scholarly journals Analisis Ketersediaan Air Permukaan dan Proyeksi Kebutuhan Air DAS Bodri Tahun 2040

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Chafda Larasati ◽  
Aji Wijaya Abadi ◽  
M Galih Prakoso ◽  
Novanna Dwi S ◽  
Venny Vivid F ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Landuse Change ◽  
Calculation Of Parameters ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Total Water Demand

Abstrak Sumberdaya air penting untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan semua makhluk hidup termasuk manusia. DAS Bodri menyediakan suplai air permukaan melalui sungai-sungai yang ada dalam DAS, yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh penduduk sekitar. Seiring berjalannya waktu, DAS Bodri mengalami perubahan penggunaan lahan yang menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan kebutuhan air dan terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air permukaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, yaitu mengetahui keseimbangan antara kebutuhan air di masa yang akan datang dengan ketersediaan air permukaan di DAS Bodri tahun 2040. Perhitungan keseimbangan antara kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air permukaan dilakukan dengan membandingkan antara kebutuhan air total dan ketersediaan air permukaan. Parameter kebutuhan air total terdiri dari kebutuhan air domestik, fasilitas kesehatan, fasilitas pendidikan, fasilitas peribadatan, perkantoran, industri, pertokoan dan pasar, warung makan, peternakan, irigasi, dan tambak. Kebutuhan air di tahun mendatang diketahui melalui proyeksi secara eksponensial dan tetap dari data jumlah dalam perhitungan parameter. Kebutuhan air untuk aktivitas domestik dan nondomestik diestimasikan mencapai 2,44 miliar m3 pada tahun 2040. Hasil analisis neraca air menunjukkan bahwa status neraca air DAS Bodri tahun 2010-2019 mengalami defisiensi. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa potensi sumberdaya air permukaan masih belum mencukupi untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan air di DAS Bodri hingga tahun 2040. Abstract Water resources play an important role in meeting the needs of all living things, including humans. The Bodri watershed provides surface water supply through rivers on the watershed, which the local residents can use and utilize. Over time, the Bodri watershed underwent landuse change, which led to an increase in water demand, resulting in an imbalance between water demand and surface water availability. Calculation of the balance between demand and surface water availability is done by comparing the total water demand and the surface water availability. This study aims to determine the balance between future water demand and surface water availability in the Bodri watershed in 2040. The parameters used to determine total water demand consist of water needs of the following sectors; domestic, health facilities, educational facilities, religious facilities, offices, industry, shops and markets, food stalls, livestock, irrigation, and ponds. In the coming year, water demand is known through projections exponentially and permanently from the amount of data in the calculation of parameters. Water demand for domestic and non-domestic activities is estimated to reach 2.44 billion m3 in 2040. The water balance analysis results show that the status of the Bodri watershed water balance in 2010-2019 is deficient. The potential for surface water resources is still insufficient to meet the water needs in the Bodri watershed until 2040.  

scholarly journals Estimating Sectoral Water Demand for Sindh Province of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-406
Author(s):  
Heman Das Lohano ◽  
Fateh Muhammad Marri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Environmental Flows ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Water Demand

Water resources in Sindh province of Pakistan are under significant pressure due to increasing and conflicting water demand from municipalities for domestic users, agriculture and industries, and requirements of environmental flows. Population growth and climate change are likely to pose serious challenges to households and economic sectors that depend on water. This study estimates the present water demand from municipalities, agriculture and industries, and its future projections by the year 2050 in Sindh. The study also evaluates the impact of climate change on sectoral water demand and assesses the water requirements for the environmental flows. The results show that presently the total water demand for these sectors in Sindh is 44.06 Million Acre Feet (MAF). Agriculture is the largest consumer of water, accounting for 95.24 percent of the total water demand. Municipal water demand accounts for 2.61 percent while industrial water demand accounts for 1.88 percent. The demand for water in these sectors is expected to rise by 10 percent from 2018 to 2050. Moreover, depending on climate change scenario, the total water demand in these three sectors is likely to rise by 16 to 25 percent from 2018 to 2050. In additions, water requirements for the environmental flows have been indicated as 10 MAF in the National Water Accord of 1991. The findings of this study call for policy measures and strategies for management of water resources in Sindh.

scholarly journals Change and cause analysis of water resources in Fengtai district of Beijing in recent 61a (from 1956 to 2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 02023
Author(s):  
Jing Qin ◽  
Wen-long Niu ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
Ling-yun Zhao ◽  
Wen-lian Gao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Optimal Dispatch ◽  
Surface Water Resources

The calculation of water resources is the fundamental basis for legitimate utilization, effective protection, optimal configuration and optimal dispatch of water resources. Affected by climate change, economic development, and population expansion, the amount of water resources in Fengtai district, one of the central urban areas of Beijing, has undergone major changes. By comparing the results of the second investigation and evaluation of water resources (1956-1998), the paper analyzes the dynamic changes and causes of surface water resources, ground water resources and total water resources in Fengtai district in recent 61a (1956-2016). The results show that the surface water resources of Fengtai district in recent 61a is 37.978 million m3, which is 2.572 million m3 less than the previous investigation; the ground water resources is 92.959 million m3, a decrease of 13.848 million m3; the total water resources is 104.981 million m3, which is 13.830 million m3 less than the previous investigation. The gradual reduction of regional atmospheric precipitation is the main cause of the decline in surface runoff and rainfall infiltration recharge. At the same time, the continuous water-cutting of Yongding River (the biggest inflow river in Fengtai) since 2000 and the anti-seepage project implemented in 2010 further reduced the infiltration of river infiltration .

scholarly journals Analisis Neraca Air Permukaan Sub DAS Krueng Khee Kabupaten Aceh Besar

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1002-1008
Author(s):  
Arini Putri ◽  
Susi Chairani ◽  
Ichwana Ichwana
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Input Surface ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Surface Water Storage

Pengetahuan mengenai ketersediaan air dan kebutuhan air sangat penting untuk mengetahui keseimbangan air. Perhitungan neraca air permukaan dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan ketersediaan air permukaan pada Sub DAS Krueng Khee untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air domestik dan irigasi. Data klimatologi dan sosial pada tahun 2014 yang digunakan pada penelitian. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diketahui potensi air permukaan Sub DAS Krueng Khee berasal dari air sungai dan curah hujan efektif. Jumlah potensi air dari air sungai pada tahun 2014 adalah 16.891.372,8/tahun. Ketersediaan air yang berasal dari curah hujan efektif digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kebutuhan air irigasi. Kebutuhan air yang terdapat di Sub DAS Krueng Khee meliputi: kebutuhan air domestik, irigasi, peternakan, dan industri. Analisis neraca air permukaan dilaksanakan dengan mengurangkan input air permukaan dengan output air pada daerah penelitian. Keseimbangan air permukaan (surface water balance) yang dicapai untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air di Sub DAS Krueng Khee pada tahun 2014 adalah: Perubahan simpanan air permukaan ( maksimum yaitu 4.279.181,10 /bulan pada bulan Januari (surplus), rata-rata yaitu 1.255.403,945 /bulan dan minimum yaitu 383.486,90/bulan pada bulan Oktober. Sepanjang tahun 2014 tidak terjadi kekurangan ketersediaan air untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air total Sub DAS Krueng Khee.Knowledge about water availability and water demand is significant to water balance awareness. Accounting surface water balance is to find out capability of surface water availability in Sub Watershed Krueng Khee in order to fulfill domestic and irigation water demand. Chilmatology and social data in year 2014 were used in this research. Based on the result the source of surface water potential in Sub Watershed Krueng Khee source are river water and effective rainfall. The amount of water potential from the river in year 2014 was 16.891.372,8/year. The water availability from effective ranfall used to fulfill irigation. Water demand in Sub wathershed Krueng Khee divers from domestic water demand, irigation, livestock and industry. Surface water balance analysis perfomed by subtracting input surface water with the water output in the research area. Surface water balance achieved to fulfill water demand in Sub Watershed Krueng Khee in 2014: surface water storage ( maximum was 4.279.181,10 /month in January (surplus), average was 1.255.403,945 / month and minimum was 383.486,90/month in October. Throughout the year 2014 there was no shortage of water availability to fulfill the water demand in Sub Wathershed Krueng Khee

scholarly journals Water Saving Potential in the RBD of Thessaly

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Olive Groves ◽  
Total Water Demand ◽  
Technical Measures

The prolonged issues regarding the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the water resources in the River Basin District of Thessaly (TRBD) have resulted in the environmental degradation and the reduction of the availability of water. Agriculture is the major water user, constituting up to 95% of total water demand. The pressures anticipated from the ongoing climate change are expected to cause further degradation, given the present status of the water resources. This research attempts to examine and quantify the water saving potential of TRBD, mainly for the agriculture sector, following the recommendations of the European legislation, the principles of sustainable development and environmental protection. Water saving tools are documented in several countries, including technical measures, such as drip irrigation systems and the modernization of the transfer networks, as well as deficit and scheduled irrigation practices and water reuse. These measures and practices are tested for their potential effect on water demand in TRBD, in addition to changing a portion of cotton cultivation areas to olive groves. To this end, the volume of irrigation demand is estimated at 2088×106, while total water demand stands for 2204×106. Afterwards the study proceeds to the evaluation of the water saving potential both independently and combined. The potential of water savings in TRBD is proven high, 14.3% of total water demand for technical measures, 10.7% if deficit irrigation is applied to specific crops, while it may reach 28.8% in case the measures are combined.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Resources and Analysis of Safe Yield and Reliability of Surface Water Reservoirs of Asmara Water Supply System

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Kahsay N. Zeraebruk ◽  
Alfred O. Mayabi ◽  
John M. Gathenya
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Safe Yield

In a water supply system safe yield is the average annual volume that can be supplied to the system subject to an adopted set of operational rules and a typical demand pattern without violating a given level of service standard. It is dependent upon storage and hydrologic (rainfall/runoff/evaporation) characteristics of the sources, the source facilities, upstream and downstream permitted withdrawals and minimum in-stream flow requirements.For effective operation and management of a water supply system, it is important to have knowledge of water balance of the reservoirs and estimate their safe yield at a certain level of reliability. In this study, to assess water resources potential of existing surface water sources and new catchments and estimate the water balance of the water supply system, the hydrologic simulation model, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was utilized. The model was calibrated and validated successfully. The safe yield and corresponding reliability of reservoirs were estimated using a deterministic water balance model. The results of the water balance analysis and projected water demand were used to assess existing water supply situation and challenges in future. The assessment indicated that the gap between demand and supply at high population growth rate scenario is wide and very critical.To close the gap between the available water supply and the increasing water demand in the study area, utmost attention is needed by the decision making authorities and the management of the water utility to improve performance efficiency of the water supply system by instituting effective water governance and reducing leakage losses.

Critical review of salinity intrusion in rivers and estuaries

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruqayah Mohammed ◽  
Miklas Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Saline Intrusion ◽  
Salinity Intrusion ◽  
Surface Water Resources

Abstract There is scientific evidence of accelerated sea level rise and saline intrusion. Some impacts, such as stratification and estuarine circulation, are subtle; others are dramatic including shifts in salt-sensitive habitats and limited water availability of suitable quality for industrial and municipal uses. These results have become a remarkable reality resulting in a set of integrated surface water organisation issues. Tremendous population increases overwhelming many coastal areas have expanded the problem. These challenges have been studied from many perspectives using various objectives and methodologies, and then arriving at different findings. However, all research assured that significant rises in sea level have influenced estuaries and tidally affected rivers, and these observations are expected to become rapidly worse in the future. This study introduces, categorises, critically investigates, and synthesises the most related studies regarding accelerated sea level rise and challenges of the development associated with the resources of surface water in estuaries and tidally-affected rivers. This critical review reveals that there is a need for research that focuses on the development of sustainable surface water resources.

scholarly journals Inventorization of Water Resources in Solan Block of Himachal Pradesh, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-465
Author(s):  
Shalini Chauhan ◽  
S.K. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
People’S Perception ◽  
Quality Water

The present investigations entitled “Inventorization of Water Resources in Solan Block of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during 2012-13, with the objective to prepare a detailed inventory of water resources in the area, some latest had also been added. For inventory, a survey was conducted as per prestructured proforma. People’s perception was also recorded to verify the inventorization. In Solan Block the total number of water resources recorded in the field were 3218. Out of which 3070 number of water resources are being commercially exploited for use. A total of 412 hand pumps were installed in the area till December 2016. Out of the total water resources in Solan District, 22% ground and 30% surface water resources were in Solan Block. The people’s perception indicated that out of 35 panchayats, seven panchayats had water deficiency. In Solan Block 5.29 sq. km of total area was covered under 18 major irrigation schemes till 2016. A total population of 70,643 in rural area of Solan Block had a water requirement of 13,06,189.07 gallons per day whereas, that of urban population (45,845) was 15,13,801.9 gallons per day. The total water requirement of Solan Block calculated was 28,19,990.97 gallons per day for a population of 1,16,488 (Census 2011). The total water storage capacity in Solan Block on an average was 63,07,388.64 gallons to meet the demand of inhabitants along with water requirement for other purposes. But many times this capacity remained unutilized due to less water availability. Periodic water resource management is thus recommended for sustaining quality water availability.

scholarly journals Assessment of Surface Water Resources in Great Ruaha River Sub-Basin Tanzania: Application of WEAP Model for Water Allocation and Utilization Impacts Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Rose Gervas ◽  
Deogratias M.M. Mulungu ◽  
Joel K. Nobert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Weap Model ◽  
Surface Water Resources

The Great Ruaha River (GRR) sub-basin is one of the most important waterways in Tanzania as it supports important economic activities. The sub-basin is progressively faced with an inevitable situation of increasing water demand among competing users while the quantity and quality of water is diminishing. The focus of this study was to assess allocation of existing (2012) and future (up to 2025) quantities of surface water in the GRR sub-basin with consideration of priorities given in the Tanzania Water Resources Management Act, 2009 in the order: domestic, environment, agriculture, livestock and non-domestic. Simulation of water allocation scenarios of irrigation expansion (IE) and implementation of environmental flow requirements (EWD) and their impacts on met demands was done by using WEAP model. Results showed that under current and future conditions, available streamflows are sufficient for the first two water use priorities. Implementation of EWD and IE scenarios will change demands in comparison with reference scenario by 80%, -38% and 45% and shortages by 147%, 123% and 13% in Little Ruaha, Ndembera and Kisigo catchments respectively. To eliminate water shortages, construction of reservoirs, use of alternative supply sources (especially in agriculture) and water demand management measures are recommended.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Future Climate and Land Use/Land Cover Change Impacts on Water Resources

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Nick Martin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Weather Generator ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Lulc Change

Climate and land use and land cover (LULC) changes will impact watershed-scale water resources. These systemic alterations will have interacting influences on water availability. A probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) framework for water resource impact analysis from future systemic change is described and implemented to examine combined climate and LULC change impacts from 2011–2100 for a study site in west-central Texas. Internally, the PRA framework provides probabilistic simulation of reference and future conditions using weather generator and water balance models in series—one weather generator and water balance model for reference and one of each for future conditions. To quantify future conditions uncertainty, framework results are the magnitude of change in water availability, from the comparison of simulated reference and future conditions, and likelihoods for each change. Inherent advantages of the framework formulation for analyzing future risk are the explicit incorporation of reference conditions to avoid additional scenario-based analysis of reference conditions and climate change emissions scenarios. In the case study application, an increase in impervious area from economic development is the LULC change; it generates a 1.1 times increase in average water availability, relative to future climate trends, from increased runoff and decreased transpiration.

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