Laboratory test results of a new developed low-cost and open-source inclinometer based on MEMS technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ruzza ◽  
Paola Revellino ◽  
Francesco Maria Guadagno
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Measuring Module

<p>The stationary or in-place inclinometer is the main high-performance solution in landslide monitoring applications due to its capability of tracking real time displacement at different depth and supporting early warning. Despite that and the general need of data for understanding landslide behaviour, the high cost of in-place inclinometers, in most cases, limit or prevent their use. On this basis, we started developing a low-cost and open source, modular MEMS-based inclinometer that uses multiple Arduino boards as processing units. Although MEMS accelerometers have many advantages in comparison with traditional high-precision electromechanical sensors, they are very sensible to temperature variation (i.e. thermal drifting).</p><p>In order to compensating thermal drifting a specific thermal analysis and an associated simple compensation strategy were used. After the mitigation of thermal bias, the electronic devices were designed, built and assembled.</p><p>The developed inclinometer system is composed of two main electronic systems: 1) a multiple electronic device (i.e. a MEMS accelerometer, the IMU reading interface and a communication board) installed within each measuring module; 2) an external master control unit, based on the Arduino platform coupled with a dedicated developed interface board. The master unit reads tilt value from each measuring module through a communication interface. This unit was developed to allow interfacing of additional digital or analog sensors (e.g. water content, rain gauge, etc..), and control additional parameters.</p><p>A steel casing for measuring components was designed and built. For each measuring unit, a squared-section case, consisting of a 30 cm long tube equipped with 4 elements that allow the installation the instrument within a standard inclinometric tubes, was prepared and assembled.</p><p>After system assembling, displacement of the inclinometric column was first simulated by a laboratory test. In particular, we used a supporting frame that allowed to vertically align the modules. The auxiliary frame was specifically designed to drive displacement along a selected axis and to register the maximum displacement at the head of the inclinometric column. In this way, the lower module is kept fixed. This test permitted to obtain a number of different synthetic deformation curves that form a basis for checking the accuracy of the instrumentation measurement. Result obtained highlight the potential use of our system for real monitoring application. The next step will be to install the instrumentation on site to check its operation in real field conditions.</p>

Low cost precipitation measurement in remote areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Brziak ◽  
Peter Valent ◽  
Martin Kubáň
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Dynamic Calibration ◽  
Remote Areas

<p>Accurate measurements of atmospheric precipitation play an important role in solving a large variety of water management problems. The relatively low spatial and temporal resolution of the monitoring network in remote areas puts significant constraints on its use in small-scale studies, where a high spatial and temporal resolution is a must. Until quite recently, the high cost of the commercial devices that have to be deployed to fill in the gaps in space and time domains was very often the main factor restricting the focus of both scientific research and commercial applications on larger scales. The first decades of the 21<sup>st</sup> century brought about massive advancements in the field of low-cost electronics, sensors, and rapid prototyping techniques. Moreover, a number of open source software solutions came into existence that provides ready-to-use tools to store, analyse and transfer data. This inspired a large community of scientists and makers to build their own prototypes of measuring instruments or dataloggers, often for a fraction of the cost of the commercial devices that comply with their specific needs.</p><p>This study presents the process of the development and calibration of a low-cost rain gauge for measuring atmospheric precipitation. The prototype was designed as a two-chamber tipping-bucket rain gauge built around the Arduino open-source electronics platform. The advent of 3D printing enabled the rapid prototyping of the mechanical parts of the rain gauge, which are made of a durable ABS thermoplastic material. The study also presents the process of rain gauge calibration, with both volumetric and dynamic calibration procedures used. The rain gauge was set at a resolution of 0.5 mm with a standard deviation of  ±0.01 mm. The results of the dynamic calibration also showed that the behaviour of the rain gauge complies with that of the commercial devices.</p><p>The low cost and precision of this type of instrumentation make it ideal for applications in which there is a high risk of its being damaged or even lost. In addition, the open-source aspect of the project, its low-cost, and the relatively minor requirements for its construction make it a good candidate for use in citizen-science partnerships, which are becoming very popular, mainly due to their popularization benefits.             </p>

scholarly journals Monitoring of Landslides in Mountainous Regions based on FEM Modelling and Rain Gauge Measurements

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quoc-Anh Gian ◽  
Dinh-Chinh Nguyen ◽  
Duc-Nghia Tran ◽  
Duc-Tan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Finite Element Method Simulation ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Weather Events

<p><span>Vietnam is a country heavily influenced by climate change. The effect of climate change leads to a series of dangerous phenomena, such as landslides. Landslides occur not only in the mountainous province, but also in Delta provinces, where hundreds of landslides are reported annually in the North-Western provinces of Vietnam. These events have catastrophic impact to the community as well as the economy. In mountainous areas, the conditions for landslides to occur are met frequently, especially after heavy rains or geological activity, causing harm to the community as well as damaging or destroying much needed infrastructure and key transport routes. However, in Vietnam, investment in mountainous regions has been often lower than in urban areas. The meteorology monitoring and forecasting systems are ill equipped and overloaded, so they cannot deliver earlier and more accurate forecasts for complex weather events, unable to provide timely warnings. It can be seen that in countries that landslide often occur, researchers have been trying to develop low cost and efficient landslide detection system. This paper precisely addressed the problems mentioned, by designing and implementing an efficient and reliable Landslide Monitoring and Early Warning (LMnE) system based on the 3G/2G mobile communication system, and a rain gauge at the field site along with a carefully FEM (finite element method) simulation using the rain density information on the server. The system uses advanced processing algorithms combining obtained data at the central station.</span></p>

scholarly journals Crush Simulation of Cars with FEA

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Jürgen Bathe
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Inertia Effects ◽  
Solution Algorithms ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Numerical Experimentation

This article illustrates that while crash analyses have been carried out with success, a crush analysis is much more difficult to achieve. In a crash analysis, the inertia effects smooth out the nonlinearities and deficiencies in the solution algorithms. In a crush test, it takes about 10 to 30 seconds to crush the car to the required maximum displacement of the steel plate. Since the critical time step for explicit time integration in a crash code is on the order of microseconds, millions of time steps must be used to perform the analysis in a physically correct manner. With sufficient numerical experimentation, involving changes to the load application speed and perhaps to other parameters, LSDYNA results can be obtained that would match laboratory test results, but such experimentation requires a lot of time and computational effort. A solution that corresponds to the actual physical conditions and is computationally efficient is much more desirable. Such a computed solution is given above for a Ford Taurus model. The calculated crush results obtained with ADINA using implicit integration compare favorably with the laboratory test results.

Monitoring of Landslides in Mountainous Regions based on FEM Modelling and Rain Gauge Measurements

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2106
Author(s):  
Quoc-Anh Gian ◽  
Dinh-Chinh Nguyen ◽  
Duc-Nghia Tran ◽  
Duc-Tan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Finite Element Method Simulation ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Weather Events

<p><span>Vietnam is a country heavily influenced by climate change. The effect of climate change leads to a series of dangerous phenomena, such as landslides. Landslides occur not only in the mountainous province, but also in Delta provinces, where hundreds of landslides are reported annually in the North-Western provinces of Vietnam. These events have catastrophic impact to the community as well as the economy. In mountainous areas, the conditions for landslides to occur are met frequently, especially after heavy rains or geological activity, causing harm to the community as well as damaging or destroying much needed infrastructure and key transport routes. However, in Vietnam, investment in mountainous regions has been often lower than in urban areas. The meteorology monitoring and forecasting systems are ill equipped and overloaded, so they cannot deliver earlier and more accurate forecasts for complex weather events, unable to provide timely warnings. It can be seen that in countries that landslide often occur, researchers have been trying to develop low cost and efficient landslide detection system. This paper precisely addressed the problems mentioned, by designing and implementing an efficient and reliable Landslide Monitoring and Early Warning (LMnE) system based on the 3G/2G mobile communication system, and a rain gauge at the field site along with a carefully FEM (finite element method) simulation using the rain density information on the server. The system uses advanced processing algorithms combining obtained data at the central station.</span></p>

DIY approach to measuring surface water properties in the estuary

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Divić ◽  
Morena Galešić ◽  
Mariaines Di Dato ◽  
Marina Tavra ◽  
Roko Andričević
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Water Properties ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Measuring Module

&lt;p&gt;The monitoring of water bodies, specifically complex ones such as estuaries, has been historically limited. Various research efforts were hindered due to the gaps in the technology implementation and accompanied by the price of developed solutions (usually as a black box for the end-user). However, thanks to the growing trend of open source solutions both in hardware and software domain, it has become more available to apply the DIY (do it yourself) approach and build the equipment that one might need. As all frugal innovations tend to emerge from a problem that had an existing commercial solution but was too demanding on resources, the floating measurement system presented in this study was designed to get surface water properties simultaneously in multiple points. Using multiple commercial probes to do such measurements was too expensive. Therefore, we have developed an innovative low-cost drifter based on the Arduino platform as an alternative. Our device is designed to measure position, temperature, and electrical conductivity in multiple drifter realisations or short-term moored measurements. The system consists of a floating container equipped with the following components: an Arduino Mega development board, a power management module, an SD card logging module, a Bluetooth module, a temperature measuring module, a global positioning satellite (GPS) position module, and a newly developed module for measuring electrical conductivity (EC). The applicability was tested at the estuary of River Jadro near Split (Croatia) and obtained spatial data (velocity, temperature, electrical conductivity and salinity) was analysed and compared with analytical models. All used tools are open-source and greatly supported by the worldwide community. Furthermore, we consider this prototype to be one of the first steps toward development of various DIY monitoring systems with a potential for a broader range of applications. We present our work with a purpose to initiate a dialogue with more collaborators interested in developing different variations of custom-built sensors for water properties.&lt;/p&gt;

Rapid mapping accuracy assessment using low-cost UAV and open-source Structure from Motion

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Ettore Potente ◽  
Cosimo Cagnazzo ◽  
Alessandro Deodati ◽  
Giuseppe Mastronuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mapping Accuracy ◽  
Rapid Mapping ◽  
Source Structure

PyDOSS: An open-source Python-based communicable disease outbreak surveillance system designed and used in a COVID-19 community care facility (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Fang ◽  
Jonathan Kia-Sheng Phua ◽  
Terrence Chiew ◽  
Daniel De-Liang Loh ◽  
Lincoln Ming Han Liow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Increased Risk

BACKGROUND During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, community care facilities (CCF) were set up as temporary out-of-hospital isolation facilities to contain the surge of cases in Singapore. Confined living spaces within CCFs posed an increased risk of communicable disease spread among residents. OBJECTIVE This inspired our healthcare team managing a CCF operation to design a low-cost communicable disease outbreak surveillance system (CDOSS). METHODS Our CDOSS was designed with the following considerations: (1) comprehensiveness, (2) efficiency through passive reconnoitering from electronic medical record (EMR) data, (3) ability to provide spatiotemporal insights, (4) low-cost and (5) ease of use. We used Python to develop a lightweight application – Python-based Communicable Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (PyDOSS) – that was able perform syndromic surveillance and fever monitoring. With minimal user actions, its data pipeline would generate daily control charts and geospatial heat maps of cases from raw EMR data and logged vital signs. PyDOSS was successfully implemented as part of our CCF workflow. We also simulated a gastroenteritis (GE) outbreak to test the effectiveness of the system. RESULTS PyDOSS was used throughout the entire duration of operation; the output was reviewed daily by senior management. No disease outbreaks were identified during our medical operation. In the simulated GE outbreak, PyDOSS was able to effectively detect an outbreak within 24 hours and provided information about cluster progression which could aid in contact tracing. The code for a stock version of PyDOSS has been made publicly available. CONCLUSIONS PyDOSS is an effective surveillance system which was successfully implemented in a real-life medical operation. With the system developed using open-source technology and the code made freely available, it significantly reduces the cost of developing and operating CDOSS and may be useful for similar temporary medical operations, or in resource-limited settings.

Effect of Ibuprofen on Serum Laboratory Test Results

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1034
Author(s):  
Carol L. Colvin ◽  
Raymond J. Townsend ◽  
William R. Gillespie ◽  
Kenneth S. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Laboratory Test Results
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