Multi-Sensor Multi-Satellite Remote Sensing of Drought Analysis with Multi-Sectoral Impacts and Multi-Scale Vulnerability in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasin Jirasirirak ◽  
Aksara Putthividhya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Multi Scale

<p>Drought monitoring and assessment is critical considering the immense costs and impacts Thailand has been experiencing these days.  Deficit in precipitation is typically referred to as meteorological drought.  While deficit in soil moisture (i.e., below average moisture in the soil) is known as agricultural drought.  Hydrological drought corresponds to a deficit in runoff or groundwater resources. Socio-economic drought (also known as anthropogenic drought) refers to water stress intensified by human activities and increase water demands.  Our long-term research in ground observation drought monitoring and assessment has been integrated with remotely sensed precipitation and soil moisture information necessary for the computation of extensively used drought indicators, such as Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) using widely available satellite-based precipitation products including PERSIANN, TRMM, GSMaP, and IMERG to demonstrate the multidimensional and multi-sectoral impacts of change in rainfall patterns which is directly linked to drought assessment.  Long-term satellite-based soil moisture time series obtained from NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission have been employed for drought detection from provided near real-time top soil moisture estimates in accordance with The Gravity Recover and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission.  Preliminary results indicate that multi-sensor multi-satellite remotely sensing data can enhance soil moisture mapping and its long-term spatial and temporal trends match well with change in terrestrial water storage and groundwater storage of the country.   This approach can provide more robust and integrated measure of drought based on wider range of satellite observations such as precipitation, soil moisture, total water storage anomalies, groundwater storage change, offering the opportunities to investigate droughts from different viewpoints. Drought monitoring scheme developed in this work can serve as a supporting tool for water resources and climate change policy making.  It can contribute to improve understanding on potential impacts of climate change, multi-sectoral linkages, multi-scale vulnerability, and adaptation programs.   </p>

Drought monitoring in the Ebro basin: comparison of Soil Moisture and Vegetation anomalies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Jose Escorihuela ◽  
Pere Quintana Quintana-Seguí ◽  
Vivien Stefan ◽  
Jaime Gaona
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Ebro Basin ◽  
Soil Moisture Data

<p>Drought is a major climatic risk resulting from complex interactions between the atmosphere, the continental surface and water resources management. Droughts have large socioeconomic impacts and recent studies show that drought is increasing in frequency and severity due to the changing climate.</p><p>Drought is a complex phenomenon and there is not a common understanding about drought definition. In fact, there is a range of definitions for drought. In increasing order of severity, we can talk about: meteorological drought is associated to a lack of precipitation, agricultural drought, hydrological drought and socio-economic drought is when some supply of some goods and services such as energy, food and drinking water are reduced or threatened by changes in meteorological and hydrological conditions. 
</p><p>A number of different indices have been developed to quantify drought, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The most commonly used are based on precipitation such as the precipitation standardized precipitation index (SPI; McKee et al., 1993, 1995), on precipitation and temperature like the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI; Palmer 1965), others rely on vegetation status like the crop moisture index (CMI; Palmer, 1968) or the vegetation condition index (VCI; Liu and Kogan, 1996). Drought indices can also be derived from climate prediction models outputs. Drought indices base on remote sensing based have traditionally been limited to vegetation indices, notably due to the difficulty in accurately quantifying precipitation from remote sensing data. The main drawback in assessing drought through vegetation indices is that the drought is monitored when effects are already causing vegetation damage. In order to address drought in their early stages, we need to monitor it from the moment the lack of precipitation occurs.</p><p>Thanks to recent technological advances, L-band (21 cm, 1.4 GHz) radiometers are providing soil moisture fields among other key variables such as sea surface salinity or thin sea ice thickness. Three missions have been launched: the ESA’s SMOS was the first in 2009 followed by Aquarius in 2011 and SMAP in 2015.</p><p>A wealth of applications and science topics have emerged from those missions, many being of operational value (Kerr et al. 2016, Muñoz-Sabater et al. 2016, Mecklenburg et al. 2016). Those applications have been shown to be key to monitor the water and carbon cycles. Over land, soil moisture measurements have enabled to get access to root zone soil moisture, yield forecasts, fire and flood risks, drought monitoring, improvement of rainfall estimates, etc.</p><p>The advent of soil moisture dedicated missions (SMOS, SMAP) paves the way for drought monitoring based on soil moisture data. Initial assessment of a drought index based on SMOS soil moisture data has shown to be able to precede drought indices based on vegetation by 1 month (Albitar et al. 2013).</p><p>In this presentation we will be analysing different drought episodes in the Ebro basin using both soil moisture and vegetation based indices to compare their different performances and test the hypothesis that soil moisture based indices are earlier indicators of drought than vegetation ones.</p>

scholarly journals DROUGHT MONITORING OVER PADDY FIELD AREA IN INDRAMAYU DISTRICT, WEST JAVA USING REMOTELY SENSED INDICES

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parwati ◽  
Miao Jungang ◽  
Orbita Roswintiarti
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
West Java ◽  
Vegetation Health

In this research, several meteorological and agricultural drought indices based on remote sensing data are built for drought monitoring over paddy area in Indramayu District, West Java, Indonesia. The meteorological drought index of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is developed from monthly Outgoing Long Wave Radiation (OLR) data from 1980 to 2005. The SPI represents the deficient of precipitation. Meanwhile, the agricultural drought of Vegetation Health Index (VHI) was developed from daily Moderate-resolution ImagingSpectroradiometer (MODIS) data during dry season (May-August) 2003-2006. The VHI was designed to monitoring vegetation health, soil moisture, and thermal conditions. The result shows that the agricultural drought occurate in Indramayu District, especially in the northern and southern part during the dry season in 2003 and 2004. It is found that there is a strong correlation between VHI and soil moisture measured in the field (r=0.84). Key words:Agricultural drought, Meteorological drought, Standardized Precipitation Index, Temperature Condition Index, Vegetation Condition Index.

scholarly journals How Has Human-Induced Climate Change Affected California Drought Risk?

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyin Cheng ◽  
Martin Hoerling ◽  
Amir AghaKouchak ◽  
Ben Livneh ◽  
Xiao-Wei Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Moisture Availability

Abstract The current California drought has cast a heavy burden on statewide agriculture and water resources, further exacerbated by concurrent extreme high temperatures. Furthermore, industrial-era global radiative forcing brings into question the role of long-term climate change with regard to California drought. How has human-induced climate change affected California drought risk? Here, observations and model experimentation are applied to characterize this drought employing metrics that synthesize drought duration, cumulative precipitation deficit, and soil moisture depletion. The model simulations show that increases in radiative forcing since the late nineteenth century induce both increased annual precipitation and increased surface temperature over California, consistent with prior model studies and with observed long-term change. As a result, there is no material difference in the frequency of droughts defined using bivariate indicators of precipitation and near-surface (10 cm) soil moisture, because shallow soil moisture responds most sensitively to increased evaporation driven by warming, which compensates the increase in the precipitation. However, when using soil moisture within a deep root zone layer (1 m) as covariate, droughts become less frequent because deep soil moisture responds most sensitively to increased precipitation. The results illustrate the different land surface responses to anthropogenic forcing that are relevant for near-surface moisture exchange and for root zone moisture availability. The latter is especially relevant for agricultural impacts as the deep layer dictates moisture availability for plants, trees, and many crops. The results thus indicate that the net effect of climate change has made agricultural drought less likely and that the current severe impacts of drought on California’s agriculture have not been substantially caused by long-term climate changes.

scholarly journals Long-term variations in water storage in Peninsular Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1180-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pennan Chinnasamy ◽  
Revathi Ganapathy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Water

Abstract Information on ongoing climate change impacts on water availability is limited for Asian regions, particularly for Peninsular Malaysia. Annual flash floods are common during peak monsoon seasons, while the dry seasons are hit by droughts, leading to socio-economic stress. This study, for the first time, analyzed the long-term trends (14 years, from 2002 to 2014) in terrestrial water storage and groundwater storage for Peninsular Malaysia, using Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment data. Results indicate a decline in net terrestrial and groundwater storage over the last decade. Spatially, the northern regions are more affected by droughts, while the southern regions have more flash floods. Groundwater storage trends show strong correlations to the monsoon seasons, indicating that most of the shallow aquifer groundwater is used. Results also indicate that, with proper planning and management, excess monsoon/flash flood water can be stored in water storage structures up to the order of 87 billion liters per year. This can help in dry season water distribution and water transfer projects. Findings from this study can expand the understanding of ongoing climate change impacts on groundwater storage and terrestrial water storage, and can lead to better management of water resources in Peninsular Malaysia.

scholarly journals Long-term trends in agricultural droughts over Netherlands and Germany: how extreme was the year 2018?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Huang ◽  
Jonas Weis ◽  
Harry Vereecken ◽  
Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Moisture Index

Abstract. Droughts can have important impacts on environment and economy like in the year 2018 in parts of Europe. Droughts can be analyzed in terms of meteorological drought, agricultural drought, hydrological drought and social-economic drought. In this paper, we focus on meteorological and agricultural drought and analyzed drought trends for the period 1965–2019 and assessed how extreme the drought year 2018 was in Germany and the Netherlands. The analysis was made on the basis of the following drought indices: standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized soil moisture index (SSI), potential precipitation deficit (PPD) and ET deficit. SPI and SSI were computed at two time scales, the period April-September and a 12-months period. In order to analyze drought trends and the ranking of the year 2018, HYDRUS 1-D simulations were carried out for 31 sites with long-term meteorological observations and soil moisture, potential evapotranspiration (ET) and actual ET were determined for five soil types (clay, silt, loam, sandy loam and loamy sand). The results show that the year 2018 was severely dry, which was especially related to the highest potential ET in the time series 1965–2019, for most of the sites. For around half of the 31 sites the year 2018 had the lowest SSI, and largest PPD and ET-deficit in the 1965–2019 time series, followed by 1976 and 2003. The trend analysis reveals that meteorological drought (SPI) hardly shows significant trends over 1965–2019 over the studied domain, but agricultural droughts (SSI) are increasing, at several sites significantly, and at even more sites PPD and ET deficit show significant trends. The increasing droughts over Germany and Netherlands are mainly driven by increasing potential ET and increasing vegetation water demand.

scholarly journals On the utility of land surface models for agricultural drought monitoring

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 3451-3460 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Crow ◽  
S. V. Kumar ◽  
J. D. Bolten
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Global Evaluation ◽  
Land Surface Models ◽  
Surface Models

Abstract. The lagged rank cross-correlation between model-derived root-zone soil moisture estimates and remotely sensed vegetation indices (VI) is examined between January 2000 and December 2010 to quantify the skill of various soil moisture models for agricultural drought monitoring. Examined modeling strategies range from a simple antecedent precipitation index to the application of modern land surface models (LSMs) based on complex water and energy balance formulations. A quasi-global evaluation of lagged VI/soil moisture cross-correlation suggests, when globally averaged across the entire annual cycle, soil moisture estimates obtained from complex LSMs provide little added skill (< 5% in relative terms) in anticipating variations in vegetation condition relative to a simplified water accounting procedure based solely on observed precipitation. However, larger amounts of added skill (5–15% in relative terms) can be identified when focusing exclusively on the extra-tropical growing season and/or utilizing soil moisture values acquired by averaging across a multi-model ensemble.

scholarly journals Recent changes in terrestrial water storage in the Upper Nile Basin: an evaluation of commonly used gridded GRACE products

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 4533-4549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shamsudduha ◽  
Richard G. Taylor ◽  
Darren Jones ◽  
Laurent Longuevergne ◽  
Michael Owor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Lake Victoria Basin ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Substantial Uncertainty

Abstract. GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite data monitor large-scale changes in total terrestrial water storage (ΔTWS), providing an invaluable tool where in situ observations are limited. Substantial uncertainty remains, however, in the amplitude of GRACE gravity signals and the disaggregation of TWS into individual terrestrial water stores (e.g. groundwater storage). Here, we test the phase and amplitude of three GRACE ΔTWS signals from five commonly used gridded products (i.e. NASA's GRCTellus: CSR, JPL, GFZ; JPL-Mascons; GRGS GRACE) using in situ data and modelled soil moisture from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) in two sub-basins (LVB: Lake Victoria Basin; LKB: Lake Kyoga Basin) of the Upper Nile Basin. The analysis extends from January 2003 to December 2012, but focuses on a large and accurately observed reduction in ΔTWS of 83 km3 from 2003 to 2006 in the Lake Victoria Basin. We reveal substantial variability in current GRACE products to quantify the reduction of ΔTWS in Lake Victoria that ranges from 80 km3 (JPL-Mascons) to 69 and 31 km3 for GRGS and GRCTellus respectively. Representation of the phase in TWS in the Upper Nile Basin by GRACE products varies but is generally robust with GRGS, JPL-Mascons, and GRCTellus (ensemble mean of CSR, JPL, and GFZ time-series data), explaining 90, 84, and 75 % of the variance respectively in "in situ" or "bottom-up" ΔTWS in the LVB. Resolution of changes in groundwater storage (ΔGWS) from GRACE ΔTWS is greatly constrained by both uncertainty in changes in soil-moisture storage (ΔSMS) modelled by GLDAS LSMs (CLM, NOAH, VIC) and the low annual amplitudes in ΔGWS (e.g. 1.8–4.9 cm) observed in deeply weathered crystalline rocks underlying the Upper Nile Basin. Our study highlights the substantial uncertainty in the amplitude of ΔTWS that can result from different data-processing strategies in commonly used, gridded GRACE products; this uncertainty is disregarded in analyses of ΔTWS and individual stores applying a single GRACE product.

scholarly journals What can we learn from long-term groundwater data to improve climate change impact studies?

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 7621-7655 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Stoll ◽  
H. J. Hendricks Franssen ◽  
R. Barthel ◽  
W. Kinzelbach
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Climate Change Impact ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Groundwater Dynamics ◽  
Impact Studies ◽  
Change Impact

Abstract. Future risks for groundwater resources, due to global change are usually analyzed by driving hydrological models with the outputs of climate models. However, this model chain is subject to considerable uncertainties. Given the high uncertainties it is essential to identify the processes governing the groundwater dynamics, as these processes are likely to affect groundwater resources in the future, too. Information about the dominant mechanisms can be achieved by the analysis of long-term data, which are assumed to provide insight in the reaction of groundwater resources to changing conditions (weather, land use, water demand). Referring to this, a dataset of 30 long-term time series of precipitation dominated groundwater systems in northern Switzerland and southern Germany is collected. In order to receive additional information the analysis of the data is carried out together with hydrological model simulations. High spatio-temporal correlations, even over large distances could be detected and are assumed to be related to large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. As a result it is suggested to prefer innovative weather-type-based downscaling methods to other stochastic downscaling approaches. In addition, with the help of a qualitative procedure to distinguish between meteorological and anthropogenic causes it was possible to identify processes which dominated the groundwater dynamics in the past. It could be shown that besides the meteorological conditions, land use changes, pumping activity and feedback mechanisms governed the groundwater dynamics. Based on these findings, recommendations to improve climate change impact studies are suggested.

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