Taxonomic diversity of weed flora in pulse crops growing field at south-western part of Bangladesh

Pulses are important field crops in Bangladesh and weed infestation in pulses field is a great concern now a days. So, a rigorous field survey was conducted throughout the pulses growing season at pulses grower farmers’ field of south-western part of Bangladesh to know the present status of weed infestation in pulses field. During the survey, fresh samples were collected along with other related information e.g., habitat, location, collection date, flowering time, crop/plant association. Fresh samples were dried well for making herbarium specimens. A sum of 13 weed species under 12 genera and 08 families were collected and documented their uses in various ailments. Among the families, Amaranthaceae is the highest-represented family with 03 species. Among the genera, the largest genera Amaranthus represented by 2 species. Cyperous rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus spinosus, Croton bonplandianum, Coccinia grandis are the common and major weed species in pulse crop growing field in south-western part of Bangladesh. The knowledge generated from the present research would be helpful for the management practices of pulse crop associated weeds as well as for getting high economic benefits from beneficial species.

Double Production in Groundnut with Phosphatic Biofertilizers

Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L., 2n=20) is nitrogen fixing pulse crop, belong to Leguminocae family. The present study conducted on production of groundnut with phosphatic biofertilizers. The experiment was conducted at Madhav village and Sattasar village in May, 2015. The mycorrhiza solid powder dissolved with molasses + water to form organic product. The seed poured in the formulated organic product for 24 hrs. Later, the seed was placed in the prepared land. The seed emerged from the soil in 7-10 days and the flower appeared in the plant within 35 days after sowing. The healthy nodule was formed in the root organ with application mycorrhiza solid powder. The application of mycorrhiza solid powder progresses morphological growth, yield, soil property and soil biology. Keywords: groundnut, production, biofertilizer, nodule formation

​Screening of Black Gram Genotypes against Major Pod Borers

Background: Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) is an important pulse crop occupying a unique position in Indian agriculture and it stands fourth in area and production among the pulses. The popularity of this pulse is due to its nutritional and industrial values. Blackgram crop is attacked by a number of insect pests from sowing to harvest in the field as well as in storage condition. Among these insects-pests pod borers i.e. spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Geyer) and gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) are serious insect-pests of black gram causing seed and pod damage. Therefore, keeping these views in mind, the present study was conducted. Methods: Present investigations were carried out during Kharif season of 2018 and 2019 to identify the resistant cultivars that are less susceptible to spotted pod borer and gram pod borer in black gram. Result: Fifteen black gram genotypes were screened against pod borers i.e. M. vitrata and H. armigera. When the data of both years were pooled, the two genotypes viz., KU-99-05 and Azad Urd-1 were found with minimum pod infestation of 7.67 and 9.67 per cent, respectively and categorized as resistant (R) against M. vitrata. The four genotypes KU-99-05, Azad Urd-1, Shekhar-2 and PU-6 were classified as resistant (R) against H. armigera with minimum pod infestation of 5.83, 6.17, 8.50 and 9.83 per cent, respectively during both the consecutive seasons (Kharif, 2018 and 2019).

Trend in Area, Production and Productivity of Pigeon Pea in Myanmar

Background: Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is the third most important pulse crop of Myanmar. The country is the biggest exporter of pigeon pea accounting for nearly (90%) of the total global export volumes. This study evaluates trends in the area, production and productivity of pigeon pea in Myanmar. Methods: The study is based on 10 years (2008 to 2017) secondary data obtained from the Myanmar MOALI and FAOSTAT. CAGR and multiple regression were adopted as the study methods. Result: Results indicated that due to an increase in harvesting area and productivity, pigeon pea production increased from 7,65,000 MT in 2008 to 7,98,689 MT in 2017. However, CAGR indicated a nonsignificant decrease.

An Untargeted Metabolomics Approach for Correlating Pulse Crop Seed Coat Polyphenol Profiles with Antioxidant Capacity and Iron Chelation Ability

Pulse crop seed coats are a sustainable source of antioxidant polyphenols, but are typically treated as low-value products, partly because some polyphenols reduce iron bioavailability in humans. This study correlates antioxidant/iron chelation capabilities of diverse seed coat types from five major pulse crops (common bean, lentil, pea, chickpea and faba bean) with polyphenol composition using mass spectrometry. Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify key differences and a hierarchical analysis revealed that common beans had the most diverse polyphenol profiles among these pulse crops. The highest antioxidant capacities were found in seed coats of black bean and all tannin lentils, followed by maple pea, however, tannin lentils showed much lower iron chelation among these seed coats. Thus, tannin lentils are more desirable sources as natural antioxidants in food applications, whereas black bean and maple pea are more suitable sources for industrial applications. Regardless of pulse crop, proanthocyanidins were primary contributors to antioxidant capacity, and to a lesser extent, anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols, whereas glycosylated flavonols contributed minimally. Higher iron chelation was primarily attributed to proanthocyanidin composition, and also myricetin 3-O-glucoside in black bean. Seed coats having proanthocyanidins that are primarily prodelphinidins show higher iron chelation compared with those containing procyanidins and/or propelargonidins.

Evaluation of the Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by using New Technology in Agriculture (Near Infra-red spectroscopy-2500)

Background: Among the pulse crop world chick pea known as important pulse crop which is grown and utilized in the world. This crop nutritionally rich in the carbohydrates, protein which has superior quality protein than the other pulse crop. This pea consists of lots of essential amino acids except the sulphur containing amino acids. So that it is a good combination of diet with the cereals. In the plants mostly carbohydrates stored in the starch form but also followed by oligosaccharides and reducing and non-reducing sugars. In this crop lots of nutritionally rich substances but it has low amount of fats and large amount of unsaturated fatty acid which is very beneficial to the heart patient. The minerals which are present in chick pea are Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and especially potassium. The vitamins which are present in this pulse such as riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, folate and the vitamin A precursor, â-carotene. The pulses also have anti-nutritional factors which can be minimized by the using of lots of cooking methods.Methods: Through NIRS-2500 evaluated twenty samples of chick pea. It is an instrument through which Near Infrared (NIR) analysis a spectroscopic technique that makes use of the naturally occurring electromagnetic spectrum. This works in the region of the spectrum defined by wavelengths between 700nm and 2500nm. All the cultivars were found to cluster in major four groups on the basis of principal component analysis. The result showed the diversity between nutritional and antinutritional factors in the cultivars that could be further used by plant breeders to develop superior genotypes. The chick pea has lots of advantages which cure the several diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, digestive diseases and some cancers. Result: Here we study twenty samples of chick pea in which the biochemical composition of this crop consists of protein was varied from 22.12% to 24.42%, sulphur containg amino acids ranged from 0.15 to 1.25% and Tryptophan was ranged from 0.63 to 1.38% which was analyzed by NIRS-2500.

Integration of Various Stability Models to Identify High Yielding and Stable Genotypes of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]

Background: Pigeonpea is second most important pulse crop of India after chickpea and it is necessary to identify its high yielding and stable genotypes to feed the increasing population of country. Methods: The present study was laid down in a Randomized Block Design with three replications during kharif season of 2016-2019 at GBPUAT, Pantnagar using twenty genotypes of pigeonpea with an aim to identify the high yielding and stable genotypes. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) based on mean seed yield and Average of Sum of Ranks (ASR) of all measures (Parametric and non-parametric) was used in present study.Result: The pooled ANOVA revealed the presence of significant differences among genotypes, environments and G x E interaction effects. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis indicated the genotypes PA 622 (yield=1774.85 kg/ha, ASR=2.00), PA 620 (yield= 1579.92 kg/ha, ASR=2.18), UPAS 120 (yield=1268.57 kg/ha, ASR=2.87), PA 626 (yield=1571.40 kg/ha, ASR=5.56), PUSA 992 (yield= 1331.17 kg/ha, ASR=5.68) and PA 628 (yield= 1271.50 kg/ha, ASR=7.06) as most stable and high yielding and hence these genotypes can be recommended for pigeonpea improvement programmes.