Sequestration of Organic Carbon Influenced by the Application of Straw Residue and Farmyard Manure in Two Different Soils

Abstract Soil organic carbon is one of the most important soil components, which acts as a sink for atmospheric CO2. This study focuses on the effect of different methods of organic matter application on the soil organic carbon sequestration in a 4-month experiment under controlled greenhouse conditions. Three rates of straw residue and farmyard manure were added to uncultivated and cropland soils. Two treatments of straw residue and farmyard manure incorporation were used into: a soil surface layer and 0-20 cm soil depth. The result showed that the application of organic matter, especially the farmyard manure incorporation led to a significant increase in the final soil organic carbon content. Higher amounts of soil organic carbon were stored in the cropland soil than in the uncultivated soil. On average, the soil surface layer treatment caused a higher sequestration of soil organic carbon compared to the whole soil depth treatment. If higher rates of organic matter were added to the soils, lower carbon sequestration was observed and vice versa. The result indicated that the carbon sequestration ranged farmyardmanure > strawresidue and cropland soil > uncultivated soil. The findings of this research revealed the necessity of paying more attention to the role of organic residue management in carbon sequestration and prevention of increasing global warming.

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Distribution of organic carbon in Ultisol soils with citronella and pine vegetation, at Gayo Highlands, Aceh

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012009 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 951 (1) ◽

pp. 012009

Author(s):

A Karim ◽

Hifnalisa ◽

Y Jufri ◽

Y D Fazlina ◽

Megawati

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Profiles ◽

Pine Tree ◽

Total Soil ◽

Pine Trees

Abstract Soil organic matter is an indicator of soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to analyse various forms of soil organic carbon in citronella plantation, citronella plantation under pine tree, and soil under pine tree. Soil organic carbon in various forms was analysed from soil samples taken from each horizon and soil profile. The soil profiles observed were ultisol profiles planted with citronella, citronella under pine tree, and under pine tree, and slopes; 0-8%, 8-15%, 15 -25%, and 25-40%, in order to obtain 12 soil profiles with a total of 39 soil samples. Ultisols planted with citronella had higher soil organic carbon than ultisols planted with citronella under pine tree and ultisols under pine trees. Based on the slope, the highest soil organic carbon was obtained in the soil with a slope of 0-8%, and decreased with increasing slope. Based on soil depth, the highest soil organic carbon was obtained in the upper horizon, compared to the horizon below. The highest total soil organic carbon was obtained at the soil surface horizon with a slope of 0-8% and citronella was planted. This pattern of total soil organic carbon is similar to that of sesquioxide bound organic carbon, but is not consistent with that of free clay bound organic carbon.

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Impact of soil use on aggregate stability and its relationship with soil organic carbon at two different altitudes in the Colombian Andes

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v37n3.77601 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 263-273

Author(s):

Efraín Francisco Visconti-Moreno ◽

Ibonne Geaneth Valenzuela-Balcázar

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Tropical Climate ◽

Mineral Particle ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Rice Soils ◽

Organic Matter Pool ◽

Different Altitudes

The stability of soil aggregates depends on the organic matter, and the soil use and management can affect the soil organicmatter (SOM) content. Therefore, it is necessary to know therelationship between aggregate stability and the content of SOMin different types of soil use at two different altitudes of theColombian Andes. This study examined the conditions of soilaggregate stability expressed as a distribution of the size classes of stable aggregates (SA) and of the mean weighted diameter of the stable aggregates (MWD). To correlate these characteristics with the soil organic carbon (OC), we measured the particulate organic matter pool (POC), the OC associated with the mineral organic matter pool (HOC), the total organic carbon content (TOC), and the humification rate (HR). Soils were sampled at two altitudes: 1) Humic Dystrudepts in a cold tropical climate (CC) with three plots: tropical mountain rainforest, pastures, and crops; 2) Fluvaquentic Dystrudepts in a warm tropical climate (WC) with three plots: tropical rainforest, an association of oil palm and pastures, and irrigated rice. Soils were sampled at three depths: 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm. The physical properties, mineral particle size distribution, and bulk density were measured. The content of SA with size>2.36 mm was higher in the CC soil (51.48%) than in the WC soil (9.23%). The SA with size 1.18-2.36 mm was also higher in the CC soil (7.78%) than in the WC soil (0.62%). The SA with size 0.60-1.18 mm resulted indifferent. The SA with size between 0.30 and 0.60 mm were higher in the WC soil (13.95%) than in the CC soil (4.67%). The SA<0.30 mm was higher in the WC soil (72.56%) than in the CC soil (32.15%). It was observed that MWD and the SA>2.36 mm increased linearly with a higher POC, but decreased linearly with a higher HR. For the SA<0.30 mm, a linear decrease was observed at a higher POC, while it increased at a higher HR.

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Long-term effects of fertilisers and organic sources on soil organic carbon fractions under a rice–wheat system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of north-west India

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr16097 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 296 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. Das ◽

B. S. Dwivedi ◽

V. K. Singh ◽

S. P. Datta ◽

M. C. Meena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Microbial Biomass C ◽

Gangetic Plain ◽

Organic C ◽

Labile C ◽

Labile C Fractions

Decline in soil organic carbon (SOC) content is considered a key constraint for sustenance of rice–wheat system (RWS) productivity in the Indo-Gangetic Plain region. We, therefore, studied the effects of fertilisers and manures on SOC pools, and their relationships with crop yields after 18 years of continuous RWS. Total organic C increased significantly with the integrated use of fertilisers and organic sources (from 13 to 16.03gkg–1) compared with unfertilised control (11.5gkg–1) or sole fertiliser (NPKZn; 12.17gkg–1) treatment at 0–7.5cm soil depth. Averaged across soil depths, labile fractions like microbial biomass C (MBC) and permanganate-oxidisable C (PmOC) were generally higher in treatments that received farmyard manure (FYM), sulfitation pressmud (SPM) or green gram residue (GR) along with NPK fertiliser, ranging from 192 to 276mgkg–1 and from 0.60 to 0.75gkg–1 respectively compared with NPKZn and NPK+cereal residue (CR) treatments, in which MBC and PmOC ranged from 118 to 170mgkg–1 and from 0.43 to 0.57gkg–1 respectively. Oxidisable organic C fractions revealed that very labile C and labile C fractions were much larger in the NPK+FYM or NPK+GR+FYM treatments, whereas the less-labile C and non-labile C fractions were larger under control and NPK+CR treatments. On average, Walkley–Black C, PmOC and MBC contributed 29–46%, 4.7–6.6% and 1.16–2.40% towards TOC respectively. Integrated plant nutrient supply options, except NPK+CR, also produced sustainable high yields of RWS.

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The chemical and physical stability soil organic carbon in the top 1 m of the soil profile under different land uses in the UK

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-514 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dedy Antony ◽

Jo Clark ◽

Chris Collins ◽

Tom Sizmur

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Land Uses ◽

Total N

Soils are the largest terrestrial pool of organic carbon and it is now known that as much as 50% of soil organic carbon (SOC) can be stored below 30 cm. Therefore, knowledge of the mechanisms by which soil organic carbon is stabilised at depth and how land use affects this is important.This study aimed to characterise topsoil and subsoil SOC and other soil properties under different land uses to determine the SOC stabilisation mechanisms and the degree to which SOC is vulnerable to decomposition. Samples were collected under three different land uses: arable, grassland and deciduous woodland on a silty-clay loam soil and analysed for TOC, pH, C/N ratio and texture down the first one metre of the soil profile. Soil organic matter (SOM) physical fractionation and the extent of fresh mineral surfaces were also analysed to elucidate SOM stabilisation processes.Results showed that soil texture was similar among land uses and tended to become more fine down the soil profile, but pH did not significantly change with soil depth. Total C, total N and C/N ratio decreased down the soil profile and were affected by land use in the order woodland > grassland > arable. SOM fractionation revealed that the free particulate organic matter (fPOM) fraction was significantly greater in both the topsoil and subsoil under woodland than under grassland or arable. The mineral associated OC (MinOC) fraction was proportionally greater in the subsoil compared to topsoil under all land uses: arable > grassland > woodland. Clay, Fe and Mn availability play a significant role (R2=0.87) in organic carbon storage in the top 1 m of the soil profile.It is evidently clear from the findings that land use change has a significant effect on the dynamics of the SOC pool at depth, related to litter inputs to the system.

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Relationship between the mass of organic matter and carbon in soil

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132008000200005 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 263-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Silmara R. Bianchi ◽

Mario Miyazawa ◽

Edson L. de Oliveira ◽

Marcos Antonio Pavan

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Loss On Ignition ◽

Oxidation Degree ◽

Wide Range

The quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) was estimated through the determination of soil organic carbon (SOC) times a factor, which assumes that 58% of the SOM was formed by carbon. A number of soil samples with wide range of SOC content collected in the state of Paraná, Brazil were evaluated in the laboratory. SOC was measured by Walkley-Black method and the total SOM by loss on ignition. The SOC was positively correlated with SOM. The SOM/SOC ratio varied from 1.91 to 5.08 for the soils. It shows that Brazilian SOM has greater oxidation degree. Although, the SOM and SOC decreased with soil depth the SOM/SOC ratio increased. It showed that SOM in the subsoil contained more oxygen but less carbon than the SOM in the upper soil surface. The CEC/SOC also increased with depth indicating that the functional groups of the SOM increased per unity of carbon.

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Estimates of soil organic carbon stocks in central Canada using three different approaches

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x01-122 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 805-812 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

J S Bhatti ◽

M J Apps ◽

C Tarnocai

Keyword(s):

Surface Layer ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Carbon ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Regression Line ◽

Organic C ◽

Soil C ◽

Total Soil

This study compared three estimates of carbon (C) contained both in the surface layer (030 cm) and the total soil pools at polygon and regional scales and the spatial distribution in the three prairie provinces of western Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba). The soil C estimates were based on data from (i) analysis of pedon data from both the Boreal Forest Transect Case Study (BFTCS) area and from a national-scale soil profile database; (ii) the Canadian Soil Organic Carbon Database (CSOCD), which uses expert estimation based on soil characteristics; and (iii) model simulations with the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS2). At the polygon scale, good agreement was found between the CSOCD and pedon (the first method) total soil carbon values. Slightly higher total soil carbon values obtained from BFTCS averaged pedon data (the first method), as indicated by the slope of the regression line, may be related to micro- and meso-scale geomorphic and microclimate influences that are not accounted for in the CSOCD. Regional estimates of organic C from these three approaches for upland forest soils ranged from 1.4 to 7.7 kg C·m2 for the surface layer and 6.2 to 27.4 kg C·m2 for the total soil. In general, the CBM-CFS2 simulated higher soil C content compared with the field observed and CSOCD soil C estimates, but showed similar patterns in the total soil C content for the different regions. The higher soil C content simulated with CBM-CFS2 arises in part because the modelled results include forest floor detritus pool components (such as coarse woody debris, which account for 412% of the total soil pool in the region) that are not included in the other estimates. The comparison between the simulated values (the third method) and the values obtained from the two empirical approaches (the first two methods) provided an independent test of CBM-CFS2 soil simulations for upland forests soils. The CSOCD yielded significantly higher C content for peatland soils than for upland soils, ranging from 14.6 to 28 kg C·m2 for the surface layer and 60 to 181 kg C·m2 for the total peat soil depth. All three approaches indicated higher soil carbon content in the boreal zone than in other regions (subarctic, grassland).

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Effects of long-term fertilization on soil organic carbon content and aggregate composition under continuous maize cropping in Northeast China

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859614000100 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 153 (2) ◽

pp. 236-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Z. W. SONG ◽

P. ZHU ◽

H. J. GAO ◽

C. PENG ◽

A. X. DENG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Northeast China ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Inorganic Fertilizers ◽

Continuous Maize ◽

Clay Aggregates ◽

Topsoil Layer

SUMMARYFertilizer application can play an important role in soil organic carbon (SOC) retention and dynamics. The mechanisms underlying long-term accumulation and protection of SOC in intensive maize cropping systems, however, have not been well documented for cool high-latitude rainfed areas. Based on a 23-year fertilization experiment under a continuous maize cropping system at Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, China, the effects of fertilization regimes on SOC content and soil aggregate-associated carbon (C) composition were investigated. Results showed that, within the 0–1·0 m soil profile, SOC contents decreased significantly with soil depth in all treatments. In the topsoil layer (0–0·2 m), SOC concentrations in balanced inorganic fertilizers plus farmyard manure (MNPK), fallow system (FAL) and balanced inorganic fertilizers plus maize straw residue (SNPK) treatments were significantly greater than initial levels by 61·0, 34·1 and 20·1%, respectively. The MNPK and SNPK treatments increased SOC content by 50·7 and 12·4% compared to the unfertilized control in the topsoil layer, whereas no significant differences were found between balanced inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (NPK) and the unfertilized control treatment. There were no significant differences in aggregate-size distribution among the unfertilized control, NPK and MNPK treatments, whereas the SNPK treatment significantly enhanced the formation of micro-aggregates (53–250 μm) and decreased the formation of silt+clay aggregates (<53 μm) compared to the unfertilized control, NPK and MNPK treatments. Moreover, SOC concentrations in all aggregate fractions in the MNPK treatment were the highest among treatments. Furthermore, the MNPK treatment significantly increased SOC stock in micro- and silt+clay aggregates, which may slow down C decomposition in the soil. These results indicate that long-term manure amendment can benefit SOC sequestration and stability in the black soil of Northeast China.

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Soils under Shorea robusta in foot hills of the Eastern Himalaya - their characteristics and carbon sequestration potential

Indian Journal of Forestry ◽

10.54207/bsmps1000-2021-56p692 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 295-301

Author(s):

Samar Gangopadhyay ◽

◽

Samar Banerjee ◽

Avinash Jain ◽

Saikat Banerjee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Clay Content ◽

Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Sequestration Potential ◽

Study Sites

Forest soils supporting Sal-Shorea robusta (Roxb. ex Gaertn. f.) plantations in the foot hills of Darjeeling and Kurseong Divisions in West Bengal were studied for their physicochemical characteristics and carbon sequestration potential. Soils are acidic, high in organic carbon and clay content but low in soil reaction (pH) and bulk density (BD). Thick deposit of leaf litter and its decomposition products increase the soil organic carbon (SOC). Significant amount of clay content also increases the moisture content which helps in decomposing the organic matter, reducing the bulk density of soil and reduces erosion. Soil organic matter tends to concentrate with roughly more than half of the soil organic carbon in the upper soil horizons (0-30cm) at all the study sites. Among the study sites, Samardanga block registers lowest SOC while Bamanpukuri block shows highest SOC stock.

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Modelling dynamic interactions between soil structure and soil organic matter

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-3613 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas Jarvis ◽

Elsa Coucheney ◽

Claire Chenu ◽

Anke Herrmann ◽

Thomas Keller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Management Practices ◽

Animal Manure ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Organic Carbon Content

The aggregated structure of soil is known to reduce rates of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and therefore influence the potential for long-term carbon sequestration. In turn, the storage and turnover of SOM strongly determines soil aggregation and thus the physical properties of soil. The two-way nature of these interactions has not yet been explicitly considered in soil organic matter models. In this study, we present and describe a new model of these dynamic feedbacks between SOM storage, soil pore structure and soil physical properties. We show the results of a test of the model against measurements made during 61 years in a field trial located near Uppsala (Sweden) in two treatments with different OM inputs (bare fallow, animal manure). The model was able to successfully reproduce long-term trends in soil bulk density and organic carbon content (SOC), as well as match limited data on soil pore size distribution and surface elevation. The results suggest that the model approach presented here could prove useful in analyses of the effects of soil and crop management practices and climate change on the long-term potential for soil organic carbon sequestration.

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On-farm study reveals positive relationship between gas transport capacity and organic carbon content in arable soil

SOIL ◽

10.5194/soil-5-91-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 91-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tino Colombi ◽

Florian Walder ◽

Lucie Büchi ◽

Marlies Sommer ◽

Kexing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Root Growth ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Gas Transport ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Soil Aeration ◽

Soil Organic Carbon Content ◽

Wide Range

Abstract. Arable soils may act as a sink in the global carbon cycle, but the prediction of their potential for carbon sequestration remains challenging. Amongst other factors, soil aeration is known to influence root growth and microbial activity and thus inputs and decomposition of soil organic carbon. However, the influence of soil aeration on soil organic carbon content has been explored only little, especially at the farm level. Here, we investigated relationships between gas transport properties and organic carbon content in the topsoil and subsoil of 30 fields of individual farms, covering a wide range of textural composition. The fields were managed either conventionally, organically, or according to no-till practice. Despite considerable overlap between the management systems, we found that tillage increased soil gas transport capability in the topsoil, while organic farming resulted in higher soil organic carbon content. Remarkably, higher gas transport capability was associated with higher soil organic carbon content, both in the topsoil and subsoil (0.53 < R2 < 0.71). Exogenous organic carbon inputs in the form of crop residues and organic amendments, in contrast, were not related to soil organic carbon content. Based on this, we conjecture that higher gas transport capability resulted in improved conditions for root growth, which eventually led to increased input of soil organic carbon. Our findings show the importance of soil aeration for carbon storage in soil and highlight the need to consider aeration in the evaluation of carbon sequestration strategies in cropping systems.

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