scholarly journals How much are households willing to contribute to the cost recovery of drinking water supply? Results from a household survey

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-241
Author(s):  
S. Tarfasa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Cost Recovery ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Services

Abstract. Improving existing drinking water supply services in developing countries depends crucially on available financial resources. Cost recovery rates of these services are typically low, while demand for more reliable services is high and rapidly growing. Most stated preference based demand studies in the developing world apply the contingent valuation method and focus on rural areas. This study examines the willingness of households to pay for improved water supply services employing a choice model (CM) in an urban area in Ethiopia, a country with the lowest water supply coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa. The design of the choice model allows the estimation of the values of both drinking water reliability and safety. The estimated economic values can be used in policy appraisals of investment decisions. Despite significant income constraints, households are willing to pay up to 60% extra for improved levels of water supply over and above their current water bill, especially households living in the poorest part of the city with the lowest service levels. Women value the improvement of water quality most, while a significant effect is found for averting behavior and expenditures.

scholarly journals How much are households willing to contribute to the cost recovery of drinking water supply? Results from a household survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tarfasa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cost Recovery ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Urban Drinking Water

Abstract. Financial resources are crucial to improve existing urban drinking water supply in developing countries typically characterized by low cost recovery rates and high and rapidly growing demand for more reliable services. This study examines the willingness to pay for improved urban drinking water supply employing a choice model (CM) in an urban context in Ethiopia, Hawassa, with a household survey of 170 respondents. The design of the choice model allows the estimation of the values of two attributes of urban drinking water service (extra day water delivery per week and safer water). The findings indicate that households are willing to pay up to 60% extra for improved levels of water supply over and above their current water bill. Especially those households living in the poorest part of the city with the lowest service levels demonstrate that they are willing to pay more despite significant income constraints they are facing. Women value the improvement of water quality most, while a significant effect is found for averting behavior and expenditures. The estimated economic values can be used in policy appraisals of investment decisions.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Model for Achieving Universal Safe Drinking Water in the Medium-Sized City of Bangangté (Cameroon)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3177
Author(s):  
Esther Laurentine Nya ◽  
Roger Feumba ◽  
Pierre René Fotsing Kwetché ◽  
Willis Gwenzi ◽  
Chicgoua Noubactep
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Clean Drinking Water

Providing everyone with safe drinking water is a moral imperative. Yet, sub-Saharan Africa seems unable to achieve “safe drinking water for all” by 2030. This sad situation calls for a closer examination of the water supply options for both rural and urban populations. Commonly, two main aspects are considered: (1) behavioural responses to available or potential water supply options, and (2) socio-economic acceptability. These aspects determine the feasibility and the affordability of bringing safe drinking water as a basic good and human right to everyone. There is a broad consensus that achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 is mostly a financial issue, especially in low-income settings. This communication challenges this view as water is available everywhere and affordable treatment options are well-known. It considers the decentralized water supply model as a reference or standard approach in low-income settings rather than as an alternative. Here, the medium-sized city of Bangangté in the western region of Cameroon is used to demonstrate that universal safe drinking water will soon be possible. In fact, during the colonial period, the residences of the elite and the main institutions, including the administrative quarter, churches, and hospital, have been supplied with clean water from various local sources. All that is needed is to consider everyone as important or accept safe drinking water as human right. First, we present a historical background on water supply in the colonial period up to 1980. Second, the drinking water supply systems and water demand driven by population growth are discussed. Finally, a hybrid model for the achieving of universal access to clean drinking water, and preconditions for its successful implementation, are presented. Overall, this communication calls for a shift from safe drinking water supply approaches dominated by centralized systems, and presents a transferable hybrid model to achieve universal clean drinking water.

scholarly journals GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER SOURCES IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS OF VORONEZH REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
T.I. Prozhorina ◽  
S.A. Kurolap ◽  
Yu.A. Presnyakova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
And Control

The problem of providing the population of the Voronezh region with clean drinking water is the most acute, since about 30 % of water sources do not meet environmental requirements, which causes a certain risk to the health of the region's population. The paper assesses the current state of centralized and decentralized drinking water supply and sanitation in the cities of Novohopersk, Borisoglebsk, Ostrogozhsk, Ramon and their surroundings, which are administrative centers of the same name municipal districts of the Voronezh region. The problems of providing the population of the region with high-quality drinking water are revealed and ways of solving rational water supply are considered. In addition, based on the results of the chemical composition of drinking water from centralized and decentralized water supply sources, the quality of drinking water supplied to the population of the studied cities was established. The results of the analysis showed that the population of the Voronezh region (for example, the cities of Novohopersk, Borisoglebsk, Ostrogozhsk, Ramon and their surroundings) uses drinking water that does not meet hygienic requirements. Therefore, today it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and control over the quality of drinking water supply, and the population of urban and rural areas of the region need to use household filters for water purification.

scholarly journals Global costs and benefits of reaching universal coverage of sanitation and drinking-water supply

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Access Time ◽  
Economic Evidence ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Returns

Economic evidence on the cost and benefits of sanitation and drinking-water supply supports higher allocation of resources and selection of efficient and affordable interventions. The study aim is to estimate global and regional costs and benefits of sanitation and drinking-water supply interventions to meet the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target in 2015, as well as to attain universal coverage. Input data on costs and benefits from reviewed literature were combined in an economic model to estimate the costs and benefits, and benefit-cost ratios (BCRs). Benefits included health and access time savings. Global BCRs (Dollar return per Dollar invested) were 5.5 for sanitation, 2.0 for water supply and 4.3 for combined sanitation and water supply. Globally, the costs of universal access amount to US$ 35 billion per year for sanitation and US$ 17.5 billion for drinking-water, over the 5-year period 2010–2015 (billion defined as 109 here and throughout). The regions accounting for the major share of costs and benefits are South Asia, East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Improved sanitation and drinking-water supply deliver significant economic returns to society, especially sanitation. Economic evidence should further feed into advocacy efforts to raise funding from governments, households and the private sector.

Determinants of household participation in the management of rural water supply systems: A case from Ethiopia

Water Policy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aschalew D. Tigabu ◽  
Charles F. Nicholson ◽  
Amy S. Collick ◽  
Tammo S. Steenhuis
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Supply Systems

Access to safe drinking water supply in Ethiopia is among the lowest in sub-Saharan Africa. While both governmental and non-governmental organizations have implemented water supply projects in recent years, many fail shortly after construction due to improper management. In this paper, we examine socio-economic, institutional and exogenous factors affecting household participation in the management of water supply systems for drinking purposes. A survey was carried out involving 16 water supply systems and 160 households within the Achefer area, in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. The results show that household contributions to water supply system management are positively and significantly affected by user participation during the project design and implementation, by advocacy provided by the project and by greater household income. Thus, for drinking water systems in rural areas to be sustainable, these factors should be included when planning water supply projects.

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