Development and Application of Dynamic Water resources Asesment Tol (DWAT)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheolhee Jang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
The Third ◽  
Han River ◽  
Hydrological Services

<p>The Dynamic Water Resources Asesment Tol (DWAT) acounts for water balance on dynamic (hourly or daily) as wel as static (monthly or yearly) bases. It can be aplied to a smal or a mid-sized basin for water resources planing and management with consideration of surface water as wel as groundwater. The DWAT clasifies a watershed into hydrologicaly homogeneous sub-basins so that runof characteristics resulting from geomorphological factors can be objectively represented, and infiltration, evaporation and groundwater flows can be simulated acording to soil layers. In aditon, as the physical input parameters can be easily extracted by the GIS preprocesing module within the system, it can be aplied to areas in various hydrological, geophysical and climatic conditons, such as tropical, rural, forest or newly developed urban areas. The DWAT has ben developed in Korea Instiute of Civil Enginering and Building Technology (KICT) since 2012 as a part of WMO (World Meteorological Organization) RA (Regional Asociation) II WGHS (Working Group on Hydrological Services) and CHy (Commision for Hydrology) AWG (Advisory Working Group) activites, and it has ben suported by the Han River Flod Control Ofice, Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea. The first version 1.0 beta of the DWAT was developed in the end of 2017, which contains sub-algorithms such as evapotranspiration, infiltration, watershed runof, groundwater flow, chanel routing and user convenience systems. In the midle of 2018, the second version 1.0 was developed with the aditon of rice pady field, snowmelt and manual/automatic parameter optimization modules. In May 2019, the third version of 1.1 was developed in consideration of the recommendations made by the WMO panel of experts.</p><div> <p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p> <p><strong> This research is supported by the Research Program (20200041-001) of Korea Institute of Civil Engineering & Building Technology </strong></p> </div><div> </div>

scholarly journals Water resources and groundwater quality in North Peloponnesus (Greece)

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-353 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
High Water ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Management Scheme

Groundwater plays an important role for urban and agricultural water supply in northern part of Peloponnesus. Despite increasing environmental awareness in this area, groundwater is a resource that is being stressed. Groundwater provides about 80% the total quantity of water supply. Distribution of water resources is nonhomogeneous in this region. In general the eastern part is semiarid, whereas the western part is supplied with abundant water. Surface water potential in North Peloponnesus estimated to be 0.9- 1.2x109 m3 y-1. Overexploitation of groundwater and the extensive agriculture has created environmental problems in some aquifers (sea water intrusion, nitrate pollution). Seawater intrusion occurs in some coastal aquifers, where negative water balance has been established. High percentage of the examined samples exceeded the maximum admissible nitrate concentration of 50 mg l-1, set by EU for drinking water. Groundwater in urban areas has been contaminated to varying degrees. The water quality is classified into Ca-HCO3 type (fresh water) and Na-HCO3 or Na-Cl type (brackish waters) in the coastal part, due to seawater intrusion. Some recommendations are made in order to safeguard high water quality and to develop new ways of providing water source in the study area. Moreover, an integrated and comprehensive management scheme should be applied, aiming at sustainability of water resources and based on surface water and groundwater exploitation, simultaneously.

scholarly journals Determination of constituents receipt Kakhovka Reservoir water balance

2017 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
O.S. Koryagina
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Probable Error ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Surface Water Flow

The study of the reservoirs is of great scientific interest and is of practical importance for the solution of problems of rational use and protection of water resources. The paper describes the latest reservoir in the cascade of Dnipro Kakhovka Reservoir and its component of water balance. The methods of determining the components of the water balance that were once offered the Kakhovka  hydrometeorological observatory are submitted. Great attention is drawn to the surface flow of water into the reservoir from unexplored rivers, which is determined by the method of analogy. The probable error of this method, in turn, is equal to for monthly values 30-50% and annual – 10-20%. So, there is provided somewhat different a method for determining the surface flow using the curve of security component amount of annual precipitation, maps of the norm runoff and tables SNiP 2.01.14.83. The proposed method simplifies and accelerates the process of calculating the amounts of surface water flow in unexplored rivers to Kakhovka reservoir.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF INDEX OF RESILIENCE FOR SURFACE WATER IN WATERSHEDS

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Diego Javier Ortega ◽  
David A. Pérez ◽  
Juliana H. P. Américo ◽  
Sergio L. De Carvalho ◽  
Jorge A. Segovia
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Resilience Index

This work aimed to propose an instrument to represent the sensitivity, fragility, adaptability and the risk of pollution of water resources, by measuring and identifying indexes and indicators that assign characteristics to a certain area (basin). This research consists of three steps: the first was based on the recollection of data needed to execute this proposal. The second, we applied the used indexes and indicators into this research. The third sought to determine, identify and understand the impacts produced, the fragility generated to ecosystems due to pollution levels found. Through this methodological proposal, we sought to know the changes of the resistance potential, the negative impact on aquatic ecosystems and the ease in which they can be self-Debug- water resources. It was indicated that the resilience index of surface water resources (IR), in which he presented are examples applied in two watersheds, highlighting that this index can be applied at any scale.

scholarly journals Change and cause analysis of water resources in Fengtai district of Beijing in recent 61a (from 1956 to 2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 02023
Author(s):  
Jing Qin ◽  
Wen-long Niu ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
Ling-yun Zhao ◽  
Wen-lian Gao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Optimal Dispatch ◽  
Surface Water Resources

The calculation of water resources is the fundamental basis for legitimate utilization, effective protection, optimal configuration and optimal dispatch of water resources. Affected by climate change, economic development, and population expansion, the amount of water resources in Fengtai district, one of the central urban areas of Beijing, has undergone major changes. By comparing the results of the second investigation and evaluation of water resources (1956-1998), the paper analyzes the dynamic changes and causes of surface water resources, ground water resources and total water resources in Fengtai district in recent 61a (1956-2016). The results show that the surface water resources of Fengtai district in recent 61a is 37.978 million m3, which is 2.572 million m3 less than the previous investigation; the ground water resources is 92.959 million m3, a decrease of 13.848 million m3; the total water resources is 104.981 million m3, which is 13.830 million m3 less than the previous investigation. The gradual reduction of regional atmospheric precipitation is the main cause of the decline in surface runoff and rainfall infiltration recharge. At the same time, the continuous water-cutting of Yongding River (the biggest inflow river in Fengtai) since 2000 and the anti-seepage project implemented in 2010 further reduced the infiltration of river infiltration .

scholarly journals Global 5-km resolution estimates of secondary evaporation including irrigation through satellite data assimilation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert I. J. M. van Dijk ◽  
Jaap Schellekens ◽  
Marta Yebra ◽  
Hylke E. Beck ◽  
Luigi J. Renzullo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Canopy Conductance ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Secondary Evaporation

Abstract. A portion of globally generated surface and groundwater resources evaporates from wetlands, water bodies and irrigated areas. This secondary evaporation of blue water directly affects the remaining water resources available for ecosystems and human use. At the global scale, a lack of detailed water balance studies and direct observations limits our understanding of the magnitude and spatial and temporal distribution of secondary evaporation. Here, we propose a methodology to assimilate satellite-derived information into the landscape hydrological model W3 at an unprecedented 0.05° or c. 5 km resolution globally. The assimilated data are all derived from MODIS observations, including surface water extent, surface albedo, vegetation cover, leaf area index, canopy conductance, and land surface temperature (LST). The information from these products is imparted on the model in a simple but efficient manner, through a combination of direct insertion of surface water extent, evaporation flux adjustment based on LST, and parameter nudging for the other observations. The resulting water balance estimates were evaluated against river basin discharge records and the water balance of closed basins and demonstrably improved water balance estimates compared to ignoring secondary evaporation (e.g., bias improved from +38 mm/d to +2 mm/d). The evaporation estimates derived from assimilation were combined with global mapping of irrigation crops to derive a minimum estimate of irrigation water requirements (I0), representative of optimal irrigation efficiency. Our I0 estimates were lower than published country-level estimates of irrigation water use produced by alternative estimation methods, for reasons that are discussed. We estimate that 16 % of globally generated water resources evaporate before reaching the oceans, enhancing total terrestrial evaporation by 6.1 • 1012 m3 y−1 or 8.8 %. Of this volume, 5 % is evaporated from irrigation areas, 58% from terrestrial water bodies and 37 % from other surfaces. Model-data assimilation at even higher spatial resolutions can achieve a further reduction in uncertainty but will require more accurate and detailed mapping of surface water dynamics and areas equipped for irrigation.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR WATER MANAGEMENT IN AGROLANDSCAPES

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Yu. O. Mikhailov ◽  
A. M. Shevchenko ◽  
Iu. Yu. Danylenko ◽  
S. M. Liutnytskyi ◽  
I. L. Goncharuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Available Volume

 Quantitative and qualitative depletion of water resources in Ukraine because of the increase in climate aridity make the problem of integrated surface and ground water management more urgent. The integrated management is based on the water balance of the territories, which automatically takes into account natural and artificial features of water use. The paper presents the results of a long term research aimed at resolving the problems of scientific support of integrated water resources management in Ukraine in the context of climate change. The plans for integrated water management are developed according to the administrative principle allowing optimization of the structure of water consumption and the assessment of available water resources capacity to meet water demand of the required quality without environmental risk for aquatic ecosystems and population. The surface and ground water in Ukraine have spatially homogeneous hydrochemical spectrum, which characterizes the concentration anions and cations in water and the nature of their change at different water exchange rates. Studies of hydrochemical spectrum have shown that its basic parameters are much higher for groundwater than for surface water. The results of the study on the spatial changes in the chemical composition of surface waters in the Dnipro river basin testify to the distinct homogeneity of their hydrochemical spectrum, which gives the reason to limit in practice observations of changes in the chemical composition of water to local points. As the experimental data are accumulated and the geospatial analysis of hydrochemical spectrum is made, the number of such points can be reduced ten times without significant negative impact on the reliability of the final results. It is possible to draw up a water balance with the use of correlation functions, the observance of which will guarantee the rational water resources use, based on their actual available volume and restrictions on the total water inflow, filtration losses, surface runoff (discharges). The water balance in the graphical representation is described by a linear function, which cuts the average of the sum of expendable elements on the ordinate axis over the entire observation period. The tangent of the slope of the graph represents the coefficient of water supply. The scope of this methodological approach's application is limited only by the availability of raw data. There are sufficient data from precipitation observations, water abstraction from all sources in volumes comparable to precipitation and more. It is also desirable to have observations of groundwater level fluctuations and air moisture deficit. The experimental research confirmed a high positive impact on the water resources formation made by forests, shelterbelts and meadows. In the humid zone it is possible to separate natural landscapes of wetlands and floodplains (60% of the territory), in the southern part - transitional landscapes that replace artificial agrolandscapes (40% of the territory). In arid climate conditions, the types of landscapes differ in the area of irrigated lands and the density of shelterbelts. Agrolandscapes are complex natural-technical systems. In most cases, when investigating their impact on the processes of formation and use of water, it is possible to operate a finite number of interconnected parts (subsystems). The purpose of such separation on subsystems is to obtain typical areas for which spatial structure of agricultural landscapes can be experimentally evaluated and the nature of its relationship with the factors of surface water resources formation can be determined. According to the assessment of water balance of rural territories, their water resources potential is equal to the sum of atmospheric precipitation and the volumes of water entering the balance space due to its withdraw for economic needs from surface and ground water bodies. When drawing up water balance for a hydrological year, water resources do not include precipitation, which is almost completely converted to river flow. The available volume of water for use should include the volume of water, the removal of which from natural or artificial circulation will not lead to negative environmental impacts or increase the cost of economic activity and restoration of fresh water bodies. The volume of water available for use is also limited by its qualitative indicators, which in turn are determined by its chemical composition (spectrum).

scholarly journals Analisis Ketersediaan Air Permukaan dan Proyeksi Kebutuhan Air DAS Bodri Tahun 2040

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Chafda Larasati ◽  
Aji Wijaya Abadi ◽  
M Galih Prakoso ◽  
Novanna Dwi S ◽  
Venny Vivid F ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Landuse Change ◽  
Calculation Of Parameters ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Total Water Demand

Abstrak Sumberdaya air penting untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan semua makhluk hidup termasuk manusia. DAS Bodri menyediakan suplai air permukaan melalui sungai-sungai yang ada dalam DAS, yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh penduduk sekitar. Seiring berjalannya waktu, DAS Bodri mengalami perubahan penggunaan lahan yang menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan kebutuhan air dan terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air permukaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, yaitu mengetahui keseimbangan antara kebutuhan air di masa yang akan datang dengan ketersediaan air permukaan di DAS Bodri tahun 2040. Perhitungan keseimbangan antara kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air permukaan dilakukan dengan membandingkan antara kebutuhan air total dan ketersediaan air permukaan. Parameter kebutuhan air total terdiri dari kebutuhan air domestik, fasilitas kesehatan, fasilitas pendidikan, fasilitas peribadatan, perkantoran, industri, pertokoan dan pasar, warung makan, peternakan, irigasi, dan tambak. Kebutuhan air di tahun mendatang diketahui melalui proyeksi secara eksponensial dan tetap dari data jumlah dalam perhitungan parameter. Kebutuhan air untuk aktivitas domestik dan nondomestik diestimasikan mencapai 2,44 miliar m3 pada tahun 2040. Hasil analisis neraca air menunjukkan bahwa status neraca air DAS Bodri tahun 2010-2019 mengalami defisiensi. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa potensi sumberdaya air permukaan masih belum mencukupi untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan air di DAS Bodri hingga tahun 2040. Abstract Water resources play an important role in meeting the needs of all living things, including humans. The Bodri watershed provides surface water supply through rivers on the watershed, which the local residents can use and utilize. Over time, the Bodri watershed underwent landuse change, which led to an increase in water demand, resulting in an imbalance between water demand and surface water availability. Calculation of the balance between demand and surface water availability is done by comparing the total water demand and the surface water availability. This study aims to determine the balance between future water demand and surface water availability in the Bodri watershed in 2040. The parameters used to determine total water demand consist of water needs of the following sectors; domestic, health facilities, educational facilities, religious facilities, offices, industry, shops and markets, food stalls, livestock, irrigation, and ponds. In the coming year, water demand is known through projections exponentially and permanently from the amount of data in the calculation of parameters. Water demand for domestic and non-domestic activities is estimated to reach 2.44 billion m3 in 2040. The water balance analysis results show that the status of the Bodri watershed water balance in 2010-2019 is deficient. The potential for surface water resources is still insufficient to meet the water needs in the Bodri watershed until 2040.  

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF INDEX OF RESILIENCE FOR SURFACE WATER IN WATERSHEDS

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Diego Javier Ortega ◽  
David A. Pérez ◽  
Juliana H. P. Américo ◽  
Sergio L. De Carvalho ◽  
Jorge A. Segovia
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Resilience Index

This work aimed to propose an instrument to represent the sensitivity, fragility, adaptability and the risk of pollution of water resources, by measuring and identifying indexes and indicators that assign characteristics to a certain area (basin). This research consists of three steps: the first was based on the recollection of data needed to execute this proposal. The second, we applied the used indexes and indicators into this research. The third sought to determine, identify and understand the impacts produced, the fragility generated to ecosystems due to pollution levels found. Through this methodological proposal, we sought to know the changes of the resistance potential, the negative impact on aquatic ecosystems and the ease in which they can be self-Debug- water resources. It was indicated that the resilience index of surface water resources (IR), in which he presented are examples applied in two watersheds, highlighting that this index can be applied at any scale.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Resources and Analysis of Safe Yield and Reliability of Surface Water Reservoirs of Asmara Water Supply System

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Kahsay N. Zeraebruk ◽  
Alfred O. Mayabi ◽  
John M. Gathenya
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Safe Yield

In a water supply system safe yield is the average annual volume that can be supplied to the system subject to an adopted set of operational rules and a typical demand pattern without violating a given level of service standard. It is dependent upon storage and hydrologic (rainfall/runoff/evaporation) characteristics of the sources, the source facilities, upstream and downstream permitted withdrawals and minimum in-stream flow requirements.For effective operation and management of a water supply system, it is important to have knowledge of water balance of the reservoirs and estimate their safe yield at a certain level of reliability. In this study, to assess water resources potential of existing surface water sources and new catchments and estimate the water balance of the water supply system, the hydrologic simulation model, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was utilized. The model was calibrated and validated successfully. The safe yield and corresponding reliability of reservoirs were estimated using a deterministic water balance model. The results of the water balance analysis and projected water demand were used to assess existing water supply situation and challenges in future. The assessment indicated that the gap between demand and supply at high population growth rate scenario is wide and very critical.To close the gap between the available water supply and the increasing water demand in the study area, utmost attention is needed by the decision making authorities and the management of the water utility to improve performance efficiency of the water supply system by instituting effective water governance and reducing leakage losses.

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