Bottom Sediments of Arctic Lakes as Indicators of Mercury Biogeochemical Migration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury Tatsiy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Transboundary Transport

<p>Studies of dated cores of bottom sediments from Arctic lakes to determine flows and the history of sedimentation of heavy metals have been carried out since the beginning of the 90s. This is largely due to the need to understand the spatial and temporal trends of pollution in the Arctic and the ways of influencing wildlife and people, especially in a changing climate. Arctic lakes are sensitive indicators of global changes in the environment and climate, as well as the effects of regional and transboundary transport of pollutants. Bottom sediments of Arctic lakes that are not subject to direct anthropogenic influences are a kind of paleoclimatic and paleogeochemical archives that contain information about biogeochemical processes on the catchment and in the reservoir itself, informatively reflect environmental changes.</p><p>Arctic mercury is of particular interest. Besides the fact that this metal is an element of the first hazard class, it is a global pollutant. Unfortunately, the published data on mercury in the bottom sediments of Arctic lakes are much less than for other heavy metals. To some extent, this is due to analytical problems in determining low mercury levels.</p><p>The aim of the research is to assess the dynamics of sedimentation of mercury and identify a possible anthropogenic contribution to the period of industrial activity.</p><p>The results of research of mercury distribution in sediments are presented for cores from five Arctic lakes – NARY_1-2 (Malozemelskaya tundra), NARY_2-4 and 9-1 (Lovetsky Island, the mouth of the Pechora River), Langtibejto (Yamal Peninsula) and Gol’tsovoe (Gydan Peninsula). Sedimentation rates were estimated using 210Pb and 137Cs geochronology. Chemical composition, granulometry and loss on ignition were determined layer by layer for all sediment cores.</p><p>The layer-by-layer analysis of all cores of bottom sediments showed that the distribution of mercury differs significantly from the distribution of other elements by a significantly stronger enrichment of the surface layers. The nature of this distribution in column NARY1_2 coincides with both the beginning of the industrial period (end of the 19th century) and the beginning of the work of the Norilsk industrial complex.</p><p>Enrichment of the surface layer of sediments can be caused not only by transboundary transport of mercury, but also by an increased content of organic matter in the upper horizons of sediments.</p><p>The nature of the distribution of mercury along the length of the columns and the distribution over fractions with different particle sizes showed that the finest fraction does not always determine the total concentration in the slice. At the same time, large particles (> 0.2 mm) with a high mercury concentration are present in the columns.</p><p>The data obtained show that, unlike other elements, the studied lakes are conditionally background for mercury.</p><p>This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project 18-17-00184)</p>

Phytoplankton of cold-water lake ecosystems under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Sharov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

Based on the study of the spatio-temporal aspects of the development of phytoplankton in the lakes of the North and North-West of the European territory of Russia (large lakes – Imandra, Onega and Chudsko-Pskovskoye and small lakes of the Arctic and Subarctic), the features of its structure and dynamics under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors (eutrophication, heavy metal pollution, acidification, thermification). The species composition and quantitative characteristics of phytoplankton of large lakes of the North of Russia, small arctic lakes and lakes of subarctic regions are studied. It has been shown that diatoms predominate in arctic water bodies according to species diversity, and green and diatoms predominate in boreal ones. By biomass, diatoms dominate mainly in all cold-water lakes, with the exception of small arctic lakes, where golden algae lead. The features of the reorganization of phytoplankton in response to the action of anthropogenic factors are revealed. It is proved that in the northern water bodies the complex action of heavy metals and nutrients does not lead to inhibition of phytoplankton, and the effect of acidification in combination with heavy metals enhances the toxic effect of the latter. A feature of the response to acidification is an increase in the variability of the dynamics of the biomass of phytoplankton. It has been shown that in different types of lakes of East Antarctica under severe climate conditions under light and biogenic limitation, redistribution of autotrophic components in the formation of the biota of water bodies occurs: against the background of a decrease in the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton, the role of microphytobenthos and periphyton increases.

Phytoplankton of cold-water lake ecosystems under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Sharov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

Based on the study of the spatio-temporal aspects of the development of phytoplankton in the lakes of the North and North-West of the European territory of Russia (large lakes – Imandra, Onega and Chudsko-Pskovskoye and small lakes of the Arctic and Subarctic), the features of its structure and dynamics under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors (eutrophication, heavy metal pollution, acidification, thermification). The species composition and quantitative characteristics of phytoplankton of large lakes of the North of Russia, small arctic lakes and lakes of subarctic regions are studied. It has been shown that diatoms predominate in arctic water bodies according to species diversity, and green and diatoms predominate in boreal ones. By biomass, diatoms dominate mainly in all cold-water lakes, with the exception of small arctic lakes, where golden algae lead. The features of the reorganization of phytoplankton in response to the action of anthropogenic factors are revealed. It is proved that in the northern water bodies the complex action of heavy metals and nutrients does not lead to inhibition of phytoplankton, and the effect of acidification in combination with heavy metals enhances the toxic effect of the latter. A feature of the response to acidification is an increase in the variability of the dynamics of the biomass of phytoplankton. It has been shown that in different types of lakes of East Antarctica under severe climate conditions under light and biogenic limitation, redistribution of autotrophic components in the formation of the biota of water bodies occurs: against the background of a decrease in the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton, the role of microphytobenthos and periphyton increases.

Reactions of shorebirds and passerines to human development in the Russian Arctic under the influence of strict conservation measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-219
Author(s):  
Sergey Kouzov ◽  
Anna Kravchuk ◽  
Elmira Zaynagutdinova ◽  
Evgeny Abakumov
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Habitat Transformation ◽  
Nesting Density ◽  
Calcarius Lapponicus

Anthropogenic impact on nesting waders and passerine birds in the Arctic in surroundings of the industrial complex Sabetta, Yamal Peninsula, Russia was studied. A lot of factors associated with human development may affect nesting birds. The human-subsidized predation is considered to be the most significant. Anthropogenic food sources are usually present in human-transformed habitats, as well as additional dens and perch sites. This leads to a higher press of predation. In Sabetta, there are specific conditions causing artificially-limited predation and human-induced disturbance. Finding a large number of nests in close proximity to industrial infrastructure we have suggested that waders (order Charadriiformes) and passerine (order Passeriformes) birds may be tolerant to an urbanized landscape. In the studied industrial habitat, they probably do not reduce the nesting density, thanks to particular advantages of such habitats (drainability and variety of shelters). To test this hypothesis, we performed an analysis of the relationship between the nesting density of the 8 most abundant species of waders and passerines in relation to the degree of habitat transformation. Statistical analysis was carried out using the GLM module of Statsoft Statistica 10. We found a positive relation between nesting density of the Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula) and Snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis) and the degree of transformation. Habitat transformation did not significantly affect the White wagtail (Motacilla alba) and Red-throated pipit (Anthus cervinus). The Lapland longspur (Calcarius lapponicus) showed a clear decrease of the nest density in transformed habitats. Last but not least, the Little stint (Calidris minuta), Temminck’s stint (C. temminckii) and Red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) completely ignored only artificial habitats, whereas in partially transformed habitats, their mean nesting density was similar to undisturbed natural areas.

scholarly journals Evidence of Gas Emissions from Permafrost in the Russian Arctic

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Chuvilin ◽  
Valentina Ekimova ◽  
Dinara Davletshina ◽  
Natalia Sokolova ◽  
Boris Bukhanov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Gas Release ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Ample Evidence

The active emission of gas (mainly methane) from terrestrial and subsea permafrost in the Russian Arctic has been confirmed by ample evidence. In this paper, a generalization and some systematization of gas manifestations recorded in the Russian Arctic is carried out. The published data on most typical gas emission cases have been summarized in a table and illustrated by a map. The tabulated data include location, signatures, and possible sources of each gas show, with respective references. All events of onshore and shelf gas release are divided into natural and man-caused. and the natural ones are further classified as venting from lakes or explosive emissions in dryland conditions that produce craters on the surface. Among natural gas shows on land, special attention is paid to the emission of natural gas from Arctic lakes, as well as gas emissions with craters formation. In addition, a description of the observed man-caused gas manifestations associated with the drilling of geotechnical and production wells in the Arctic region is given. The reported evidence demonstrates the effect of permafrost degradation on gas release, especially in oil and gas fields.

Phytoplankton of cold-water lake ecosystems under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Sharov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

Based on the study of the spatio-temporal aspects of the development of phytoplankton in the lakes of the North and North-West of the European territory of Russia (large lakes – Imandra, Onega and Chudsko-Pskovskoye and small lakes of the Arctic and Subarctic), the features of its structure and dynamics under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors (eutrophication, heavy metal pollution, acidification, thermification). The species composition and quantitative characteristics of phytoplankton of large lakes of the North of Russia, small arctic lakes and lakes of subarctic regions are studied. It has been shown that diatoms predominate in arctic water bodies according to species diversity, and green and diatoms predominate in boreal ones. By biomass, diatoms dominate mainly in all cold-water lakes, with the exception of small arctic lakes, where golden algae lead. The features of the reorganization of phytoplankton in response to the action of anthropogenic factors are revealed. It is proved that in the northern water bodies the complex action of heavy metals and nutrients does not lead to inhibition of phytoplankton, and the effect of acidification in combination with heavy metals enhances the toxic effect of the latter. A feature of the response to acidification is an increase in the variability of the dynamics of the biomass of phytoplankton. It has been shown that in different types of lakes of East Antarctica under severe climate conditions under light and biogenic limitation, redistribution of autotrophic components in the formation of the biota of water bodies occurs: against the background of a decrease in the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton, the role of microphytobenthos and periphyton increases.

Phytoplankton of cold-water lake ecosystems under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Sharov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

Based on the study of the spatio-temporal aspects of the development of phytoplankton in the lakes of the North and North-West of the European territory of Russia (large lakes – Imandra, Onega and Chudsko-Pskovskoye and small lakes of the Arctic and Subarctic), the features of its structure and dynamics under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors (eutrophication, heavy metal pollution, acidification, thermification). The species composition and quantitative characteristics of phytoplankton of large lakes of the North of Russia, small arctic lakes and lakes of subarctic regions are studied. It has been shown that diatoms predominate in arctic water bodies according to species diversity, and green and diatoms predominate in boreal ones. By biomass, diatoms dominate mainly in all cold-water lakes, with the exception of small arctic lakes, where golden algae lead. The features of the reorganization of phytoplankton in response to the action of anthropogenic factors are revealed. It is proved that in the northern water bodies the complex action of heavy metals and nutrients does not lead to inhibition of phytoplankton, and the effect of acidification in combination with heavy metals enhances the toxic effect of the latter. A feature of the response to acidification is an increase in the variability of the dynamics of the biomass of phytoplankton. It has been shown that in different types of lakes of East Antarctica under severe climate conditions under light and biogenic limitation, redistribution of autotrophic components in the formation of the biota of water bodies occurs: against the background of a decrease in the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton, the role of microphytobenthos and periphyton increases.

Content of the Heavy Metals in Water and Bottom Sediments of the Ingulets River

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Malakhov ◽  
A. O. Bobko ◽  
T. M. Aliokhina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bottom Sediments

INFLUENCE OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE SEREPOK RIVER (VIETNAM) ON ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN ORGANS OF FISH

2017 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Ngo The Cuong ◽  
Tran Hoan Quoc ◽  
Svetlana Vasilievna Zolotokopova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
River Water ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Sarotherodon Galilaeus ◽  
Water Bottom

The article focuses on the study of change of containing heavy metals (zinc, copper, iron, cadmium, lead, arsenic) in the abiotic and biotic components of the Serepok river (Vietman) influenced by wastewater discharge from industrial areas. Heavy metal content was determined in the river water and bottom sediments in the four zones: above and within the boundaries of industrial regions Xoa Phu and Tam Thang and in two water reservoirs situated below the boundaries of those industrial areas. Tilapia Galilean ( Sarotherodon galilaeus ), Hemibagrus ( Hemibagrus ), and sazan ( Cyprinus carpio ) caught in these areas were the hydrobionts under study in which liver, gills, skeleton and muscles accumulation of heavy metals was detected. In the organs of fish caught in the river within industrial region, heavy metals concentration was 3-7 times higher. The greatest concentration of heavy metals was found in the liver and gills of fish caught in the boundaries of industrial regions, the least concentration was in the muscles. In most cases, significant correlation between heavy metal concentration in organs of fishes and in river water, bottom sediments has been revealed.

MONITORING OF THE THERMOABRASIONAL AND ACCUMULATIVE COASTS NEAR THE UNDERWATER GAS PIPELINE ROUTE ACROSS THE BAYDARATSKAYA BAY, KARA SEA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Belova ◽  
Nataliya Belova ◽  
Alisa Baranskaya ◽  
Alisa Baranskaya ◽  
Osip Kokin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Nearshore Zone ◽  
Barrier Beach ◽  
Energy Dissipater ◽  
Pipeline Route

The coasts of Baydaratskaya Bay are composed by loose frozen sediments. At Yamal Peninsula accumulative coasts are predominant at the site where pipeline crosses the coast, while thermoabrasional coast are prevail at the Ural coast crossing site. Coastal dynamics monitoring on both sites is conducted using field and remote methods starting from the end of 1980s. As a result of construction in the coastal zone the relief morphology was disturbed, both lithodynamics and thermal regime of the permafrost within the areas of several km around the sites where gas pipeline crosses coastline was changed. At Yamal coast massive removal of deposits from the beach and tideflat took place. The morphology of barrier beach, which previously was a natural wave energy dissipater, was disturbed. This promoted inland penetration of storm surges and permafrost degradation under the barrier beach. At Ural coast the topsoil was disrupted by construction trucks, which affected thermal regime of the upper part of permafrost and lead to active layer deepening. Thermoerosion and thermoabrasion processes have activated on coasts, especially at areas with icy sediments, ice wedges and massive ice beds. Construction of cofferdams resulted in overlapping of sediments transit on both coasts and caused sediment deficit on nearby nearshore zone areas. The result of technogenic disturbances was widespread coastal erosion activation, which catastrophic scale is facilitated by climate warming in the Arctic.

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