Supplementary material to "Adult life strategy affects distribution patterns in abyssal isopods – implications for conservation in Pacific nodule areas"

Abstract. Aim of our study is to gain a better knowledge about the isopod crustacean fauna of the abyssal Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ) located in the central Pacific Ocean. In total, we examined 22 EBS samples taken at 6 abyssal areas in the central pacific manganese nodule area (CCZ and DISCOL). The dataset comprised 619 specimens belonging to 187 species of four different isopod families: 91 species (48.6 % of total) belonging to Munnopsidae, 63 (33.6 %) to Desmosomatidae, 24 (12.8 %) to Haploniscidae and 9 (4.8 %) to Macrostylidae. The total number of species found was relatively similar between sites ranging from 38 (German Contractor area) to 50 species (French contractor area). 68 species were represented by singeletons. The ranges of distribution differ between families. In total 77 % of the species were recorded in a single area (and thus being unique for this specific area), 13.9 % in 2 areas, 5.3 % in 3 areas, 2.6 % in 4 areas and 1 % in 5 areas. The proportion of species present in a single area increased in this sequence: Munnopsidae (75.8 %), Desmosomatidae (77.7 %) and Haploniscidae (83 %). A total of 6 (66.6 %) out of 9 species of Macrostylidae was recorded in a single area contrasted by the most common species being from this family, Macrostylidae_Macrostylis_M05 with 46 specimens (present in all areas besides DISCOL) followed by several species of Munnopsidae with 10 or more specimens in the dataset. The CCZ areas show the highest number of shared species. Generally, the high diversity in each area is reflected by a low similarity between sampling areas. The rarefraction curves indicate that species richness is similar between areas, but the real number of species is still not sampled. The most distant areas from the central CCZ, the APEI3 and DISCOL, are the most different.

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Adult life strategy affects distribution patterns in abyssal isopods – implications for conservation in Pacific nodule areas

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-17-6163-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (23) ◽

pp. 6163-6184

Author(s):

Saskia Brix ◽

Karen J. Osborn ◽

Stefanie Kaiser ◽

Sarit B. Truskey ◽

Sarah M. Schnurr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Adult Life ◽

Manganese Nodule ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Species Range ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Life Strategy ◽

Central Pacific ◽

Species Ranges ◽

Sea Bed

Abstract. With increasing pressure to extract minerals from the deep-sea bed, understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that limit the spatial distribution of species is critical to assessing ecosystem resilience to mining impacts. The aim of our study is to gain a better knowledge about the abyssal isopod crustacean fauna of the central Pacific manganese nodule province (Clarion–Clipperton Fracture Zone, CCZ). In total, we examined 22 epibenthic sledge (EBS) samples taken at five abyssal areas located in the central northern Pacific including four contracting areas and one Area of Particular Environmental Interest (APEI3). Additional samples come from the DISturbance and reCOLonization experiment (DISCOL) area situated in the Peru Basin, southeastern Pacific. Using an integrative approach that combined morphological and genetic methods with species delimitation analyses (SDs) we assessed patterns of species range size, diversity, and community composition for four different isopod families (Munnopsidae Lilljeborg, 1864; Desmosomatidae Sars, 1897; Haploniscidae Hansen, 1916; and Macrostylidae Hansen, 1916) displaying different dispersal capacities as adults. Isopods are brooders, so their distribution and connectivity cannot be explained by larval dispersal but rather by adult locomotion. In particular, our objectives were to (1) identify potential differences in the distributional ranges of isopod families relative to their locomotory potential and to (2) evaluate the representativeness of the APEI for the preservation of regional biodiversity in the CCZ following mining disturbances. From 619 specimens, our SD analysis could distinguish 170 species, most of which were new to science (94.1 %). We found that increased locomotory ability correlated with higher species diversity with 9 species of Macrostylidae, 23 of Haploniscidae, 52 of Desmosomatidae, and 86 of Munnopsidae. This is supported by family-level rarefaction analyses. As expected, we found the largest species ranges in the families with swimming abilities, with a maximum recorded species range of 5245 and 4480 km in Munnopsidae and Desmosomatidae, respectively. The less motile Haploniscidae and Macrostylidae had maximal species ranges of 1391 and 1440 km, respectively. Overall, rarefaction analyses indicated that species richness did not vary much between areas, but the real number of species was still not sufficiently sampled. This is also indicated by the large proportion of singletons (40.5 %) found in this study. The investigated contractor areas in the CCZ were more similar in species composition and had a higher proportion of shared species between each other than the closely located APEI3 and the distantly located DISCOL area. In fact, the DISCOL area, located in the Peru Basin, had more species in common with the core CCZ areas than APEI3. In this regard, APEI3 does not appear to be representative as serving as a reservoir for the fauna of the investigated contractor areas, at least for isopods, as it has a different species composition. Certainly, more data from other APEIs, as well as preservation reference zones within contractor areas, are urgently needed in order to assess their potential as resources of recolonization of impacted seabed.

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Supplementary material to "Rock glaciers of the contiguous United States: GIS inventory and spatial distribution patterns"

10.5194/essd-2020-158-supplement ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gunnar Johnson ◽

Heejun Chang ◽

Andrew Fountain

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Spatial Distribution Patterns ◽

Rock Glaciers ◽

Supplementary Material

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WESTERWALD STONEWARE AT KELMSCOTT MANOR: MORRIS, POTTERY AND THE POLITICS OF PRODUCTION

The Antiquaries Journal ◽

10.1017/s0003581519000027 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 ◽

pp. 363-397

Author(s):

Gill Chitty ◽

David Stocker

Keyword(s):

Cultural History ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Adult Life ◽

Online Appendix ◽

Significant Interest ◽

Production History ◽

Historic House ◽

Supplementary Material ◽

Complete Catalogue ◽

The Relationship

Kelmscott Manor, the country home of William Morris, houses a remarkable collection of ceramics bearing a singular relationship to one of the most influential figures in Victorian cultural history. This study of Kelmscott’s collection of German stoneware reveals new interpretations of its production history and fascinating insights into its significance for the cultural context of Morris’s work. Based on a complete catalogue, the paper examines the ensemble of approximately thirty pieces of eighteenth- to nineteenth-century Westerwald stoneware, or grès de Flandres, as it was known to Morris and his contemporaries. The Kelmscott group is the largest collection of this material known from an English historic house and has a composite and well-documented provenance. Supplementary material provided as an online appendix contains a fully illustrated, descriptive catalogue.Westerwald pottery of the seventeenth century and earlier has been extensively studied, but its ceramics of the late eighteenth to nineteenth centuries have received little attention. Most accounts stress the simplification of vessel forms and ‘degeneration’ of decorative designs during this period, leading towards mass-production c 1900. This paper re-assesses later Westerwald output, drawing attention to a vernacular pottery tradition of significant interest in its own right. This paper suggests that it was this continuing tradition of vernacular production and its naturalistic, decorative schemes that attracted the interest of Morris throughout his adult life, from the Red House experiment to the heyday of Morris & Co. Examining his writing on creativity, the minor arts and labour, the paper interprets grès de Flandres as an expression of Morris’s idealisation of the relationship between labour and craft production.

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Geochemistry and environmental effects of rare earth elements in laterites from Yunnan province, southwest China

Geochemistry Exploration Environment Analysis ◽

10.1144/geochem2021-039 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. geochem2021-039

Author(s):

Bin Liang ◽

Guilin Han ◽

Jie Zeng ◽

Rui Qu ◽

Man Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Content Type ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Supplementary Material ◽

And Migration

Rare earth elements (REEs) in soils are influenced by pedogenic processes and anthropogenic activities. To interpret the fractionation and migration of REEs during weathering in (sub-) tropical regions, the distribution, fractionation patterns, and environmental effects of REEs in laterites were investigated in this study. Soil samples from two laterite profiles (labeled with S1 and S2) were collected and the concentration of REEs were measured with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results suggested that the ΣREEs of S2 (119 ± 10 mg/kg to 209 ± 10 mg/kg) has a higher concentration and a wider variation than that of S1 (114 ± 5 mg/kg to 154 ± 8 mg/kg). The REEs in both laterite profiles are enriched with the order of HREEs > LREEs > MREEs. The distribution patterns of laterite profiles show evidence of inheritance from parent granites. The laterites preferentially incorporated HREEs, and besides, secondary Fe2O3 and clay minerals were likely to affect the fractionation of REEs in laterites. The enrichment factor of REEs varies from 11.1 to 18.9 for S1 and 10.0 to 27.6 for S1, indicating potential pollution by REEs. The accumulation of REEs in laterites by mining activities should be a concern of environmental agencies of governments.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5609234

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Biomass and nitrogen distribution ratios reveal a reduced root investment in temperate lianas vs. self-supporting plants

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1093/aob/mcz061 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 124 (5) ◽

pp. 777-790 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomasz P Wyka ◽

Marcin Zadworny ◽

Joanna Mucha ◽

Roma Żytkowiak ◽

Kinga Nowak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Biomass ◽

Unit Length ◽

Resource Distribution ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

External Support ◽

Life Strategy ◽

Unit Leaf ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Ontogenetic Drift ◽

Species Specific

Abstract Background and Aims The reliance on external support by lianas has been hypothesized to imply a reduction in the biomass cost of stem construction and root anchorage, and an increased investment in leaves, relative to self-supporting plants. These evolutionary trade-offs have not been adequately tested in an ontogenetic context and on the whole-plant scale. Moreover, the hypothesis may be extended to other potentially limiting resources, such as nitrogen (N.) Methods Plants belonging to five con-familiar pairs of temperate liana/shrub species were cultivated in 120 L barrels and sequentially harvested over up to three growing seasons. To account for the ontogenetic drift, organ biomass and nitrogen fractions were adjusted for plant biomass and N pool, respectively. Key Results Lianas invested, on average, relatively less biomass in the root fraction in comparison with shrubs. This was offset by only insignificant increases in leaf or stem investment. Even though liana stems and roots showed higher N concentration in comparison with shrubs, plant N distribution was mostly driven by, and largely matched, the pattern of biomass distribution. Lianas also showed a greater relative growth rate than shrubs. The differences between the growth forms became apparent only when ontogenetic drift was controlled for. These results were confirmed regardless of whether reproductive biomass was included in the analysis. Conclusions Our results suggest that temperate lianas, in spite of their diverse, species-specific resource distribution patterns, preferentially allocate resources to above-ground organs at the expense of roots. By identifying this trade-off and demonstrating the lack of a general trend for reduction in stem investment in lianas, we significantly modify the prevailing view of liana allocation strategies and evolutionary advantages. Such a resource distribution pattern, along with the cheap unit leaf area and stem unit length construction, situates lianas as a group close to the fast acquisition/rapid growth end of the life strategy spectrum.

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Proterozoic basement and Palaeozoic sediments in the Ringkøbing–Fyn High characterized by zircon U–Pb ages and heavy minerals from Danish onshore wells

Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark ◽

10.37570/bgsd-2015-63-04 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 ◽

pp. 29-44

Author(s):

Mette Olivarius ◽

Thomas F. Kokfelt ◽

Henrik Friis ◽

J. Richard Wilson ◽

Mette Olivarius

Keyword(s):

Age Distribution ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Heavy Minerals ◽

Age Progression ◽

Basement Rocks ◽

The Matrix ◽

Supplementary Material ◽

Proterozoic Basement ◽

Sveconorwegian Orogen ◽

Southern Flank

New data from the Proterozoic basement and scattered Palaeozoic sediments in the Ringkøbing–Fyn High including zircon U–Pb geochronometry, heavy mineral compositions and whole rock geochemistry is presented here to provide a frame of reference for detrital provenance studies. The Ringkøbing–Fyn High is a WNW–ESE trending structural high including subcropping basement rocks, and the results indicate that it is a southerly extension of the Fennoscandian Shield. The zircon data show matching age distribution patterns in crystalline basement rocks obtained from two drill sites, the Glamsbjerg-1 and Grindsted-1 wells. They both record a characteristic Telemarkian accretionary event at 1.51 and 1.48 Ga and a Sveconorwegian metamorphic overprinting at 1.08 Ga. Furthermore, the dominant age intervals in the Glamsbjerg High (1.55–1.48 Ga) and the Grindsted High (1.51–1.44 Ga) suggest that rocks of the Gothian orogeny (that ended at 1.52 Ga) are only present in the eastern part of the Ringkøbing–Fyn High. Thus, the buried basement in central Denmark may be youngest towards the west, which is consistent with the general westward age progression trend in the Sveconorwegian Orogen. The basement breccia in the Arnum-1 well on the southern flank of the Ringkøbing–Fyn High has zircon ages (c. 1.54–1.53 Ga) that resemble those of gneiss in the Glamsbjerg High. The conglomeratic sandstone in the Ringe-1 well on the Glamsbjerg High has a dual age distribution as the matrix has late Palaeoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic ages, whereas the granitic clasts have a distinct middle Neoproterozoic age (c. 0.76 Ga) that may indicate an Avalonian source. The quartzite in the Slagelse-1 well on the northern flank of the Ringkøbing–Fyn High has a broad age span with late Palaeoproterozoic to late Mesoproterozoic zircon ages. Supplementary material: Detailed documentation of U/Pb analytical procedures, results and analysed zircon spots are available below.

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