Monitoring of Landslides in Mountainous Regions based on FEM Modelling and Rain Gauge Measurements

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2106
Author(s):  
Quoc-Anh Gian ◽  
Dinh-Chinh Nguyen ◽  
Duc-Nghia Tran ◽  
Duc-Tan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Finite Element Method Simulation ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Weather Events

<p><span>Vietnam is a country heavily influenced by climate change. The effect of climate change leads to a series of dangerous phenomena, such as landslides. Landslides occur not only in the mountainous province, but also in Delta provinces, where hundreds of landslides are reported annually in the North-Western provinces of Vietnam. These events have catastrophic impact to the community as well as the economy. In mountainous areas, the conditions for landslides to occur are met frequently, especially after heavy rains or geological activity, causing harm to the community as well as damaging or destroying much needed infrastructure and key transport routes. However, in Vietnam, investment in mountainous regions has been often lower than in urban areas. The meteorology monitoring and forecasting systems are ill equipped and overloaded, so they cannot deliver earlier and more accurate forecasts for complex weather events, unable to provide timely warnings. It can be seen that in countries that landslide often occur, researchers have been trying to develop low cost and efficient landslide detection system. This paper precisely addressed the problems mentioned, by designing and implementing an efficient and reliable Landslide Monitoring and Early Warning (LMnE) system based on the 3G/2G mobile communication system, and a rain gauge at the field site along with a carefully FEM (finite element method) simulation using the rain density information on the server. The system uses advanced processing algorithms combining obtained data at the central station.</span></p>

scholarly journals Monitoring of Landslides in Mountainous Regions based on FEM Modelling and Rain Gauge Measurements

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quoc-Anh Gian ◽  
Dinh-Chinh Nguyen ◽  
Duc-Nghia Tran ◽  
Duc-Tan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Finite Element Method Simulation ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Weather Events

<p><span>Vietnam is a country heavily influenced by climate change. The effect of climate change leads to a series of dangerous phenomena, such as landslides. Landslides occur not only in the mountainous province, but also in Delta provinces, where hundreds of landslides are reported annually in the North-Western provinces of Vietnam. These events have catastrophic impact to the community as well as the economy. In mountainous areas, the conditions for landslides to occur are met frequently, especially after heavy rains or geological activity, causing harm to the community as well as damaging or destroying much needed infrastructure and key transport routes. However, in Vietnam, investment in mountainous regions has been often lower than in urban areas. The meteorology monitoring and forecasting systems are ill equipped and overloaded, so they cannot deliver earlier and more accurate forecasts for complex weather events, unable to provide timely warnings. It can be seen that in countries that landslide often occur, researchers have been trying to develop low cost and efficient landslide detection system. This paper precisely addressed the problems mentioned, by designing and implementing an efficient and reliable Landslide Monitoring and Early Warning (LMnE) system based on the 3G/2G mobile communication system, and a rain gauge at the field site along with a carefully FEM (finite element method) simulation using the rain density information on the server. The system uses advanced processing algorithms combining obtained data at the central station.</span></p>

scholarly journals Climate Change, Mining and Traditional Indigenous Knowledge in Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Birch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Depth Of Knowledge ◽  
The North ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Indigenous Society

Australia, in common with nations globally, faces an immediate and future environmental and economic challenge as an outcome of climate change. Indigenous communities in Australia, some who live a precarious economic and social existence, are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Impacts are already being experienced through dramatic weather events such as floods and bushfires. Other, more gradual changes, such as rising sea levels in the north of Australia, will have long-term negative consequences on communities, including the possibility of forced relocation. Climate change is also a historical phenomenon, and Indigenous communities hold a depth of knowledge of climate change and its impact on local ecologies of benefit to the wider community when policies to deal with an increasingly warmer world are considered. Non-Indigenous society must respect this knowledge and facilitate alliances with Indigenous communities based on a greater recognition of traditional knowledge systems.

scholarly journals Wireless Technology for Monitoring Site-specific Landslide in Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4448
Author(s):  
Gian Quoc-Anh ◽  
Nguyen Dinh-Chinh ◽  
Tran Duc-Nghia ◽  
Tran Duc-Tan ◽  
Kieu Nguyen Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Wireless Technology ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
Current Monitoring

<p>Climate change has caused an increasing number of landslides, especially in the mountainous provinces of Vietnam, resulting in the destruction of vital transport and other infrastructure. Current monitoring and forecasting systems of the meteorology department cannot deliver accurate and reliable forecasts for weather events and issue timely warnings. This paper describes the development of a simple, low cost, and efficient system for monitoring and warning landslide in real-time. The authors focus on the use of wireless and related technologies in the implementation of a technical solution and some of the problems of the wireless sensor network (WSN) related to power consumption. Promising compressed sensing (CS) based solution for landslide monitoring is discussed and evaluated in the paper.</p>

scholarly journals Climate Change and Conservation Biology as it Relates to Urban Environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Noll ◽  
Michael Goldsby
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Urban Contexts

Climate change continues to have recognizable impacts across the globe, as weather patterns shift and impacts accumulate and intensify. In this wider context, urban areas face significant challenges as they attempt to mitigate dynamic changes at the local level — changes such as those caused by intensifying weather events, the disruption of critical supplies, and the deterioration of local ecosystems. One field that could help urban areas address these challenges is conservation biology. However, this paper presents the argument that work in urban contexts may be especially difficult for conservation biologists. In light of current climate change predictions, conservation biology may need to abandon some of its core values in favor of commitments guiding urban ecology. More broadly, this essay aims to reconcile the goals of restoration and conservation, by reconceptualizing what an ecosystem is, in the context of a world threatened by global climate change.

scholarly journals Underground Cities : Sustainable Urbanism of the Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 1754-1757
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Natural Catastrophes ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Sustainable Urbanism ◽  
The World ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Cities across the world are the main contributors to climate change but at the same time they are also the most vulnerable to its consequences. Some of the disastrous impacts of climate change include extreme weather events, periods of extreme heat and cold, high precipitation, floods, strong cyclones and storms. There is a need for urban design guidelines to effectively address the issues of climate chanbe and increase the resilience of cities. One way to adapt to this is through engineered infrastructure. Today nearly 70% of the world live in urban areas and in the next 20 years two billion more people are expected to move to the cities. With increasing urban densification land and buildable areas are going to become increasingly scarce. One possible solution is to build downwards instead of upwards. Underground areas are less susceptible to external influences and have the ability to better withstand natural catastrophes and hence can be sustainable solution for an unpredictable future. This paper will analyze the viability of underground cities through examples from history and existing case studies along with new upcoming proposals and probe how using underground spaces can increase the resilience of future cities

Automated detection of urban heat islands based on satellite imagery, digital surface models, and a low-cost sensor network                                     

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Schlögl ◽  
Nico Bader ◽  
Julien Gérard Anet ◽  
Martin Frey ◽  
Curdin Spirig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Urban Heat

&lt;p&gt;Today, more than half of the world&amp;#8217;s population lives in urban areas and the proportion is projected to increase further in the near future. The increased number of heatwaves worldwide caused by the anthropogenic climate change may lead to heat stress and significant economic and ecological damages. Therefore, the growth of urban areas in combination with climate change can increase future mortality rates in cities, given that cities are more vulnerable to heatwaves due to the greater heat storage capacity of artificial surfaces towards higher longwave radiation fluxes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To detect urban heat islands and resolve the micro-scale air temperature field in an urban environment, a low-cost air temperature network, including 450 sensors, was installed in the Swiss cities of Zurich and Basel in 2019 and 2020. These air temperature data, complemented with further official measurement stations, force a statistical air temperature downscaling model for urban environments, which is used operationally to calculate hourly micro-scale air temperatures in 10 m horizontal resolution. In addition to air temperature measurements from the low-cost sensor network, the model is further forced by albedo, NDVI, and NDBI values generated from the polar-orbiting satellite Sentinel-2, land surface temperatures estimated from Landsat-8, and high-resolution digital surface and elevation models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Urban heat islands (UHI) are processed averaging hourly air temperatures over an entire year for each grid point, and comparing this average to the overall average in rural areas. UHI effects can then be correlated to high-resolution local climate zone maps and other local factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Between 60-80 % of the urban area is modeled with an accuracy below 1 K for an hourly time step indicating that the approach may work well in different cities. However, the outcome may depend on the complexity of the cities. The model error decreases rapidly by increasing the number of spatially distributed sensor data used to train the model, from 0 to 70 sensors, and then plateaus with further increases. An accuracy below 1 K can be expected for more than 50 air temperature measurements within the investigated cities and the surrounding rural areas.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A strong statistical air temperature model coupled with atmospheric boundary layer models (e.g. PALM-4U, MUKLIMO, FITNAH) will aid to generate highly resolved urban heat island prediction maps that help decision-makers to identify local heat islands easier. This will ensure that financial resources will be invested as efficiently as possible in mitigation actions.&lt;/p&gt;

Laboratory test results of a new developed low-cost and open-source inclinometer based on MEMS technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ruzza ◽  
Paola Revellino ◽  
Francesco Maria Guadagno
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Measuring Module

&lt;p&gt;The stationary or in-place inclinometer is the main high-performance solution in landslide monitoring applications due to its capability of tracking real time displacement at different depth and supporting early warning. Despite that and the general need of data for understanding landslide behaviour, the high cost of in-place inclinometers, in most cases, limit or prevent their use. On this basis, we started developing a low-cost and open source, modular MEMS-based inclinometer that uses multiple Arduino boards as processing units. Although MEMS accelerometers have many advantages in comparison with traditional high-precision electromechanical sensors, they are very sensible to temperature variation (i.e. thermal drifting).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to compensating thermal drifting a specific thermal analysis and an associated simple compensation strategy were used. After the mitigation of thermal bias, the electronic devices were designed, built and assembled.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The developed inclinometer system is composed of two main electronic systems: 1) a multiple electronic device (i.e. a MEMS accelerometer, the IMU reading interface and a communication board) installed within each measuring module; 2) an external master control unit, based on the Arduino platform coupled with a dedicated developed interface board. The master unit reads tilt value from each measuring module through a communication interface. This unit was developed to allow interfacing of additional digital or analog sensors (e.g. water content, rain gauge, etc..), and control additional parameters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A steel casing for measuring components was designed and built. For each measuring unit, a squared-section case, consisting of a 30 cm long tube equipped with 4 elements that allow the installation the instrument within a standard inclinometric tubes, was prepared and assembled.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;After system assembling, displacement of the inclinometric column was first simulated by a laboratory test. In particular, we used a supporting frame that allowed to vertically align the modules. The auxiliary frame was specifically designed to drive displacement along a selected axis and to register the maximum displacement at the head of the inclinometric column. In this way, the lower module is kept fixed. This test permitted to obtain a number of different synthetic deformation curves that form a basis for checking the accuracy of the instrumentation measurement. Result obtained highlight the potential use of our system for real monitoring application. The next step will be to install the instrumentation on site to check its operation in real field conditions.&lt;/p&gt;

Special Issue on Adaptation Measures for Disasters due to Climate Change

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-402
Author(s):  
Toshimitsu Komatsu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Mountainous Regions

An increase in natural hazards due to global warming has broadened the gap between natural hazards and disaster prevention. This gap has raised the possibility that unexpected major disasters occur. As chances of a natural hazard grow, appropriate and efficient adaptation is considered as a last resort for lessening disaster. In water-related disasters such as floods and debris flows, individual disaster sites have specific thresholds (limits). When a natural hazard exceeds this threshold, a serious disaster strikes us. On the contrary when it is under the limit, disaster damage is kept to be small. Flood disasters and landslides have the side of gall or nothing.h This is a characteristic of water-related disasters. Climate change is causing natural hazards to exceed this threshold easily. This makes resilient proactive adaptation very important in disaster prevention. Specific adaptation measures developed hereafter must cope with serious water and sediment disasters throughout mountainous regions, rivers, urban areas, and coastal areas that are assumed to be influenced by global warming. The Journal of Disaster Research has planned a special issue on the adaptation measures for disasters due to climate change. Having taken part in field surveys, computer simulations, and laboratory experiments and finding adaptation measures worth studying more deeply, I decided to contribute to this special issue as a Guest Editor. All of its 11 papers have been peer-reviewed. The broad topics covered range from floods, landslides, and storm surges to adaptation to the human being society. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the contributors and reviewers involved in producing these articles, especially to Dr. Hideo Oshikawa, Assistant Professor of the Department of Urban and Environment Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan, for his great support. I look forward with great anticipation to feedback from readers regarding these articles.

Validation and interpretation of data obtained by the newly developed low-cost Geodetic Integrated Monitoring System (GIMS)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ela Šegina ◽  
Mateja Jemec Auflič ◽  
Tina Peternel ◽  
Matija Zupan ◽  
Jernej Jež ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Rainfall Threshold ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Integrated Monitoring ◽  
The North ◽  
The Wire

&lt;p&gt;Geodetic Integrated Monitoring System (GIMS) has been developed as a low-cost solution for detecting and measuring ground movements (https://www.gims-project.eu/). The prototype has been tested on the landslide on Poto&amp;#353;ka planina in the north of Slovenia that has been monitored by the seven GIMS units. These units, consisting of GNSS receiver and inclinometer, provide live monitoring data with millimetric precision. In this paper, the project consortium presents the first results of the prototype measuring system and estimate its applicability in modern landslides monitoring. The GIMS measurements have been validated by the wire crackmeter located at the site. The data were correlated to the groundwater level in a piezometer and to the amount of precipitation detected at the rain gauge. Results of GIMS units show good comparability to the wire crackmeter measurements and increased precision in detecting variations in landslide movements. The latter enables us to precisely define the rainfall threshold value for the particular landslide as crucial information needed for a reliable early warning system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

Corona Detection System on Insulators via Acoustic Emissions

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 379-384
Author(s):  
Marco Antônio Martins Rennó ◽  
Erik Leandro Bonaldi ◽  
Levy Ely Lacerda Oliveira ◽  
Jonas Guedes Borges Silva ◽  
Germano Lambert-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operational Capacity

This paper presents a computational package and equipment with the purpose to detect corona problems of insulators in transmission lines. Low-cost equipment detects presence of corona, via acoustic emissions and stores them in a memory. These data are processed by computer programs. The applicability of this equipment is immediate for any transmission company, because the perfect understanding of the operational capacity of its lines in various operating conditions and climate change allows for a safer operation with improvement of quality of service provided.

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