Hydroclimatic Controls on Salt Fluxes and Halite Deposition in the Dead Sea and the Shaping of “Salt Giants”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ido Sirota ◽  
Raphael Ouillon ◽  
Ziv Mor ◽  
Eckart Meiburg ◽  
Yehouda Enzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Salt Flux ◽  
Stability Ratio ◽  
Thermohaline Structure ◽  
Diffusive Convection ◽  
Hypersaline Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Salt Deposits ◽  
The Dead

<p>As the only deep hypersaline, halite‐precipitating lake on Earth today, the Dead Sea is the<br>single modern analog for investigating the mechanisms by which large‐scale and thick salt deposits,<br>known as “salt giants”, have accreted in the geological record. We directly measure the hydroclimatic forcing<br>and the physical limnologic processes leading to halite sedimentation, the vertical thermohaline structure,<br>and salt fluxes in the Dead Sea. We demonstrate that changes in these forcing lead to strong seasonal<br>and regional variations in the stratification stability ratio, triggering corresponding spatiotemporal<br>variations in thermohaline staircase formation and diapycnal salt flux, and finally control the thickness of<br>the halite layer deposited. The observed staircase formation is consistent with the mean‐field γ instability,<br>causing layering in double‐diffusive convection. We show that double diffusion and thermohaline staircase<br>formation drive the spatial variability of halite deposition in hypersaline water bodies, underlying and<br>shaping “salt giants” basin architecture.</p>

scholarly journals Fungal life in the extremely hypersaline water of the Dead Sea: first records

1998 ◽  
Vol 265 (1404) ◽  
pp. 1461-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asya S. Buchalo ◽  
Eviatar Nevo ◽  
Solomon P. Wasser ◽  
Aharon Oren ◽  
Hans P. Molitoris
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea ◽  
Hypersaline Water ◽  
The Dead

scholarly journals Do People Live at Sea Level and the Dead Sea Level Have Different Patterns of Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Arwa Ali Alhroot ◽  
Alen Fareed Alfanek ◽  
Muna Alkhushman ◽  
Amal Saad Eldeen Aljariri ◽  
Diana A. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender

Background: people live at various areas of sea level may have different patterns of anti-hypertensive drugs. Such a relation has never been reported in Jordan. Study objectives: the current study investigated how the sea level will impact the prevalence of hypertension in these areas, and how will affect the pharmacological properties of such a population. Methodology: a cross-sectional study design was involved to collect data from study participants. A total of 1000 participants were randomly selected from the two study areas. 500 participants from each. Participants were matched for age and gender. Blood pressure were measured for all participants. Blood samples were withdrawn to investigate the level of angiotensin II. Data was collected through organizing a working excel sheet and was further analyzed through using SPSS version 20. Data was presented as means, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages. The relationships between variables were examined using independent T-test. Significance was measured at an alpha < 0.05. Study findings: the main findings of the present study were that the mean of SBP is significantly higher in the Dead Sea (122.42±10.53 mmHg) than the Sea level area (118.07±11.64 mmHg), (p=0.001). Another significant variable was MBP which its mean was 91.64 ± 8.90 mmHg in the Dead Sea and 89.84 ± 8.72 mm Hg. The difference in the mean was statistically significant (p=0.001). The level of angiotensin II was 8.84 ± 4.65pg/ml in the Dead Sea area and 11.21± 6.05pg/ml in the area of the Sea level. The difference in the mean of the two study areas was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: although the level of angiotensin II was not significantly varied between the study areas, but its trend was to be higher in the Sea level area. It was surprised to have higher levels of SBP and MBP in the Dead Sea rather than the Seal level area. It can be implied that the therapeutic options of hypertensive drugs follow different patterns independent of angiotensin II pathways.

Salt Deposits of the Dead Sea Region

1968 ◽  
pp. 139-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaacov K. Bentor
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea ◽  
Salt Deposits ◽  
The Dead

Unraveling temperature and hydrological conditions of salt deposits by measuring the speed of sound in halite fluid inclusions: the case of the Last Interglacial Dead Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Guillerm ◽  
Véronique Gardien ◽  
Niels Brall ◽  
Markus J. Schwab ◽  
Adeline Lach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Brillouin Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
Salt Deposits ◽  
The Dead ◽  
A New Technique

&lt;p&gt;Salt deposits found throughout the geological record and across the globe are witnesses of extreme paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental conditions. However, little is known about the hydrological conditions that gave rise to these deposits, and the role of temperatures is even less constrained. Here we have used a new technique, Brillouin spectroscopy, &amp;#160;to investigate the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions that led to the deposit of a thick salt sequence in the Dead Sea during the Last Interglacial (LIG, ~135,000 to 115,000 years before present). Through measuring the speed of sound inside halite fluid inclusions (FIs), this method provides the parent brine temperature and salinity at the moment of crystal growth. We applied it to several tens of halite intervals from the 450-meters-long core 5017-1 drilled in 2010-2011 in the deepest part of the Dead Sea in Palestine within the framework of the Dead Sea Deep Drilling Project (DSDDP). The application of Brillouin spectroscopy to this record provides a unique quantification of temperature and hydrological changes in this area during the LIG and outlines a radically new narrative for the climate of the region during this period. The example of the Dead Sea shows that Brillouin spectroscopy on halite FIs is in position to provide valuable data to test the efficiency of climate models and to better understand the processes that lead to the deposition of salt giants.&lt;/p&gt;

Thermochemistry of natural hypersaline water systems using the Dead Sea as a case

1990 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1199-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris S. Krumgalz ◽  
Raymond Bury ◽  
Claude Treiner
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hypersaline Water ◽  
The Dead

scholarly journals Evidence for double diffusion in temperate meromictic lakes

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. von Rohden ◽  
B. Boehrer ◽  
J. Ilmberger
Keyword(s):  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Stability Ratio ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Convective Mixing ◽  
Diffusive Convection ◽  
Seasonal Basis ◽  
Mixing Patterns ◽  
Diffusive Effects ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Double Diffusive

Abstract. We present CTD-measurements from two shallow meromictic mining lakes. The lakes, which differ in size and depth, show completely different seasonal mixing patterns in their mixolimnia. However, the measurements document the occurrence of similar seasonal convective mixing in discrete layers within their monimolimnia. This mixing is induced by double diffusion and can be identified by the characteristic step-like structure of the temperature and electrical conductivity profiles. The steps develop in the upper part of the monimolimnion, when in autumn cooling mixolimnion temperatures have dropped below temperatures of the underlying monimolimnion. The density gradient across the chemocline due to solutes overcompensates the destabilizing temperature gradient, and moreover, keeps the vertical transport close to molecular level. In conclusion, preconditions for double diffusive effects are given on a seasonal basis. At in general high local stabilities N2 in the monimolimnia of 10−4–10−2s−2, the stability ratio Rρ was in the range of 1–20. This quantitatively indicates that double diffusion can become visible. Between 1 and 6 sequent steps, with sizes between 1 dm and 1 m, were visually identified in the CTD-profiles. In the lower monimolimnion of the deeper lake, the steps systematically emerge at a time delay of more than half a year, which matches with the progression of the mixolimnetic temperature changes into the monimolimnion. In none of the lakes, the chemocline interface is degraded by these processes. However, double diffusive convection is essential for the redistribution of solutes in the inner parts of the monimolimnion at longer time scales, which is crucial for the assessment of the ecologic development of such lakes.

scholarly journals Microbial community analysis of the hypersaline water of the Dead Sea using high-throughput amplicon sequencing

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. e00500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob H. Jacob ◽  
Emad I. Hussein ◽  
Muhamad Ali K. Shakhatreh ◽  
Christopher T. Cornelison
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Hypersaline Water ◽  
The Dead
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