Spatial distribution of U-Pb ages across a basement uplift in the Northern Andes and its implications for the interpretation of the detrital record in adjacent basins.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose R. Sandoval ◽  
Nicolas Perez-Consuegra ◽  
Ricardo A. Gomez ◽  
Andres Mora ◽  
Mauricio Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Foreland Basins ◽  
Provenance Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
Amazonian Craton

<p>Foreland basins represent a unique record of the evolution of mountain building processes in the adjacent hinterland. In the southern Colombian Andes and the adjacent foreland basin (i.e. Caguán-Putumayo Basin) no detrital U-Pb and heavy mineral studies have been conducted. This is due to the fact that the geochronological characterization of the basement rocks is poor, complicating the interpretation of source areas for provenance analysis.  Here we present a complete provenance study using U-Pb and Heavy mineral data. In order to gain a better understanding of the spatial distribution of the different potential basement sources we planned a characterization of the different basement provinces west of the Caguan-Putumayo basin. Here we present results from samples of active sediments (N=21), basements (N=16) and sedimentary rocks (N=4) older than Cretaceous. This characterization allowed the identification of eight (8) different domains with different age ranges. (1) The southern part of the Central Cordillera with populations of 150 - 250 m.y., (2) Southern part of the eastern flank of the Eastern Cordillera with ages around 150 - 180 m.y., (3) south of the Garzón Massif with age ranges between 1000 - 1150 m.y, (4) north of the Garzón Massif where rocks of 1500 m.y. dominate, (5) Paleozoic sedimentary rocks above the basement to the north of the Garzón Massif and the Serrania de la Macarena with a distinct population of 1300 m.y, (6). The basement of the Serrania de la Macarena with ages between 1650-1800 m, (7). The Serranía de Lindosa with ages around 500 m.y and (8). Amazonian Craton with ages between 1500 - 2000 m.y. Additionally, the relationship between Epidotes and Garnets displays a special behavior in each area. The provinces related to the Garzon Massif have a high amount of Garnets and low amount of Epidotes. On the other hand, the behavior of the areas away from the Garzon Massif is different. Based on the U-Pb detrital signal and the Epidote/Garnet relationship, we suggest that the stratigraphic intervals where we observe ages between 1000 and 1150 m.y. for the first time and high Garnet contents reflect uplift peaks of the Garzon Massif.</p>

scholarly journals Volcanism and Volcanogenic Submarine Sedimentation in the Paleogene Foreland Basins of the Alps: Reassessing the Source-to-Sink Systems with an Actualist View

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Andrea Di Capua ◽  
Federica Barilaro ◽  
Gianluca Groppelli
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Foreland Basins ◽  
The North ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Alpine Foreland ◽  
Alpine Foreland Basin ◽  
Tectonic Lineament ◽  
First Time

This work critically reviews the Eocene–Oligocene source-to-sink systems accumulating volcanogenic sequences in the basins around the Alps. Through the years, these volcanogenic sequences have been correlated to the plutonic bodies along the Periadriatic Fault System, the main tectonic lineament running from West to East within the axis of the belt. Starting from the large amounts of data present in literature, for the first time we present an integrated 4D model on the evolution of the sediment pathways that once connected the magmatic sources to the basins. The magmatic systems started to develop during the Eocene in the Alps, supplying detritus to the Adriatic Foredeep. The progradation of volcanogenic sequences in the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin is subsequent and probably was favoured by the migration of the magmatic systems to the North and to the West. At around 30 Ma, the Northern Apennine Foredeep also was fed by large volcanogenic inputs, but the palinspastic reconstruction of the Adriatic Foredeep, together with stratigraphic and petrographic data, allows us to safely exclude the Alps as volcanogenic sources. Beyond the regional case, this review underlines the importance of a solid stratigraphic approach in the reconstruction of the source-to-sink system evolution of any basin.

scholarly journals 3D lithostratigraphic model of the Paleogene of the onshore part of the Moesian Platform (Northeast Bulgaria)

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Boris Valchev ◽  
Dimitar Sachkov ◽  
Sava Juranov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Eastern Slope ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Moesian Platform ◽  
Regional Tectonic ◽  
Model Database ◽  
The Individual

The Paleogene sedimentary rocks in the north-easternmost part of the territory of Bulgaria have been penetrated by numerous boreholes. In terms of regional tectonic zonation, the study area is a part of the onshore sector of the Moesian Platform, which partly includes the South Dobrogea Unit and the easternmost part of the North Bulgarian Dome with its eastern slope. The lithostratigraphy of the Paleogene successions consists of six formal units (the Komarevo, Beloslav, Dikilitash, Aladan, Avren, and Ruslar formations) and one informal unit (glauconitic marker). For compiling an overall conception of the regional aspects (lithology, thickness, spatial distribution, and relationships) of the individual lithostratigraphic units and for illustration of their spatial distribution, a 3D lithostratigraphic model based on reinterpretation of individual borehole sections has been created. The model database was compiled by integration of the original lithological data from 338 borehole sections.

scholarly journals Multimineral Fingerprinting of Transhimalayan and Himalayan Sources of Indus-Derived Thal Desert Sand (Central Pakistan)

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendong Liang ◽  
Eduardo Garzanti ◽  
Sergio Andò ◽  
Paolo Gentile ◽  
Alberto Resentini
Keyword(s):  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Mineral Species ◽  
Provenance Analysis ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Desert Sand

As a Quaternary repository of wind-reworked Indus River sand at the entry point in the Himalayan foreland basin, the Thal Desert in northern Pakistan stores mineralogical information useful to trace erosion patterns across the western Himalayan syntaxis and the adjacent orogenic segments that fed detritus into the Indus delta and huge deep-sea fan throughout the Neogene. Provenance analysis of Thal Desert sand was carried out by applying optical and semi-automated Raman spectroscopy on heavy-mineral suites of four eolian and 11 fluvial sand samples collected in selected tributaries draining one specific tectonic domain each in the upper Indus catchment. In each sample, the different types of amphibole, garnet, epidote and pyroxene grains—the four dominant heavy-mineral species in orogenic sediment worldwide—were characterized by SEM-EDS spectroscopy. The chemical composition of 4249 grains was thus determined. Heavy-mineral concentration, the relative proportion of heavy-mineral species, and their minerochemical fingerprints indicate that the Kohistan arc has played the principal role as a source, especially of pyroxene and epidote. Within the western Himalayan syntaxis undergoing rapid exhumation, the Southern Karakorum belt drained by the Hispar River and the Nanga Parbat massif were revealed as important sources of garnet, amphibole, and possibly epidote. Sediment supply from the Greater Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, and Subhimalaya is dominant only for Punjab tributaries that join the Indus River downstream and do not contribute sand to the Thal Desert. The detailed compositional fingerprint of Thal Desert sand, if contrasted with that of lower course tributaries exclusively draining the Himalaya, provides a semi-actualistic key to be used, in conjunction with complementary provenance datasets and geological information, to reconstruct changes in paleodrainage and unravel the relationship between climatic and tectonic forces that controlled the erosional evolution of the western Himalayan-Karakorum orogen in space and time.

Progressive accretion recorded in sedimentary rocks of the 3.28−3.23 Ga Fig Tree Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Drabon ◽  
Donald R. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Greenstone Belt ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Barberton Greenstone Belt ◽  
The North ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Fig Tree ◽  
Felsic Volcanic ◽  
Tree Group

One of the major challenges in early Earth geology is the interpretation of the nature of the crust and tectonic processes due to the limited exposures of Archean rocks. This question is predominantly addressed by numerical modeling, structural geology, geochemical analyses, and petrological approaches. Here we report on the reconstruction of one of the oldest, well-preserved volcano-sedimentary sequences on Earth, the 3.28−3.22 Ga Fig Tree Group in the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa, based on geochronology, provenance, and stratigraphy to provide new constraints on the nature of tectonic processes in the Archean. The Fig Tree basin was asymmetric and the onset of deposition varied across the greenstone belt. The Fig Tree Group is now preserved in east-west oriented bands of fault-bounded structural belts with those preserved in the southern parts of the greenstone belt showing an onset of deposition at 3.28 Ga, those in the center at 3.26 Ga, and those in the north at 3.24 Ga. Stratigraphically, the rocks display a general up-section trend from deeper to shallower-water deposition and/or from finer- to coarser-grained sedimentary rocks. Associated with this up-section stratigraphic trend, the sedimentary rocks show a change in provenance from more regionally similar to more locally variable, and an increase in felsic volcanic activity, especially toward the closure of Fig Tree deposition. The data is consistent with formation of the Fig Tree Group in a compressional tectonic setting by deposition in a foreland basin that experienced progressive accretion of crustal terranes onto a northward prograding fold-and-thrust belt.

Detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf isotopes study of the Longshoushan Belt in the southwestern margin of the Alxa Block: Constraints on the tectonic evolution and affinity of the Alxa Block

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingna Liu ◽  
Changqing Yin ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Jiahui Qian ◽  
Kaiyuan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China Craton ◽  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
North China ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Hexi Corridor ◽  
Detrital Zircons ◽  
The North ◽  
Southwestern Margin ◽  
North Qilian

<p>     The tectonic evolution and affinity of the Alxa Block has long been controversial. The NW-SE trending Longshoushan Belt is in the southwestern margin of the Alxa Block, separated the Qilian Block. In this study, we present zircon U-Pb and Hf-isotope data of the middle and eastern Longshoushan, which could constrain the provenance and formation age of the Longshoushan Belt, and further constrain the tectonic evolution and affinity of the Alxa Block. The U-Pb ages of the detrital zircons from the amphibolite-facies metamorphosed volcanic-sedimentary rocks of the middle Longshoushan range from 3006 to 1981 Ma (peak at 2010 Ma), which were consistent with the Alxa Block and the western North China Craton, indicating that the middle Longshoushan was deposited in the Palaeoproterozoic, not in the Archean, and had tectonic affinity with the Alxa Block and the western North China Carton. Combined with the identical crustal growth events at 2.4-2.5 Ga of the middle Longshoushan, the Alxa Block and the western North China Craton, the Alxa Block was an integrated part of the Western Block of the North China Craton. The U-Pb ages of the detrital zircons from the greenschist-facies metamorphosed volcanic-sedimentary rocks of the eastern Longshoushan range from 3389 to 529 Ma (peak at 2.5 Ga and 1.0 Ga), which were highly consistent with Hexi Corridor, indicating that the eastern Longshoushan was deposited in the Cambrian, and had an affinity with the Hexi Corridor. In the Early Palaeozoic, the North Qilian Ocean subducted the Alxa Block and formed a typical trench-arc-basin system. With the closure of the North Qilian Ocean, the Central Qilian Block collided with the Alxa Block, formed the eastern Longshoushan, which was a foreland basin in the Hexi Corridor.</p>

X.—The Pre-Devonian Basement Complex of Central Spitsbergen

1922 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Tyrrell
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Basement Complex ◽  
East Central ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
The North ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Sedimentary Succession

The more or less flat-lying sedimentary rocks that build up the plateau country of the northern, central, and eastern parts of Spitsbergen range in age from Downtonian to Tertiary. The rocks with which it is proposed to deal in this paper constitute the basement underlying this sedimentary succession in the east central part of Spitsbergen, in the region at the head, and to the east, of Klaas Billen Bay, the north-eastern branch of the Ice Fiord (Map, fig. I). An extension of these basement rocks is to be found in the mountains east of Wijde Bay, and similar rocks are to be found in other parts of Spitsbergen, notably in the western mountain ranges. Formations up to the Tertiary, as well as the Pre-Devonian, are involved in the folding of these western ranges; but the rocks dealt with in this paper may be designated as older than the oldest unfolded rocks in the country.

scholarly journals Riverbed-material texture and composition of Bishnumati River, Kathmandu, Nepal; implications in provenance analysis

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Naresh Kazi Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Granite Gneiss ◽  
Sixth Order ◽  
Provenance Analysis ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
Sandy Gravel ◽  
The North ◽  
Parent Rocks ◽  
Material Texture ◽  
Bagmati River

The Bishnumati River, a major tributary of the Bagmati River in the Kathmandu Basin, is a low-gradient, low-sinuosity river with a short high-gradient head. The tributaries contributing the Bishnumati River supply sediments from granite-gneiss sources located towards the north of the river area, and from sedimentary rocks of the Phulchoki Group from the northwest and the west of the Bishnumati watershed. Four representative segments each from third, fourth, fifth and sixth order stretches were sampled and analysed for riverbed-material size, and gravel shape and composition, to characterise riverbed materials, to understand downstream distribution of shape, size and composition of sediments, and to understand provenance of riverbed materials. The D50 of the segments 1, 2, 3 and 4 are 25.11 mm, 0.871 mm, 3.75 mm and 27.86 mm, respectively. The riverbed materials are classified as Gravel, muddy sandy Gravel and muddy Gravel, which are very poorly sorted indicating textural immaturity. Gravels are compact bladed in form. Oblate prolate index (OPI) shows more oblate nature of gravels from downstream segments (sixth order stream). Gravels have high settling sphericity (0.6-0.8) and slightly higher flatness index (0.51-0.54). They are subrounded to rounded although there exist some angular to well rounded gravels. Downstream changes in shape parameters are not remarkable perhaps because of short distance of transport, insufficient abrasion, or durability of gneissic and granitic clasts, or quick transport of gravels during floods. Shape also seems to be influenced more by inherited properties of parent rocks. The gravels from sedimentary rocks increase from the upstream to downstream sites of the river at the expense of reduction of gneissic and granitic gravels. Existence of siltstone and sandstone gravels in the fifth (Segment 2) and forth order (Segment 3) mainstreams is remarkable as there is no primary parent source upstream of these segments. Existence of sedimentary gravels shows local provenance (fluvio-deltaic terrace deposits) and perhaps suggests existence of paleodrainage system different from the present   doi: 10.3126/bdg.v12i0.2250 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 12, 2009, pp. 55-62

scholarly journals Heavy-mineral provenance signatures during the infill and uplift of a foreland basin: An example from the Jaca basin (southern Pyrenees, Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1747-1769
Author(s):  
Xavier Coll ◽  
David Gómez-Gras ◽  
Marta Roigé ◽  
Antonio Teixell ◽  
Salva Boya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Central Pyrenees

ABSTRACT In the Jaca foreland basin (southern Pyrenees), two main sediment routing systems merge from the late Eocene to the early Miocene, providing an excellent example of interaction of different source areas with distinct petrographic signatures. An axially drained fluvial system, with its source area located in the eastern Central Pyrenees, is progressively replaced by a transverse-drained system that leads to the recycling of the older turbiditic foredeep. Aiming to provide new insights into the source-area evolution of the Jaca foreland basin, we provide new data on heavy-mineral suites, from the turbiditic underfilled stage to the youngest alluvial-fan systems of the Jaca basin, and integrate the heavy-mineral signatures with available sandstone petrography. Our results show a dominance of the ultrastable Ap-Zrn-Tur-Rt assemblage through the entire basin evolution. However, a late alluvial sedimentation stage brings an increase in other more unstable heavy minerals, pointing to specific source areas belonging to the Axial and the North Pyrenean Zone and providing new insights into the response of the heavy-mineral suites to sediment recycling. Furthermore, we assess the degree of diagenetic overprint vs. provenance signals and infer that the loss of unstable heavy minerals due intrastratal dissolution is negligible at least in the Peña Oroel and San Juan de la Peña sections. Finally, we provide new evidence to the idea that during the late Eocene the water divide of the transverse drainage system was located in the North Pyrenean Zone, and areas constituted by the Paleozoic basement were exposed in the west-Central Pyrenees at that time. Our findings provide new insights into the heavy-mineral response in recycled foreland basins adjacent to fold-and-thrust belts.

Sediment provenance analysis of the Permian from the Perth Basin using an automated Raman heavy mineral technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Stuart Munday ◽  
Anne Forbes ◽  
Brenton Fairey ◽  
Juliane Hennig-Breitfeld ◽  
Tim Breitfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Sediment Provenance ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Provenance Analysis ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Mineral Data ◽  
Provenance Variations

The Early Permian in the onshore Perth Basin has experienced several significant discoveries in the last 8 years. Beginning with the play-opening Waitsia discovery (AWE), this was followed more recently by the Beharra Springs Deep (Beach Energy) and West Erregulla (Strike) discoveries. In addition, Late Permian sands (Dongara and Wagina sandstones) have long been recognised as excellent reservoirs in the basin. This study attempts to better understand the provenance of the Early and Late Permian sediments using automated Raman spectroscopy as a tool to identify variations in heavy mineral assemblages. Automated Raman spectroscopy analysis of heavy minerals minimises operator bias inherent in more traditional optical heavy mineral analyses. These data are integrated with publicly available chemostratigraphy data to enable a better understanding of sediment provenance variations with stratigraphy. In addition, publicly available detrital zircon geochronological data are incorporated to help further understand sediment sources. A transect of wells is investigated, from Arrowsmith-1 in the southernmost extent to Depot Hill-1 and Mt Horner-1 in the north. While the elemental (chemostratigraphy) data suggest some changes in sediment provenance through the Permian of the Perth Basin, the Raman heavy mineral data confirm a number of sediment provenance changes both at key formational boundaries (e.g. top Kingia sandstone) and complex sediment provenance variation within reservoir sandstone units. These results are integrated to demonstrate how sediment provenance holds the key to understanding controls on variable reservoir quality as well as understanding the early infill in this basin.

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