Tracing the transport of organic colloids in porous media using tailored poly(ethylene glycol)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Ritschel ◽  
Katharina Lehmann ◽  
Michaela Brunzel ◽  
Jürgen Vitz ◽  
Ivo Nischang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Colloid Interface ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Polymer Backbone ◽  
Colloidal Transport ◽  
Poly Ethylene

<p>A large fraction of organic matter in natural aqueous soil solutions is given by molecules in sizes above one nanometer, which classifies them as colloids according to the IUPAC definition. Such colloids feature discernable mobility in soils and their transport is decisive for the cycling of carbon as well as the migration of nutrients or contaminants. Yet, their size-dependent hydrodynamics and functional diversity result in transport phenomena that are specific to colloids and, thus, largely differ from those observed for smaller substances. Still, tracers that appropriately represent small organic colloids are not available and the investigation of their transport in laboratory column experiments, in dependence of size and chemistry, remains difficult. To overcome this limitation, we tested if well-defined synthetic polymers in the colloidal size range are suitable as non-conventional tracers of colloidal transport. As polymer backbone, we selected poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) due to its high water-solubility and established pathway of synthesis that permits tailoring of functional moieties to the fullest extent. An easy and sensitive detection in the aqueous phase became possible by using a fluorophore as starting group. After full characterization, we studied PEG adsorption to quartz, illite, goethite, and their mixtures in batch and column transport experiments. In numerical simulations, we successfully reconstructed and predicted PEG transport based on its physicochemical as well as hydrodynamic properties and, thus, show that PEG transport can be comprehensively and quantitatively studied. Considering also its low adverse effect on the environment, functional PEG therefore presents as promising candidate to be used as organic tracer, designable in the size range of natural organic (macro-)molecules (Ritschel et al., 2021).</p><p>References</p><p>Ritschel, T., Lehmann, K., Brunzel, M., Vitz, J., Nischang, I., Schubert, U., Totsche, K. U. (2021) <strong>Well-defined poly(ethylene glycol) polymers as non-conventional reactive tracers of colloidal transport in porous media</strong>.<em> J. Colloid Interface Sci.</em> 548, 592-601, doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.09.056.</p>

scholarly journals Well-defined poly(ethylene glycol) polymers as non-conventional reactive tracers of colloidal transport in porous media

2021 ◽  
Vol 584 ◽  
pp. 592-601
Author(s):  
Thomas Ritschel ◽  
Katharina Lehmann ◽  
Michaela Brunzel ◽  
Jürgen Vitz ◽  
Ivo Nischang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Colloidal Transport ◽  
Transport In Porous Media ◽  
Reactive Tracers ◽  
Poly Ethylene

scholarly journals Synthesis of Michael Acceptor Ionomers of Poly(4-Sulfonated Styrene-co-Poly(ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Acrylate)

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steevens N. S. Alconcel ◽  
Gregory N. Grover ◽  
Nicholas M. Matsumoto ◽  
Heather D. Maynard
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Polymer Backbone ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Michael Acceptor ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Glycol Methyl Ether

Ionomers containing sodium 4-styrene sulfonate (4SS) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGA) were synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The polymerization was mediated by 1-phenylethyl dithiobenzoate chain transfer agent in a dimethylformamide/water solvent system. Well-defined copolymers of pPEGA-co-4SS were produced with molecular weights ranging from 10 to 40 kDa and polydispersity indices of 1.06–1.18 by gel permeation chromatography against monodisperse poly(methyl methacrylate) standards. After polymerization, the dithioester was reduced and trapped in situ with divinyl sulfone to produce a well-defined, semitelechelic pPEGA-co-4SS Michael acceptor polymer. UV-visible, infrared, and 1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed that the integrity of the polymer backbone was maintained and that the vinyl sulfone was successfully incorporated at the chain end.

scholarly journals Well-Defined Diblock Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Based Polymer-Drug Conjugate Micelles for pH-Responsive Delivery of Doxorubicin

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Jafari ◽  
Lingyue Yan ◽  
Mohamed Alaa Mohamed ◽  
Yun Wu ◽  
Chong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Diblock Copolymer ◽  
Click Reaction ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Polymer Backbone ◽  
Drug Conjugate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Nanoparticles have emerged as versatile carriers for various therapeutics and can potentially treat a wide range of diseases in an accurate and disease-specific manner. Polymeric biomaterials have gained tremendous attention over the past decades, owing to their tunable structure and properties. Aliphatic polyesters have appealing attributes, including biodegradability, non-toxicity, and the ability to incorporate functional groups within the polymer backbone. Such distinctive properties have rendered them as a class of highly promising biomaterials for various biomedical applications. In this article, well-defined alkyne-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL) diblock copolymer was synthesized and studied for pH-responsive delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). The alkyne-functionalized PEG-b-PCL diblock copolymer was prepared by the synthesis of an alkyne-functionalized ε-caprolactone (CL), followed by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) using PEG as the macroinitiator. The alkyne functionalities of PEG-b-PCL were modified through copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction to graft aldehyde (ALD) groups and obtain PEG-b-PCL-g-ALD. Subsequently, DOX was conjugated on PEG-b-PCL-g-ALD through the Schiff base reaction. The resulting PEG-b-PCL-g-DOX polymer-drug conjugate (PDC) self-assembled into a nano-sized micellar structure with facilitated DOX release in acidic pH due to the pH-responsive linkage. The nanostructures of PDC micelles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In vitro studies of the PDC micelles, revealed their improved anticancer efficiency towards MCF-7 cells as compared to free DOX.

scholarly journals Poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone)-based micelles for solubilization and tumor-targeted delivery of silibinin

Bioimpacts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashkan Hassankhani Rad ◽  
Farshid Asiaee ◽  
Sevda Jafari ◽  
Ali Shayanfar ◽  
Afsaneh Lavasanifar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
The One ◽  
Dialysis Bag

Introduction: Silibinin is a naturally occurring compound with known positive impacts on prevention and treatment of many types of human illnesses in general and cancer in particular. Silibinin is poorly water soluble which results in its insufficient bioavailability and lack of therapeutic efficacy in cancer. Here, we proposed to examine the potential of micelles composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the hydrophilic block and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(α-benzylcarboxylate-ε-caprolactone) (PBCL), or poly(lactide)-(PBCL) (PLA-PBCL) as hydrophobic blocks for enhancing the water solubility of silibinin and its targeted delivery to tumor. Methods: Co-solvent evaporation method was used to incorporate silibinin into PEG-PCL based micelles. Drug release profiles were assessed using dialysis bag method. MTT assay also was used to analyze functional activity of drug delivery in B16 melanoma cells. Results: Silibinin encapsulated micelles were shown to be less than 60 nm in size. Among different structures under study, the one with PEG-PBCL could incorporate silibinin with the highest encapsulation efficiency being 95.5%, on average. PEG-PBCL micelles could solubilize 1 mg silibinin in 1 mL water while the soluble amount of silibinin was found to be 0.092 mg/mL in the absence of polymeric micelles. PEG-PBCL micelles provided the sustained release of silibinin indicated with less than 30% release of silibinin within 24 hours. Silibinin encapsulated in PEG-PBCL micelles resulted in growth inhibitory effect in B16 cancer cells which was significantly higher than what observed with free drug. Conclusion: Our findings showed that PEG-PBCL micellar nanocarriers can be a useful vehicle for solubilization and targeted delivery of silibinin.

scholarly journals Self-assembled nanoparticles enable delivery of VCP inhibitor, resulting in enhanced photoreceptor protection in retinal explants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Sen ◽  
MD Al-Amin ◽  
Eva Kickova ◽  
Amir Sadeghi ◽  
Jooseppi Puranen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Retinal Degeneration ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Retinal Explants ◽  
Lower Drug ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Mutations in rhodopsin lead to its misfolding resulting in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). Pharmacological inhibition of the ATP-driven chaperone valosin-containing protein (VCP), a molecular checkpoint for protein quality control, slows down retinal degeneration in animal models. However, poor water-solubility of VCP inhibitors poses a challenge to their clinical translation as intravitreal injections for retinal treatment. In order to enable the delivery of VCP inhibitors, we have developed and investigated two formulations for the VCP inhibitor ML240. Nanoformulations of ML240 were obtained by using amphiphilic polymers methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol)5kDa-cholane (mPEG5kDa-cholane) and methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol)5kDa-cholesterol (mPEG5kDa-cholesterol). Both formulations increased the water-solubility of ML240 by two orders of magnitude and prolonged the drug released over ten days. Encapsulation of ML240 in mPEG5kDa-cholane showed superior photoreceptor protection at lower drug concentrations, normalized rhodopsin localization, and alleviated inflammatory microglial responses in an ex vivo rat model of retinal degeneration. The study demonstrates the potential of VCP inhibitor nanoformulations to treat adRP, a pharmacologically orphan disease.

Synthesis and Application of New Photocrosslinkers for Poly(ethylene glycol)

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakim Mehenni ◽  
Vincent Pourcelle ◽  
Jean-François Gohy ◽  
Jacqueline Marchand-Brynaert
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Functional Polymers ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Polymer Backbone ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Exogenous Agents ◽  
Commercial Sources ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Photocrosslinking of polyethylene glycol (PEG) using exogenous agents is a convenient way to produce branched PEG from commercial sources thus avoiding the tricky synthesis of new reactive and functional polymers. In this study, we synthesized two series of new photocrosslinkers, i.e. bis-fluorophenyl azide and bis-trifluoromethyl diazirine, which under soft UV-irradiation produce reactive species (i.e. nitrene and carbene respectively) that insert into the C–H bond of the polymer backbone, building new bridges between macromolecular chains. These photocrosslinkers are different in terms of behaviour under irradiation and affinity for the target substrate (i.e. PEG). Thus, practical conditions for photocrosslinking of a 10-kDa PEG were studied and followed by NMR and size-exclusion chromatography. In particular, we investigated irradiation in bulk or in solvent, at different irradiation times, with several concentrations of PEG and photolinkers. Finally, we were able to design a procedure to obtain soluble crosslinked PEGs of 300 kDa.

Synthesis and photophysical properties of silicon(IV) tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines axially substituted with ethylene glycol chains as potential photosensitizer

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (08) ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheol Jun Song ◽  
Jong Min Park ◽  
Wang Yao ◽  
Chang Young Jung ◽  
Jae Yun Jaung
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Metabolic Conversion ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Photodynamic therapy involves administration of a tumor-localizing photosensitizer, which may require metabolic conversion, followed by activation of the photosensitizer with light of a specific wavelength. In this paper, we report the design and synthesis of silicon(IV) tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines derived from 5,9,9-trimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,8-methanoquinoxaline-2,3-dicarbonitrile. The HO –( CH 2 CH 2 O )n– CH 3 groups were introduced at axial positions to give a specific functionality. In particular, poly(ethylene glycol) groups were expected to increase water solubility without changing the λmax.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document