Rising CO2 and warming lead to declining global canopy demand for nitrogen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Dong ◽  
Iain Colin Prentice ◽  
Ian Wright ◽  
Xiangzhong Luo ◽  
Nick Smith
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
N Limitation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Green Vegetation ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
N Demand

<div> <p>Nitrogen (N) limitation constrains the magnitude of terrestrial carbon uptake in response to CO<sub>2 </sub>fertilization and climate change. However, the trajectory of N demand, and how it is influenced by continuing changes in CO<sub>2 </sub>and climate, is incompletely understood. We estimate recent changes in global canopy N demand based on a well-tested optimality hypothesis for the control of photosynthetic capacity (<em>V</em><sub>cmax</sub>). The predicted global pattern of optimal leaf-level <em>V</em><sub>cmax </sub>is similar to the pattern derived from remotely sensed chlorophyll retrievals. Over the period from 1982 to 2015, rising CO<sub>2­ </sub>and warming both contributed to decreasing leaf-level N demand. Widespread increases in green vegetation cover over the same period (especially in high latitudes) imply increasing total canopy N demand. The net global trend is, nonetheless, a decrease in total canopy N demand. This work provides a new perspective on the past, present and future of the global terrestrial N cycle.</p> </div>

scholarly journals Leaf-level photosynthetic capacity dynamics in relation to soil and foliar nutrients along forest–savanna boundaries in Ghana and Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1926-1926
Author(s):  
Agne Gvozdevaite ◽  
Imma Oliveras ◽  
Tomas Ferreira Domingues ◽  
Theresa Peprah ◽  
Mickey Boakye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Foliar Nutrients ◽  
Leaf Level

scholarly journals Current Concept of Geometrical Accuracy

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (34) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustín Görög ◽  
Ingrid Görögová
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Geometric Accuracy ◽  
Geometric Tolerance ◽  
Geometrical Accuracy ◽  
The Past ◽  
3D Scanners ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Vega 1 ◽  
Current Standards

Abstract Within the solving VEGA 1/0615/12 research project "Influence of 5-axis grinding parameters on the shank cutter´s geometric accuracy", the research team will measure and evaluate geometrical accuracy of the produced parts. They will use the contemporary measurement technology (for example the optical 3D scanners). During the past few years, significant changes have occurred in the field of geometrical accuracy. The objective of this contribution is to analyse the current standards in the field of geometric tolerance. It is necessary to bring an overview of the basic concepts and definitions in the field. It will prevent the use of outdated and invalidated terms and definitions in the field. The knowledge presented in the contribution will provide the new perspective of the measurement that will be evaluated according to the current standards.

scholarly journals Low and contrasting impacts of vegetation CO<sub>2</sub> fertilization on terrestrial runoff over the past three decades: Accounting for above- and below-ground vegetation-CO<sub>2</sub> effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Yang ◽  
Tim R. McVicar ◽  
Dawen Yang ◽  
Yongqiang Zhang ◽  
Shilong Piao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Terrestrial Runoff ◽  
The Past ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Vegetation Water

Abstract. Elevation in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (eCO2) affects vegetation water use, with consequent impacts on terrestrial runoff (Q). However, the sign and magnitude of the eCO2 effect on Q is still contentious. This is partly due to the poor understanding of the opposing eCO2-induced water effects at different scales, being water-saving caused by partial stomatal closure at the leaf-level contrasting with increased water-consumption due to increase foliage cover at the canopy level, leading to highly debated findings among existing studies. None of the existing studies implicitly account for eCO2-induced changes to below-ground vegetation functioning. Here we develop an analytical eco-hydrological framework that includes the effects of eCO2 on plant leaf, canopy density, and rooting characteristics to attribute changes in Q and detect the eCO2 signal on Q over the past three decades. Globally, we detect a very small decrease of Q induced by eCO2 during 1982–2010 (−1.69 %). When assessed locally, along the resource availability (α) gradient, a positive trend (p 

Revocation of Citizenship and Rule of Law: How Judicial Review Defeated Britain's First Denaturalization Regime

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Weil ◽  
Nicholas Handler
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Political Order ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The Right ◽  
Western Democracies

Over the past decade, the United Kingdom has deprived an increasing number of British subjects of their citizenship. This policy, known as “denaturalization,” has been applied with particular harshness in cases where foreign-born subjects have been accused of terrorist activity. The increase is part of a global trend. In recent years, Canada, Australia, France, and the Netherlands have either debated or enacted denaturalization statutes. But Britain remains an outlier among Western democracies. Since 2006, the United Kingdom home secretary has revoked the citizenship of at least 373 Britons, of whom at least 53 have had alleged links to terrorism. This is more than the total number of revocations by Canada, France, Australia, and Netherlands combined. These developments are troubling, as the right to be secure in one's citizenship has been a cornerstone of the postwar European liberal political order, and of the international community's commitment to human rights.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the works published in periodicals and as part of the books, with major texts of A. E. Kulakovsky

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Pavlovich Nogovitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Unpublished Works

This article examines the works of A. E. Kulakovsky based on theoretical positions of D. S. Likhachev and practical data from commentaries to the volume II of A. E. Kulakovsky (author P. V. Maksimov), as well as conducts comparative analysis of the early versions with major texts of A. E. Kulakovsky. The subject of this research is the comparative analysis of A. E. Kulakovsky's early publications with major texts. The goal consists in determination and description of the authorial editing and revisions, which allows substantiating their motives for, as well as tracing the evolution of author&rsquo;s thought. The discrepancies between the texts of early period and major text are viewed as improvements: addition of lines, substitution of separate words, rearrangement lines and stanzas. The novelty of this study consists in substantiation of early publications of A. E. Kulakovsky and lifetime edition as the subject of textological research. From this perspective, early publications of the works of A. E. Kulakovsky's are attributed to as research materials of cross-disciplinary nature: as the testimonies of the stage of establishment of Yakut literature as a whole, and as the variants of writer's major texts that reveal the history of his works in particular. The relevance is defined by the fact that special textological studies of poet&rsquo;s separate works, including profound examination of historiographical part of his literary heritage, are currently of special significance. Over the past decade, a sizeable corpus of new documents related to A. E. Kulakovsky&rsquo;s biography, including the unpublished works and scientific writings, has been revealed; this gives a new perspective on the already familiar materials in the context of analysis of his evolution as a writer and the history of publication of his works in the XX century.

scholarly journals Research journey of respirasome

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wu ◽  
Jinke Gu ◽  
Shuai Zong ◽  
Runyu Guo ◽  
Tianya Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Macroscopic Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
High Resolution Structure ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Resolution Structure

AbstractRespirasome, as a vital part of the oxidative phosphorylation system, undertakes the task of transferring electrons from the electron donors to oxygen and produces a proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane through the coupled translocation of protons. Copious research has been carried out on this lynchpin of respiration. From the discovery of individual respiratory complexes to the report of the high-resolution structure of mammalian respiratory supercomplex I1III2IV1, scientists have gradually uncovered the mysterious veil of the electron transport chain (ETC). With the discovery of the mammalian respiratory mega complex I2III2IV2, a new perspective emerges in the research field of the ETC. Behind these advances glitters the light of the revolution in both theory and technology. Here, we give a short review about how scientists ‘see’ the structure and the mechanism of respirasome from the macroscopic scale to the atomic scale during the past decades.

scholarly journals Public opinion on crime, punishment and the death penalty in Barbados

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-320
Author(s):  
Lynsey Black ◽  
Lizzie Seal ◽  
Florence Seemungal
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Focus Group Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Global North ◽  
New Perspective

The bulk of extant research on public opinion on crime and punishment is focused on Global North nations. This article contributes a new perspective to the literature on punitivism by examining public opinion on crime, punishment and the death penalty in Barbados. The article presents insights from exploratory focus group research conducted in Barbados in 2017. These findings are particularly relevant as Barbadian lawmakers navigate reform of the nation’s death penalty law. While the focus groups reveal anxieties that echo those identified in other jurisdictions, related to nostalgia for the past and concern regarding social order for instance, they also demonstrate the specific relevance of time and place. Using approaches from Caribbean Criminology and drawing on post-colonial perspectives, the article examines the context of views on punishment in Barbados, including perceptions of ‘neo-colonial’ interference and concerns about what can be lost in the process of ‘progress’.

scholarly journals A Newly Discovered Relation between the Critical Resolved Shear Stress and the Fatigue Endurance Limit for Metallic Materials

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Marijo Mlikota ◽  
Siegfried Schmauder
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Endurance Limit ◽  
Multiscale Approach ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Strong Indication ◽  
The Past ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Critical Resolved Shear Stress ◽  
Fatigue Endurance

The paper introduces a valuable new description of fatigue strength in relation to material properties and thus a new perspective on the overall understanding of the fatigue process. Namely, a relation between the endurance limits and the accompanying values of the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) for various metallic materials has been discovered by means of a multiscale approach for fatigue simulation. Based on the uniqueness of the relation, there is a strong indication that it is feasible to relate the endurance limit to the CRSS and not to the ultimate strength, as often done in the past.

A New Perspective on the Syriac Hwayt Qāṭēl in a Non-Past Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-431
Author(s):  
Lidia Napiórkowska
Keyword(s):  
Past Tense ◽  
Verbal System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Tense Form ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function

Abstract This article presents a new perspective on the meaning and function of the Syriac construction hwayt qāṭēl used with a non-past reference. Beginning with the traditional method of cross-linguistic comparison, the author contextualizes the construction in question within a pragmatic- cognitive framework of general linguistics, an approach that has so far been largely overlooked in Syriac studies. The language used here for comparison is the literary Christian of Urmi, a modern dialect of Aramaic, whose verbal system presents itself as a valid typological parallel for Syriac. Thus, through analysing the renditions of hwayt qāṭēl in Christian Urmi Neo-Aramaic within the corpus of the New Testament, the semantics and function of the Syriac hwayt qāṭēl receive precise characteristics, followed by an attempt to explain the use of the past tense form hwayt (perfect) for the present-future reference. An additional brief treatment of other command-related forms in Syriac, such as the imperative and imperative-derived constructions, contributes further, more detailed observations on the Syriac verbal system.

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