Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Aptian Pre-Salt of the onshore Espírito Santo Basin, SE Brazil, an example of proximal passive margin sag basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francyne Bochi do Amarante ◽  
André Basso Schilling ◽  
Juliano Kuchle ◽  
David Iacopini ◽  
Claiton Marlon dos Santos Scherer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Facies Association ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Coastal Waves ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
3D Volume

<p>The Espírito Santo Basin is part of the Brazilian rift system basins, formed by the break-up of the Supercontinent Gondwana and subsequent opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. The Aptian sedimentary succession of the basin is named Mucuri Member, lower unit of Mariricu Formation, and is contemporary to the pre-salt main carbonate reservoirs. Proximal deposition consists mostly of clastic sediments, interpreted as fluvial and coastal systems in the margins of a wide lake, which synchronously accumulated carbonates to the distal portions. The economic interest for oil is centered on the distal carbonates, thus the proximal sections lack detailed studies. The main objective of this study is the tectono-stratigraphic analysis of the marginal Mucuri Member. Leading methodology is seismic stratigraphy based on 220 2D lines and 1 3D volume, coupled with petrophysical and lithological analysis of 103 well log data and 5 cored wells. The combined analysis of seismic and lithological parameters resulted in the individualization of four seismic facies, which correspond to the predominance of one or two amongst five facies associations interpreted in cored wells. Seismic facies (SF) 1 is predominantly composed of offshore and lower shoreface successions; SF 2 is characterized by a dominance of poorly confined fluvial channels facies association; SF 3 records the interaction between fluvial and coastal successions composing mound-like structures, and is interpreted as wave-dominated deltaic facies association; SF 4 corresponds to sandspits structures and is restricted to regions where the coastal waves interact with basement highs. Four seismostratigraphic units were identified (named, from the base upwards: MUC1, MUC2, MUC3 and MUC4), delimited by three subparallel horizons. Unit-bounding reflectors coincide with gamma ray maxima or minima representing shales or anhydrites, respectively, deposited in deep water environments. The Mucuri Member records an enlargement in depositional area from the base upwards witnessing an overall lacustrine base level rise during deposition. The geometry of the depositional area during MUC1 and MUC2 was conditioned by the paleorelief of the preceding rift basins. MUC3 and MUC4 seismic units record a decrease in thickness as remnant topography was gradually filled; both units transcended and draped the half-grabens. The Early Cretaceous Mucuri Member composes the beginning of the post-rift sequence of Espírito Santo Basin, marked by the onset of thermal subsidence and cessation of mechanical subsidence.</p>

scholarly journals Facies association and depositional environment of fan-delta sequence in southwest Kathmandu Basin, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Naresh Kazi Tamrakar ◽  
Pramila Shrestha ◽  
Surendra Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
River System ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Facies Association ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Fan Delta ◽  
Main River ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Delta Sequence ◽  
The Difference

Lake marginal sedimentation prevailed around the Paleo-Kathmandu Lake. Owing to the difference in local basin conditions; tectonics, source rock types and river systems therein, the lake marginal environments and sedimentary facies associations differ around the Paleo-Kathmandu Lake. In this study, the basin-fill sediments of southwestern margin of the Kathmandu Basin were studied for the sediments recorded in vertical sequences at various localities and facies analysis was made. Mainly eight facies were recognised. They were matrix-supported massive gravel (Gmm), matrix-supported graded gravel (Gmg), gravelly fine or mud (GF), massive silt (Fsm), massive mud (Fm), ripple-laminated silt or laminated silt/mud/clay (Fl), carbonaceous clay (C), and incipient soil with roots (Fr). Four facies associations that were identified were proximal fan-delta facies association (FA1), mid fan-delta facies associaiton (FA2), distal fan-delta facies association (FA3), and gravelly sinuous river facies association (FA4). Remarkably, these facies associations do not contain any sandy facies and foreset bedding of Gilbert-type. The fan-delta region was characterised by flood-dominated flows and vertical accretion of fines in the flood basins, and vegetated swamps rich in organic sediments. The distribution of facies associations suggests extensive lake transgression followed by rapid lake regression. The recent river system then incised the valley against local upliftment due to faulting or lowering of base level of the main river in the Kathmandu Basin probably related to draining out of the lake water. doi: Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 12, 2009, pp. 1-16

Presalt reservoirs of the Santos Basin: Cyclicity, electrofacies, and tectonic-sedimentary evolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. SH33-SH43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor de Andrade Neves ◽  
Wagner Moreira Lupinacci ◽  
Danilo Jotta Ariza Ferreira ◽  
João Paulo Rodrigues Zambrini ◽  
Luís Otávio Aguiar Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Well Logs ◽  
Facies Association ◽  
Geologic History ◽  
Lacustrine Environment ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Sedimentary Evolution ◽  
Depositional Evolution ◽  
Well Data

Presalt reservoirs of the Santos Basin accounted for more than 50% of Brazilian hydrocarbon production in the first two months of 2019. Its most important reservoirs are found in the Barra Velha Formation; thus understanding its genesis and geologic history is essential. This formation is composed of carbonates deposited in an alkaline lacustrine environment with a multiplicity of facies from boundstones and grainstones to mudstones. We have performed a sedimentary analysis based on the integration of sidewall core (SWC) samples and well logs from two wells coupled with seismic patterns discrimination to characterize the tectonic and depositional evolution of the Barra Velha Formation in a sector of the Outer High of the Santos Basin in this study. Our method initially consisted of the evaluation of well logs, aiming to identify shallowing and flooding upward cycles of the second and third orders for the paleoenvironmental conceptualization upper rift and sag phases. Then, we defined electrofacies through the integration of SWCs, gamma ray, and acoustic impedance logs using the crossplot approach. Finally, we described seismic patterns throughout the study area and correlated with results from well data analysis. Therefore, the Barra Velha Formation was subdivided into three zones: the lower, intermediate, and upper zones. Well 1 has a facies association characteristic of a proximal and stable environment during deposition, whereas well 2 initially presents in a distal environment sedimentation that evolves to a more proximal setting. This fact evidenced differences with respect to base-level variations indicating compartmentalization within the lacustrine environment of the upper rift and sag phase that corroborated with the detailed seismic pattern interpretation of the study area.

scholarly journals Application of seismic stratigraphy in reservoir characterisation: a case study of the passive margin deposits of the northern Orange Basin, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Adesola Samakinde ◽  
Jan Marinus Van Bever Donker ◽  
Ray Durrheim ◽  
Musa Manzi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mass Transport ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Seismic Stratigraphy ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
Depositional Sequences ◽  
Seismic Reflectors ◽  
Mass Transport Deposits

AbstractThe Barremian-Cenozoic depositional sequences in the northern Orange Basin, SW, South Africa, were investigated using the principles of seismic stratigraphy to understand the interplay of tectonics and sedimentary processes in the distribution of potential hydrocarbon reservoirs. A seismic stratigraphic workflow (seismic sequence, seismic facies and lithofacies analysis) was completed by utilising three seismic lines (L1, L2 and L3) tied to Wireline data (gamma, checkshots and sonic) in two exploration wells (A1 and A2). Seven depositional sequences were mapped followed by the creation of lithofacies log interpreted from the gamma-ray log (GR) by setting maximum GR value at 60 API for Sandstone, 60–100 API for Siltstone and above 100 API for Shale. Six seismic facies units are recognised based on internal geometry and configurations of the seismic reflectors; Tangential-Oblique (SF1), Hummocky (SF2), Wavy-Parallel (SF3), Chaotic (SF4), Sub-parallel/parallel (SF5) and Divergent (SF6). SF4 is dominant within the Barremian-Aptian sequence and expressed in an incised valley fill, suggesting mass transport deposition accompanied by strong hydrodynamic conditions. Evidence of sedimentary basins progradation is seen within the Late-Albian-Turonian sequences, because of the occurrences of SF2, SF6 and SF 4 facies. SF5 facies is prominent in the Maastrichtian/Campanian sequence, indicating that the deposition of sediments may have been accompanied by uniform margin subsidence after the Late-Cretaceous uplift of the Africa margin. The occurrence of SF1 and SF4 facies within the Cenozoic sequence indicates terrigenous pro-deltaic deposits and mass transport deposits, respectively. Further results from seismic-lithofacies modelling reveal that sand deposits of Barremian-Aptian (SF4 facies unit) and Albian sequences (SF2 and SF6 facies units) are potential stratigraphic reservoirs in this part of the basin.

scholarly journals Facies Analysis and Sequence Stratigraphy of Missole Outcrops: N’Kapa Formation of the South-Eastern Edge of Douala Sub-Basin (Cameroon)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Paul Gustave Fowe Kwetche ◽  
Marie Joseph Ntamak-Nida ◽  
Adrien Lamire Djomeni Nitcheu ◽  
Jacques Etame ◽  
François Mvondo Owono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Facies Association ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Climate Evolution ◽  
Floodplain Deposits ◽  
Channel Deposits ◽  
Eastern Edge

Missole facies description and sequence stratigraphy analysis allow a new proposal of depositional environments of the Douala sub-basin eastern part. The sediments of Missole outcrops (N’kapa Formation) correspond to fluvial/tidal channel to shallow shelf deposits with in some place embayment deposits within a warm and semi-arid climate. Integrated sedimentologic, palynologic and mineralogical data document a comprehensive sequence stratigraphy of this part of the Douala sub-basin. Five facies associations occur: (1) facies association I is characterized by Floodplain deposits; (2) facies association II is Fluvial to mouth bar deposits; (3) facies association III characterise Shallow Shelf deposits; (4) facies association IV represents Distal bay or Lacustrine déposits; and (5) Facies association V is made of Fluvial channel deposits. Six depositional sequences were identified. These sequences are composed of four progradational sequences and two retrogradational sequences containing a fluvial channel portion represented by lag deposits at the base of retrogradational sequences. These deposits represent the outset of the relative sea level rise period. In the study area, the N’kapa Formation is composed of non-marine/coastal aggradational deposits representing the early stage of the regressive period. The occurrence of the estuarine/bay deposits with paleosols development is interpreted as evidence of climate change with significant relative base level fluctuation. The study of key minerals associated to sequence stratigraphy as well as palynology demonstrated that sequence architecture has been controlled mostly by climate evolution and outcrops are dated Paleocene – early Eocene.

NMR contribution in sub-horizontal well for porosity-permeability heterogeneity characterization in limestones: implications for 3D reservoir prediction and flow simulation in a world class geothermal aquifer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Catinat ◽  
Benjamin Brigaud ◽  
Marc Fleury ◽  
Miklos Antics ◽  
Pierre Ungemach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
High Density ◽  
Reservoir Prediction ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Deep Geothermal Energy

<p>With around 50 heating networks today operating, the aera around Paris is the European region which concentrates the most heating network production units in terms of deep geothermal energy. In France, the energy-climate strategy plans to produce 6.4TWh in 2023, compared to 1.5TWh produced in 2016. Despite an exceptional geothermal potential, the current average development rate of 70MWh/year will not allow this objective to be achieved, it would be necessary to reach a rate of 6 to 10 times higher. The optimization of the use of deep geothermal energy is a major challenge for France, and in Ile-de-France, which has a population of nearly 12 million inhabitants. This project aims to reconstruct and simulate heat flows in the Paris Basin using an innovative methodology (1) to characterize, predict and model the properties of reservoirs (facies, porosity, permeability) and (2) simulate future circulations and predict the performance at a given location (sedimentary basin) on its geothermal potential. This study focuses on a high density area of well infrastructures around Cachan, (8 doublets, 1 triplet in 56 km<sup>2</sup>). A new sub-horizontal doublet concept has been recently (2017) drilled at Cachan to enhance heat exchange in medium to low permeability formations. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR T2) logs have been recorded in the sub-horizontal well (GCAH2) providing information on pore size distribution and permeability. We integrated all logging data (gamma ray, density, resistivity, sonic, NRM T2) of the 19 wells in the area and 120 thin section observations from cuttings to derive a combined electrofacies-sedimentary facies description. A total of 10 facies is grouped into 5 facies associations coded in all the 19 wells according to depths and 10 3rd order stratigraphic sequences are recognized. The cell size of the 3D grid was set to 50 m x 50 m for the XY dimensions. The Z-size depends on the thickness of the sub-zones, averaging 5 m. The resulting 3D grid is composed of a total of nearly 8.10<sup>5</sup>cells. After upscaled, facies and stratigraphic surfaces are used to create a reliable model using the “Truncated Gaussian With Trends” algorithm. The petrophysical distribution “Gaussian Random Function Simulation” is used to populate the entire grid with properties, included 2000 NMR data, considering each facies independently. The best reservoir is mainly located in the shoal deposits oolitic grainstones with average porosity of 12.5% and permeability of 100 mD. Finally, hydrodynamic and thermal simulations have been performed using Pumaflow to give information on the potential risk of interference between the doublets in the area and advices are given in the well trajectory to optimize the connectivity and the lifetime of the system. NMR data, especially permeability, allow to greater improve the simulations, defining time probabilities of thermal breakthrough in an area of high density wells.</p>

Comparison of turbidite facies associations in modern passive-margin Mississippi fan with ancient active-margin fans

1988 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Shanmugam ◽  
R.J. Moiola ◽  
J.G. McPherson ◽  
S. O'Connell
Keyword(s):  
Passive Margin ◽  
Active Margin ◽  
Facies Associations

scholarly journals Pre-salt rift morphology controls salt tectonics in the Campos Basin, offshore SE Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francyne B. Amarante ◽  
Christopher A-L. Jackson ◽  
Leonardo M. Pichel ◽  
Claiton M. S. Scherer ◽  
Juliano Kuchle
Keyword(s):  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Salt Tectonics ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
South Central ◽  
Campos Basin ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Gravity Driven ◽  
Base Salt

<p>Salt-bearing passive margin basins offshore SE Brazil have been and remain attractive for hydrocarbon exploration and production. In the Campos Basin, major reservoir types include post-salt turbidites, which are located in structural traps related to thin-skinned faulting above salt anticlines and rollers. Classic models of gravity-driven salt tectonics commonly depict kinematically linked zones of deformation, characterised by updip extension and downdip contraction, separated by a weakly deformed zone associated with downdip translation above a relatively smooth base-salt surface. We use 2D and 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the south-central Campos Basin to show that this does not adequately capture the styles of salt-detached gravity-driven deformation above relict, rift-related relief. The base-salt surface is composed of elongated, broadly seaward-dipping ramps with structural relief reaching c. 2 km. These ramps define the boundary between the External High and the External Low, basement structures related to the rift tectonics. Local deformation associated with the base-salt ramps can overprint and/or influence regional, margin-scale patterns of deformation producing kinematically-variable and multiphase salt deformation. We define three domains of thin-skinned deformation: an updip extensional domain, subdivided into subdomains E1 and E2, an intermediate multiphase domain and a downdip contractional domain. The multiphase domain is composed of three types of salt structures with a hybrid extensional-contractional origin and evolution. These are: (i) contractional anticlines that were subjected to later extension and normal faulting; (ii) diapirs with passive and active growth later subjected to regional extension, developing landward-dipping normal faults on the landward flank; and, lastly, (iii) an extensional diapir that was subsequently squeezed. We argue that this multiphase style of deformation occurs as a consequence of base-salt geometry and relief creating local variations of salt flow that localize extension at the top and along the ramps, and contraction at the base. Translation and extension of salt and its overburden across major base-salt ramps resulted in three ramp syncline basins northeast of the study area, partially bounded by salt-detached listric faults. The temporal and spatial distribution and evolution of these and other key salt and overburden structures, and their relationship to base-salt relief, suggest 30 to 60 km of horizontal gravity-driven translation of salt and overburden.</p>

scholarly journals Eocene-Oligocene sedimentation in the external areas of the Moldavide Basin (Marginal Folds Nappe, Eastern Carpathians, Romania): sedimentological, paleontological and petrographic approaches

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crina Miclăuş ◽  
Francesco Loiacono ◽  
Diego Puglisi ◽  
Dorin Baciu
Keyword(s):  
Source Area ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Facies Association ◽  
Compositional Uniformity ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Extensional Tectonic ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Depositional Systems

Eocene-Oligocene sedimentation in the external areas of the Moldavide Basin (Marginal Folds Nappe, Eastern Carpathians, Romania): sedimentological, paleontological and petrographic approachesThe Marginal Folds Nappe is one of the most external tectonic units of the Moldavide Nappe System (Eastern Carpathians), formed by Cretaceous to Tertiary flysch and molasse deposits, piled up during the Miocene closure of the East Carpathian Flysch basin, cropping out in several tectonic half-windows, the Bistriţa half-window being one of them. The deposits of this tectonic unit were accumulated in anoxic-oxic-anoxic conditions, in a forebulge depozone (sensuDeCelles & Giles 1996), and consist of a pelitic background sporadically interrupted by coarse-grained events. During the Late Eocene the sedimentation registered a transition from calcareous (Doamna Limestones) to pelitic (Bisericani Beds) grading to Globigerina Marls at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, and upward during the Oligocene in deposits rich in organic matter (Lower Menilites, Bituminous Marls, Lower and Upper Dysodilic Shales) with coarsegrained interlayers. Seven facies associations were recognized, and interpreted as depositional systems of shallow to deeper water on a ramp-type margin. Two mixed depositional systems of turbidite-like facies association separated by a thick pelitic interval (Bituminous Marls) have been recognized. They were supplied by a "green schists" source area of Central Dobrogea type. The petrography of the sandstone beds shows an excellent compositional uniformity (quartzarenite-like rocks), probably representing a first cycle detritus derived from low rank metamorphic sources, connected with the forebulge relief developed on such a basement. The sedimentation was controlled mainly by different subsidence of blocks created by extensional tectonic affecting the ramp-type margin of the forebulge depozone.

Effects of the tectonics of the East African Rift System on the evolution of the Tanzania margin offshore Zanzibar and Pemba Islands.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Dottore Stagna ◽  
Vittorio Maselli ◽  
Djordje Grujic ◽  
Pamela Reynolds ◽  
David Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
East African Rift ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
East African ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
African Rift

<p>The East African Rift Systems (EARS) is a modern example of a divergent plate boundary at early stages of development. In Tanzania, the rift has evolved in two branches since the Early Miocene. In addition, recent studies have proposed the existence of a marine branch of the rift in the western Indian Ocean, corresponding to the Kerimbas Graben – Davie Ridge (DR) system offshore northern Mozambique and southern Tanzania. North of this region, putative passive margin structures are present: the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, and the troughs that separate them from the mainland. Although different theories for their formation have been proposed, a clear understanding of how the islands relate to the regional tectonic regime and the effect on the deep-water sediment routing system is lacking. </p><p>In this study, we use 2D seismic reflection profiles and exploration wells to investigate the Oligocene to recent stratigraphy offshore northern Tanzania to examine the following two questions: When did the Pemba and Zanzibar islands form? And how does the evolution of deep-water depositional systems record rift tectonics? Regional correlation of dated seismic horizons, integrated with 3D reconstruction of canyons/channels network through time, allow understanding of the main depositional events and their timing. A net decrease in the number of slope channels is visible offshore Pemba during the middle-late Miocene, which we interpreted to mark the onset of the uplift of the island. At the same time, deep-water channels were still aggrading offshore Zanzibar, indicating that the uplift of this island occurred later, likely during the late Miocene to early Pliocene. The uplift of the islands promoted the formation of a newly discovered giant canyon, characterized by a modern width of > 30 km and depth of > 485 m at > 2,200 m water depth.</p><p>The timing of the islands’ uplift indicates a potential relation with the EARS tectonics. While the structures which form the anticlines of Pemba and Zanzibar Islands may be related to Tertiary (EARS) inversion of Mesozoic-aged rift faults,  numerous high-angle normal faults, both antithetic and synthetic, dissect the post-Oligocene stratigraphy. These create horsts and grabens on a variety of scales, some of which (e.g. Kerimbas Graben and Zanzibar/Pemba trough) show comparative shape and size respect to onshore rift basins. The stratigraphic evolution of deep-water channel systems provides a tape-recorder with which to determine the modification of EARS’ tectonics on sedimentation of the older Tanzania margin.</p><p>Supported by these new results, we propose a new alternative conceptual model for the evolution of the central East African margin during the Neogene and Quaternary, highlighting the main tectonic structures and their timing of formation.</p>

Sequence architecture and depositional evolution of Eocene to Oligocene, synrift to early postrift strata in the Baiyun Sag, South China Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. T309-T329
Author(s):  
Nanan Gao ◽  
Changsong Lin ◽  
Kenneth Eriksson ◽  
Zhongtao Zhang ◽  
Da Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
Pearl River Mouth Basin ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Baiyun Sag ◽  
Shelf Slope ◽  
Depositional Evolution

The Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB), located on the northern continental margin of the South China Sea, underwent a complex evolution during the Paleogene. We have focused on the Baiyun Sag in the PRMB with the goal of constructing the architecture and depositional evolution of the Eocene–Early Oligocene synrift stage to the Late Oligocene early postrift stage of basin evolution. Based on analysis of 3D seismic data complemented by well logs and cores, the Paleogene basin fills can be classified into three composite sequences bounded by regional unconformities and 14 sequences bounded by local unconformities. We identify seismic facies on the basis of different internal reflection configurations, external shapes, and contact relationships. The distribution of seismic facies and lithologies interpreted from gamma-ray curves reveal that the synrift basin fill consists mainly of fan delta deposits adjacent to the southern fault scarp, braid delta deposits on the adjacent hanging-wall blocks, and lacustrine mudstones and sublacustrine fan deposits in the center of the basin. The overlying early postrift stage is dominated by shelf and shelf-slope environments, with widespread developed southward-prograding deltas and submarine fans. Tectonics is the principal controlling factor on the development and distribution of depositional systems during the synrift stage. In contrast, sea-level changes superimposed on long-term subsidence related to thermal cooling determined the stacking patterns of sequences during the postrift stage. The results provide new insights on synrift and early postrift tectonics and sedimentation patterns along an evolving passive margin.

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