Phytoplankton of cold-water lake ecosystems under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Sharov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

Based on the study of the spatio-temporal aspects of the development of phytoplankton in the lakes of the North and North-West of the European territory of Russia (large lakes – Imandra, Onega and Chudsko-Pskovskoye and small lakes of the Arctic and Subarctic), the features of its structure and dynamics under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors (eutrophication, heavy metal pollution, acidification, thermification). The species composition and quantitative characteristics of phytoplankton of large lakes of the North of Russia, small arctic lakes and lakes of subarctic regions are studied. It has been shown that diatoms predominate in arctic water bodies according to species diversity, and green and diatoms predominate in boreal ones. By biomass, diatoms dominate mainly in all cold-water lakes, with the exception of small arctic lakes, where golden algae lead. The features of the reorganization of phytoplankton in response to the action of anthropogenic factors are revealed. It is proved that in the northern water bodies the complex action of heavy metals and nutrients does not lead to inhibition of phytoplankton, and the effect of acidification in combination with heavy metals enhances the toxic effect of the latter. A feature of the response to acidification is an increase in the variability of the dynamics of the biomass of phytoplankton. It has been shown that in different types of lakes of East Antarctica under severe climate conditions under light and biogenic limitation, redistribution of autotrophic components in the formation of the biota of water bodies occurs: against the background of a decrease in the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton, the role of microphytobenthos and periphyton increases.

Phytoplankton of cold-water lake ecosystems under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Sharov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

Based on the study of the spatio-temporal aspects of the development of phytoplankton in the lakes of the North and North-West of the European territory of Russia (large lakes – Imandra, Onega and Chudsko-Pskovskoye and small lakes of the Arctic and Subarctic), the features of its structure and dynamics under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors (eutrophication, heavy metal pollution, acidification, thermification). The species composition and quantitative characteristics of phytoplankton of large lakes of the North of Russia, small arctic lakes and lakes of subarctic regions are studied. It has been shown that diatoms predominate in arctic water bodies according to species diversity, and green and diatoms predominate in boreal ones. By biomass, diatoms dominate mainly in all cold-water lakes, with the exception of small arctic lakes, where golden algae lead. The features of the reorganization of phytoplankton in response to the action of anthropogenic factors are revealed. It is proved that in the northern water bodies the complex action of heavy metals and nutrients does not lead to inhibition of phytoplankton, and the effect of acidification in combination with heavy metals enhances the toxic effect of the latter. A feature of the response to acidification is an increase in the variability of the dynamics of the biomass of phytoplankton. It has been shown that in different types of lakes of East Antarctica under severe climate conditions under light and biogenic limitation, redistribution of autotrophic components in the formation of the biota of water bodies occurs: against the background of a decrease in the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton, the role of microphytobenthos and periphyton increases.

Phytoplankton of cold-water lake ecosystems under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Sharov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

Based on the study of the spatio-temporal aspects of the development of phytoplankton in the lakes of the North and North-West of the European territory of Russia (large lakes – Imandra, Onega and Chudsko-Pskovskoye and small lakes of the Arctic and Subarctic), the features of its structure and dynamics under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors (eutrophication, heavy metal pollution, acidification, thermification). The species composition and quantitative characteristics of phytoplankton of large lakes of the North of Russia, small arctic lakes and lakes of subarctic regions are studied. It has been shown that diatoms predominate in arctic water bodies according to species diversity, and green and diatoms predominate in boreal ones. By biomass, diatoms dominate mainly in all cold-water lakes, with the exception of small arctic lakes, where golden algae lead. The features of the reorganization of phytoplankton in response to the action of anthropogenic factors are revealed. It is proved that in the northern water bodies the complex action of heavy metals and nutrients does not lead to inhibition of phytoplankton, and the effect of acidification in combination with heavy metals enhances the toxic effect of the latter. A feature of the response to acidification is an increase in the variability of the dynamics of the biomass of phytoplankton. It has been shown that in different types of lakes of East Antarctica under severe climate conditions under light and biogenic limitation, redistribution of autotrophic components in the formation of the biota of water bodies occurs: against the background of a decrease in the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton, the role of microphytobenthos and periphyton increases.

Phytoplankton of cold-water lake ecosystems under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Sharov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

Based on the study of the spatio-temporal aspects of the development of phytoplankton in the lakes of the North and North-West of the European territory of Russia (large lakes – Imandra, Onega and Chudsko-Pskovskoye and small lakes of the Arctic and Subarctic), the features of its structure and dynamics under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors (eutrophication, heavy metal pollution, acidification, thermification). The species composition and quantitative characteristics of phytoplankton of large lakes of the North of Russia, small arctic lakes and lakes of subarctic regions are studied. It has been shown that diatoms predominate in arctic water bodies according to species diversity, and green and diatoms predominate in boreal ones. By biomass, diatoms dominate mainly in all cold-water lakes, with the exception of small arctic lakes, where golden algae lead. The features of the reorganization of phytoplankton in response to the action of anthropogenic factors are revealed. It is proved that in the northern water bodies the complex action of heavy metals and nutrients does not lead to inhibition of phytoplankton, and the effect of acidification in combination with heavy metals enhances the toxic effect of the latter. A feature of the response to acidification is an increase in the variability of the dynamics of the biomass of phytoplankton. It has been shown that in different types of lakes of East Antarctica under severe climate conditions under light and biogenic limitation, redistribution of autotrophic components in the formation of the biota of water bodies occurs: against the background of a decrease in the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton, the role of microphytobenthos and periphyton increases.

scholarly journals Personal fund of hydropower engineer S. V. Grigoriev of the Museum-archive of the BCH KSC RAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4-2021) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
O. V. Shabalina ◽  
◽  
K. S. Kazakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Study ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Biographical Information ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
European North ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
History Of

The article presents materials from the personal fund of the largest hydropower engineer of the North-West of the USSR S. V. Grigoriev, belonging to the Museum-Archive of History of Studying and Exploration of the European North of the Barents Centre of Humanities of the KSC RAS. The personal documents of the scientist and the practitioner are sources of biographical information given in the article and potential sources for research in the field of the history of the scientific study of water bodies, rivers and the development of hydropower in the Arctic.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Distributions of Ecological Vulnerability under the Influence of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors in an Eco-Province under Construction in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Ding ◽  
Xun Shi ◽  
Dafang Zhuang ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Irrigation Channel ◽  
The North ◽  
Ecological Vulnerability ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

Ecological vulnerability evaluations can provide a scientific foundation for ecological environment management. Studies of ecological vulnerability have mainly focused on typical ecologically vulnerable regions with poor natural conditions or severe human interference, and such studies have rarely considered eco-provinces. Taking Jiangsu, an eco-province under construction in China, as the study area, we evaluated the spatiotemporal distributions of ecological vulnerability in 2005, 2010 and 2015 at the kilometer grid scale and analyzed the effects of natural and anthropogenic factors on ecological vulnerability. The pressure state response model (PSR), geographic information systems (GIS), spatial principal component analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and correlation analysis methods were used. The results of the study are as follows: (i) the effects of anthropogenic factors on ecological vulnerability are greater than those of natural factors, and landscape evenness and the land resource utilization degree are the main factors that influence ecological vulnerability. (ii) Jiangsu Province is generally lightly to moderately vulnerable. Slight vulnerability is mainly observed in areas with water bodies. Light vulnerability is concentrated in paddy fields between the Main Irrigation Channel of North Jiangsu and the Yangtze River. Medium, heavy and extreme vulnerability areas are mainly composed of arable and built-up land. Medium vulnerability is mainly distributed to the north of the Main Irrigation Channel of North Jiangsu; heavy vulnerability is scattered to the south of the Yangtze River and in north-western hilly areas; and extreme vulnerability is concentrated in hilly areas; (iii) Ecological vulnerability displays a clustering characteristic. High-high (HH) regions are mainly distributed in heavy and extreme vulnerability regions, and low-low (LL) regions are located in slight vulnerability areas. (iv) Ecological vulnerability has gradually deteriorated. From 2005 to 2010, the vulnerability in hilly areas considerably increased, and from 2010 to 2015, the vulnerability in urban and north-eastern coastal built-up land areas significantly increased. Emphasis should be placed on the prevention and control of ecological vulnerability in high-altitude, urban and coastal areas.

Bottom Sediments of Arctic Lakes as Indicators of Mercury Biogeochemical Migration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury Tatsiy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Transboundary Transport

<p>Studies of dated cores of bottom sediments from Arctic lakes to determine flows and the history of sedimentation of heavy metals have been carried out since the beginning of the 90s. This is largely due to the need to understand the spatial and temporal trends of pollution in the Arctic and the ways of influencing wildlife and people, especially in a changing climate. Arctic lakes are sensitive indicators of global changes in the environment and climate, as well as the effects of regional and transboundary transport of pollutants. Bottom sediments of Arctic lakes that are not subject to direct anthropogenic influences are a kind of paleoclimatic and paleogeochemical archives that contain information about biogeochemical processes on the catchment and in the reservoir itself, informatively reflect environmental changes.</p><p>Arctic mercury is of particular interest. Besides the fact that this metal is an element of the first hazard class, it is a global pollutant. Unfortunately, the published data on mercury in the bottom sediments of Arctic lakes are much less than for other heavy metals. To some extent, this is due to analytical problems in determining low mercury levels.</p><p>The aim of the research is to assess the dynamics of sedimentation of mercury and identify a possible anthropogenic contribution to the period of industrial activity.</p><p>The results of research of mercury distribution in sediments are presented for cores from five Arctic lakes – NARY_1-2 (Malozemelskaya tundra), NARY_2-4 and 9-1 (Lovetsky Island, the mouth of the Pechora River), Langtibejto (Yamal Peninsula) and Gol’tsovoe (Gydan Peninsula). Sedimentation rates were estimated using 210Pb and 137Cs geochronology. Chemical composition, granulometry and loss on ignition were determined layer by layer for all sediment cores.</p><p>The layer-by-layer analysis of all cores of bottom sediments showed that the distribution of mercury differs significantly from the distribution of other elements by a significantly stronger enrichment of the surface layers. The nature of this distribution in column NARY1_2 coincides with both the beginning of the industrial period (end of the 19th century) and the beginning of the work of the Norilsk industrial complex.</p><p>Enrichment of the surface layer of sediments can be caused not only by transboundary transport of mercury, but also by an increased content of organic matter in the upper horizons of sediments.</p><p>The nature of the distribution of mercury along the length of the columns and the distribution over fractions with different particle sizes showed that the finest fraction does not always determine the total concentration in the slice. At the same time, large particles (> 0.2 mm) with a high mercury concentration are present in the columns.</p><p>The data obtained show that, unlike other elements, the studied lakes are conditionally background for mercury.</p><p>This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project 18-17-00184)</p>

scholarly journals Enhancement of the North Atlantic CO<sub>2</sub> sink by Arctic Waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1689-1701
Author(s):  
Jon Olafsson ◽  
Solveig R. Olafsdottir ◽  
Taro Takahashi ◽  
Magnus Danielsen ◽  
Thorarinn S. Arnarson
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Thermohaline Circulation ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Co2 Sink ◽  
The One

Abstract. The North Atlantic north of 50∘ N is one of the most intense ocean sink areas for atmospheric CO2 considering the flux per unit area, 0.27 Pg-C yr−1, equivalent to −2.5 mol C m−2 yr−1. The northwest Atlantic Ocean is a region with high anthropogenic carbon inventories. This is on account of processes which sustain CO2 air–sea fluxes, in particular strong seasonal winds, ocean heat loss, deep convective mixing, and CO2 drawdown by primary production. The region is in the northern limb of the global thermohaline circulation, a path for the long-term deep-sea sequestration of carbon dioxide. The surface water masses in the North Atlantic are of contrasting origins and character, with the northward-flowing North Atlantic Drift, a Gulf Stream offspring, on the one hand and on the other hand the cold southward-moving low-salinity Polar and Arctic waters with signatures from Arctic freshwater sources. We have studied by observation the CO2 air–sea flux of the relevant water masses in the vicinity of Iceland in all seasons and in different years. Here we show that the highest ocean CO2 influx is to the Arctic and Polar waters, respectively, -3.8±0.4 and -4.4±0.3 mol C m−2 yr−1. These waters are CO2 undersaturated in all seasons. The Atlantic Water is a weak or neutral sink, near CO2 saturation, after poleward drift from subtropical latitudes. These characteristics of the three water masses are confirmed by data from observations covering 30 years. We relate the Polar Water and Arctic Water persistent undersaturation and CO2 influx to the excess alkalinity derived from Arctic sources. Carbonate chemistry equilibrium calculations clearly indicate that the excess alkalinity may support at least 0.058 Pg-C yr−1, a significant portion of the North Atlantic CO2 sink. The Arctic contribution to the North Atlantic CO2 sink which we reveal was previously unrecognized. However, we point out that there are gaps and conflicts in the knowledge about the Arctic alkalinity and carbonate budgets and that future trends in the North Atlantic CO2 sink are connected to developments in the rapidly warming and changing Arctic. The results we present need to be taken into consideration for the following question: will the North Atlantic continue to absorb CO2 in the future as it has in the past?

scholarly journals The impact of technogenesis and economic activities of the indigenous peoples of the North Russia on the environmental status of the Yamal region

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 06012
Author(s):  
Sergei Petrov ◽  
Natali Mamaeva ◽  
Maksim Narushko
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The North ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Original Habitat ◽  
The Impact

The article studies the issue of the protection of the land and the coastal part of the Kara Sea and the role of specially protected natural territories, trading posts of small indigenous peoples of the North (SIPN) located within the boundaries of the state biological reserve of regional importance Yamalskiy. It is shown that the consolidation of administrative and production resources and academic science in order to study the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the biogeocenosis of the Arctic and the sociogenesis of the peoples of the North will allow solving specific tasks of developing and using the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and preserving the ethnic and cultural development of the SIPN, protecting their original habitat and traditional lifestyle.

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