scholarly journals The effect of soil redistribution on soil organic carbon: an experimental study

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 3971-3986 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Van Hemelryck ◽  
P. Fiener ◽  
K. Van Oost ◽  
G. Govers ◽  
R. Merckx
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Soil Redistribution ◽  
Undisturbed Soils ◽  
The Moment

Abstract. Soil erosion, transport and deposition by water drastically affect the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) within a landscape. Furthermore, soil redistribution is assumed to have a large impact on the exchange of carbon (C) between the pedosphere and the atmosphere. There is, however, significant scientific disagreement concerning the relative importance of the key-mechanisms at play. One of the major uncertainties concerns the fraction of SOC that is mineralized when soil is eroded by water, from the moment when detachment takes place until the moment when the SOC becomes protected by burial. In this study, the changes in C-exchange between soil and atmosphere as affected by soil redistribution processes were experimentally quantified. During a laboratory experiment, three types of erosional events were simulated, each of which was designed to produce a different amount of eroded soil material with a different degree of aggregation. During a 98-day period, CO2-efflux was measured in-situ and under field conditions on undisturbed soils with a layer of deposited soil material. Depending on the initial conditions of the soil and the intensity of the erosion process, a significant fraction of eroded SOC was mineralized after deposition. However, results also suggest that deposition produces a dense stratified layer of sediment that caps the soil surface, leading to a decrease in SOC decomposition in deeper soil layers. As a result, the net effect of erosion on SOC can be smaller, depending on the functioning of the whole soil system. In this study, soil redistribution processes contributed an additional emission of 2 to 12% of total C contained in eroded sediment.

scholarly journals The effect of soil redistribution on soil organic carbon: an experimental study

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 5031-5071 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Van Hemelryck ◽  
P. Fiener ◽  
K. Van Oost ◽  
G. Govers
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Soil Redistribution ◽  
Undisturbed Soils ◽  
The Moment

Abstract. Soil erosion, transport and deposition by water drastically affect the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) within a landscape. Furthermore, soil redistribution is assumed to have a large impact on the exchange of carbon (C) between the pedosphere and the atmosphere. There is, however, significant scientific disagreement concerning the relative importance of the key-mechanisms at play. One of the major uncertainties concerns the fraction of SOC that is mineralized when soil is eroded by water, from the moment when detachment takes place until the moment when the SOC becomes protected by burial. In this study, the changes in C-exchange between soil and atmosphere as affected by soil redistribution processes were experimentally quantified. During a laboratory experiment, three types of erosional events were simulated, each of which was designed to produce a different amount of eroded soil material with a different degree of aggregation. During a 98-day period, CO2-efflux was measured in-situ and under field conditions on undisturbed soils with a layer of deposited soil material. Depending on the initial conditions of the soil and the intensity of the erosion process, a significant fraction of eroded SOC was mineralized after deposition (between 14 and 22%). However, results also suggest that deposition produces a dense stratified layer of sediment that caps the soil surface, leading to a decrease in SOC decomposition in deeper soil layers. As a result, the net effect of erosion on SOC can be smaller, depending on the functioning of the whole soil system. In this study, soil redistribution processes contributed an additional emission of 2 to 12% of total C contained in eroded sediment.

Modelling long-term soil organic carbon dynamics under the impact of land cover change and soil redistribution

CATENA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Bouchoms ◽  
Zhengang Wang ◽  
Veerle Vanacker ◽  
Sebastian Doetterl ◽  
Kristof Van Oost
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Soil Redistribution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics

scholarly journals Grassland fire effect on soil organic carbon reservoirs in a semiarid environment

Solid Earth ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Novara ◽  
L. Gristina ◽  
J. Rühl ◽  
S. Pasta ◽  
G. D'Angelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Grassland Fire

Abstract. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of an experimental fire used for grassland management on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. The study was carried out on Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf (Hh) grassland and Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Desf.) T. Durand & Schinz (Am) grasslands located in the north of Sicily. Soil samples were collected at 0–5 cm before and after the experimental fire, and SOC was measured. During the grassland fire, soil surface temperature was monitored. Biomass of both grasses was analysed in order to determine dry weight and its chemical composition. The results showed that SOC varied significantly with vegetation type, while it is not affected in the short term by grassland fire. Am grassland stored more SOC compared with Hh grassland thanks to lower content in the biomass of the labile carbon pool. No significant difference was observed in SOC before and after fire, which could be caused by several factors: first, in both grassland types the measured soil temperature during fire was low due to thin litter layers; second, in a semiarid environment, a higher mineralization rate results in a lower soil carbon labile pool; and third, the SOC stored in the finest soil fractions, physically protected, is not affected by fire.

Organic carbon partitioning in soil and litter in subtropical woodlands and open forests: a case study from the Brigalow Belt, Queensland

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Roxburgh ◽  
B. G. Mackey ◽  
C. Dean ◽  
L. Randall ◽  
A. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
Landscape Scales ◽  
Open Forests

A woodland–open forest landscape within the Brigalow Belt South bioregion of Queensland, Australia, was surveyed for soil organic carbon, soil bulk density and soil-surface fine-litter carbon. Soil carbon stocks to 30 cm depth across 14 sites, spanning a range of soil and vegetation complexes, ranged from 10.7 to 61.8 t C/ha, with an overall mean of 36.2 t C/ha. Soil carbon stocks to 100 cm depth ranged from 19.4 to 150.5 t C/ha, with an overall mean of 72.9 t C/ha. The standing stock of fine litter ranged from 1.0 to 7.0 t C/ha, with a mean of 2.6 t C/ha, and soil bulk density averaged 1.4 g/cm3 at the soil surface, and 1.6 g/cm3 at 1 m depth. These results contribute to the currently sparse database of soil organic carbon and bulk density measurements in uncultivated soils within Australian open forests and woodlands. The estimates of total soil organic carbon stock calculated to 30 cm depth were further partitioned into resistant plant material (RPM), humus (HUM), and inert organic matter (IOM) pools using diffuse mid-infrared (MIR) analysis. Prediction of the HUM and RPM pools using the RothC soil carbon model agreed well with the MIR measurements, confirming the suitability of RothC for modelling soil organic carbon in these soils. Methods for quantifying soil organic carbon at landscape scales were also explored, and a new regression-based technique for estimating soil carbon stocks from simple field-measured soil attributes has been proposed. The results of this study are discussed with particular reference to the difficulties encountered in the collection of the data, their limitations, and opportunities for the further development of methods for quantifying soil organic carbon at landscape scales.

Sequestration of Organic Carbon Influenced by the Application of Straw Residue and Farmyard Manure in Two Different Soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Mahmoodabadi ◽  
Elina Heydarpour
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Uncultivated Soil

Abstract Soil organic carbon is one of the most important soil components, which acts as a sink for atmospheric CO2. This study focuses on the effect of different methods of organic matter application on the soil organic carbon sequestration in a 4-month experiment under controlled greenhouse conditions. Three rates of straw residue and farmyard manure were added to uncultivated and cropland soils. Two treatments of straw residue and farmyard manure incorporation were used into: a soil surface layer and 0-20 cm soil depth. The result showed that the application of organic matter, especially the farmyard manure incorporation led to a significant increase in the final soil organic carbon content. Higher amounts of soil organic carbon were stored in the cropland soil than in the uncultivated soil. On average, the soil surface layer treatment caused a higher sequestration of soil organic carbon compared to the whole soil depth treatment. If higher rates of organic matter were added to the soils, lower carbon sequestration was observed and vice versa. The result indicated that the carbon sequestration ranged farmyardmanure > strawresidue and cropland soil > uncultivated soil. The findings of this research revealed the necessity of paying more attention to the role of organic residue management in carbon sequestration and prevention of increasing global warming.

scholarly journals Soil organic carbon along an altitudinal gradient in the Despeñaperros nature reserve, Southern Spain

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2495-2521
Author(s):  
L. Parras-Alcántara ◽  
B. Lozano-García ◽  
A. Galán-Espejo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
C Cycle

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is extremely important in the global carbon (C) cycle as C sequestration in non-disturbed soil ecosystems can be a sink of C and mitigate greenhouse gas driven climate change. Soil organic carbon changes in space and time are relevant to understand the soil system and its role in the C cycle, and this is why the influence of topographic position on SOC should be studied. Seven topographic positions (toposequence) were analyzed along an altitudinal gradient between 607 and 1168 m.a.s.l. in the Despeñaperros nature reserve (Natural Park). At each study site, soil control sections (25 cm intervals) were sampled. The studied soils are mineral soils with > 3% organic carbon content. The main characteristic of the studied soils is SOC reduction with depth; these results were related to the gravel content and to the bulk density. The SOC on the surface was highly variable along the altitudinal gradient ranging between 27.3 and 39.9 g kg−1. The SOC stock (SOCS) in the studied area was influenced by the altitude, varying between 53.8 and 158.0 Mg ha−1. Therefore, the altitude factor must be considered in the SOCS estimation at local-regional scale.

scholarly journals Grassland fire effect on soil organic carbon reservoirs in semiarid environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 883-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Novara ◽  
L. Gristina ◽  
J. Rühl ◽  
S. Pasta ◽  
G. D'Angelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Grassland Fire

Abstract. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of a experimental fire, used for grassland management, on soil organic carbon (SOC) reservoirs. The study was carried out on Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf (Hh) grassland and Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Desf.) T. Durand and Schinz (Am) grasslands, located in the north of Sicily. Soil samples were collected at 0–5 cm before and after experimental fire and SOC was measured. During grassland fire soil surface temperature was monitored. Biomass of both grasses was analyzed in order to determine dry weight and its chemical composition. The results showed that SOC varied significantly with vegetation cover, while it is not affected in the short period by grassland fire. Am grassland stored more SOC compared with Hh grassland thanks to lower content in biomass of labile carbon pool. No significant difference was observed in SOC before and after fire which could be caused by several factors: first, in both grassland types the measured soil temperature during fire was low due to thin litter layers; second, in semiarid environment higher mineralization rate results in lower soil carbon labile pool; and third, the C stored in the finest soil fractions, physical protected, is not affected by fire.

scholarly journals Particulate soil organic carbon and stratification ratio increases in response to crop residue decomposition under no-till

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1483-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clever Briedis ◽  
João Carlos de Moraes Sá ◽  
Roberto Simão De-Carli ◽  
Erielton Aparecido Pupo Antunes ◽  
Lucas Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
No Till ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Particulate Soil ◽  
Crop Residue Decomposition ◽  
Biomass Decomposition

In soils under no-tillage (NT), the continuous crop residue input to the surface layer leads to carbon (C) accumulation. This study evaluated a soil under NT in Ponta Grossa (State of Paraná, Brazil) for: 1) the decomposition of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) residues, 2) relation of the biomass decomposition effect with the soil organic carbon (SOC) content, the particulate organic carbon (POC) content, and the soil carbon stratification ratio (SR) of an Inceptisol. The assessments were based on seven samplings (t0 to t6) in a period of 160 days of three transects with six sampling points each. The oat dry biomass was 5.02 Mg ha-1 at t0, however, after 160 days, only 17.8 % of the initial dry biomass was left on the soil surface. The SOC in the 0-5 cm layer varied from 27.56 (t0) to 30.07 g dm-3 (t6). The SR increased from 1.33 to 1.43 in 160 days. There was also an increase in the POC pool in this period, from 8.1 to 10.7 Mg ha-1. The increase in SOC in the 0-5 cm layer in the 160 days was mainly due to the increase of POC derived from oat residue decomposition. The linear relationship between SOC and POC showed that 21 % of SOC was due to the more labile fraction. The results indicated that the continuous input of residues could be intensified to increase the C pool and sequestration in soils under NT.

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