Volcanism and tectonics in an island-arc rift environment: proposal to drill at Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo marine volcanic field, Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Druitt ◽  
Christian Huebscher ◽  
Steffen Kutterolf ◽  
Paraskevi Nomikou ◽  
Dimitris Papanikolaou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Caldera Collapse ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Deep Drilling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sea Floor Mapping

<p>IODP proposal VolTecArc aims at deep-sea drilling in and around the Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo (CSK) marine volcanic field to investigate interactions and feedbacks between tectonics and volcanism and how volcanoes interact with their marine environments. The volcanic field lies in a rift system 100 km long and 45 km wide, oblique to the South Aegean volcanic arc, that is one of the most volcanically and seismically active regions of Europe. The volcanoes include three polygenetic and over 20 monogenetic centers that have jointly produced over a hundred explosive eruptions over the last few hundred thousand years.  The volcanoes pose important hazards to the Eastern Mediterranean region. Unrest at Santorini caldera in 2011-12 raised awareness of eruption threat at an island archipelago visited by 1.5 million tourists per year.</p><p>The results of onland volcanological research, eruption dating, multi-beam sea floor mapping, shallow sediment coring and dredge sampling, combined with a high-quality site-survey database of multichannel seismic profiles and a recent seismic tomography experiment, make deep drilling at the CSK volcanic field very timely. Deep drilling will enable characterization and interpretation of depositional packages visible on seismic images, chemical correlation of Santorini-derived volcanic layers in the rift fills with the dated onshore stratigraphy, and provide a tight chronostratigraphic framework for marine successions. Some objectives of drilling are to: (1) document the history of tectonics, subsidence, sedimentation and volcanism in an arc-rift environment, and how volcanism has evolved spatially and temporally since rift initiation; (2) determine how the genesis and compositions of magmas and their associated volatiles have evolved in time and space over the lifetime of the rift; (3) document the dynamics and environmental impacts of arc eruptions and calderas, including eruption frequencies, magnitudes and rates, the mechanisms of caldera collapse, and the origin of caldera unrest events.</p>

The Christiana–Santorini–Kolumbo Volcanic Field

Elements ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Nomikou ◽  
Christian Hübscher ◽  
Steven Carey
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Explosive Eruptions ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Mass Wasting ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Research Activities

The Christiana–Santorini–Kolumbo volcanic field in the South Aegean Sea (Greece) is one of the most important in Europe, having produced more than 100 explosive eruptions in the last 400,000 years. Its volcanic centers include the extinct Christiana Volcano and associated seamounts, Santorini caldera with its intracaldera Kameni Volcano, Kolumbo Volcano, and 24 other submarine cones of the Kolumbo chain. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, submarine mass wasting, neotectonics and gas releases from these centers pose significant geohazards to human populations and infrastructures of the Eastern Mediterranean region. Defining the geological processes and structures that contribute to these geohazards will provide an important framework to guide future monitoring and research activities aimed at hazard mitigation.

Taxonomic notes on the snakes of Northern Cyprus, with observations on their morphologies and ecologies

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abidin Budak ◽  
Bayram Göçmen ◽  
Nuren Alpagut-Keskin ◽  
Hasan Bahar ◽  
Mehmet Zülfü Yildiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Snake Species ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
Northern Cyprus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View

AbstractA total of 66 specimens belonging to eleven snake species, some of which were collected during the field studies of 17-31 July and 3-25 September 2003, and some others which have been previously collected and all have been deposited into the collection of ZDEU (Zoology Dept. Ege University), were evaluated taxonomically. 25 of the specimens belonged to Typhlopidae, 37 to Colubridae, three to Viperidae and one to Boidae. These specimens were evaluated from the points of view of pholidosis, pattern and coloration and morphological measurements. Some biological and ecological information were also given with the brief geological history of eastern Mediterranean region.

First evidence of a distal early Holocene ash layer in Eastern Mediterranean deep-sea sediments derived from the anatolian volcanic province

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hamann ◽  
S. Wulf ◽  
O. Ersoy ◽  
W. Ehrmann ◽  
E. Aydar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Volcanic Glass ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
The South ◽  
Volcanic Province ◽  
Levantine Sea ◽  
Ash Layer

A hitherto unknown distal volcanic ash layer has been detected in a sediment core recovered from the southeastern Levantine Sea (Eastern Mediterranean Sea). Radiometric, stratigraphic and sedimentological data show that the tephra, here termed as S1 tephra, was deposited between 8970 and 8690 cal yr BP. The high-silica rhyolitic composition excludes an origin from any known eruptions of the Italian, Aegean or Arabian volcanic provinces but suggests a prevailing Central Anatolian provenance. We compare the S1 tephra with proximal to medial-distal tephra deposits from well-known Mediterranean ash layers and ash fall deposits from the Central Anatolian volcanic field using electron probe microanalyses on volcanic glass shards and morphological analyses on ash particles. We postulate a correlation with the Early Holocene "Dikkartın" dome eruption of Erciyes Dağ volcano (Cappadocia, Turkey). So far, no tephra of the Central Anatolian volcanic province has been detected in marine sediment archives in the Eastern Mediterranean region. The occurrence of the S1 tephra in the south-eastern part of the Levantine Sea indicates a wide dispersal of pyroclastic material from Erciyes Da? more than 600 km to the south and is therefore an important tephrostratigraphical marker in sediments of the easternmost Mediterranean Sea and the adjacent hinterland.

scholarly journals Progress towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S28-S32
Author(s):  
Reda M R Ramzy ◽  
Abdul Samid Al Kubati
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
History Of

Abstract Lymphatic filariasis (LF), a neglected tropical disease, is targeted for global elimination as a public health problem. This article reviews the history of LF control and elimination activities in the countries of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) over the last 2 decades. In 2000, the estimated at-risk population in EMR countries was 12.6 million people, accounting for approximately 1% of the global disease burden. Of the 22 EMR countries, 3 countries (Egypt, Sudan and Yemen) were LF endemic and the disease was suspected in 4 other countries (Djibouti, Oman, Somalia and Saudi Arabia). After almost 2 decades of implementing sustained control and prevention measures, Egypt and Yemen were successfully validated by the WHO as having achieved the elimination criteria in 2017 and 2019, respectively. In 2018, Sudan completed mapping of LF, reaching 26.2% geographical coverage where mass drug administration (MDA) is required and is scaling-up MDA. Extensive epidemiological assessment indicated the absence of LF transmission in the four suspected countries and no MDA required. Challenges faced during the elimination and post-elimination phases are described and discussed.

scholarly journals Reassessing the age of Karpathos ophiolite (Dodecanese, Greece): consequences for Aegean correlations and Neotethys evolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
Fabrice Cordey ◽  
Frédéric Quillévéré
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Aegean Islands ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Radiolarian Assemblages

AbstractWhile the Neogene history of the Eastern Mediterranean region is now fairly well understood, our knowledge of older regional palaeogeographies is less accurate, especially the positions of blocks and nappes constituting the Aegean Islands prior to the Cenozoic. Our study focuses on the ophiolite exposed on the island of Karpathos (Dodecanese), which is located in the Aegean fore-arc at a pivotal position between the ‘western’ and ‘eastern’ ophiolites of the Mediterranean region and where conflicting Late Jurassic and Late Cretaceous ages have led to diverging tectonic and palaeogeographic interpretations. To test these ages, we targeted the radiolarian cherts that depositionally overlie the ophiolite and extracted diagnostic radiolarian assemblages of Aptian (∼125−113 Ma), early–middle Albian (∼113−105 Ma) and Turonian (∼93.9−89.8 Ma) ages. These results suggest that previous Late Cretaceous K–Ar isotopic ages (from 95.3 ± 4.2 Ma to 81.2 ± 1.6 Ma) may have been reset by Late Cretaceous metamorphism or affected by argon loss. Overall, the new Early Cretaceous ages show that the Karpathos ophiolite should not be correlated with the Pindos Nappes of Greece or the ophiolites of Cyprus or Syria but rather with the Lycian Nappes of Turkey and their root located in the Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan Suture Zone. Therefore, the Karpathos ophiolite represents a remnant of the Northern Neotethys, not the Pindos Ocean or the proto-Eastern Mediterranean Basin.

Seismic History of Central North Anatolian Region: New Contribution from Ottoman Archives

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 2590-2600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Şeşetyan ◽  
Orhan Sakin ◽  
Serpil Sönmez ◽  
Mine Betül Demircioğlu Tümsa
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Earthquake Effects ◽  
Macroseismic Information ◽  
Archive Material

Abstract Contemporary Ottoman sources bring a major contribution to the description of the seismic activity in the eastern Mediterranean region and are extensively used by historical seismologists. Among these, the documents of the Ottoman State Archives (Istanbul), and more specifically the correspondence of the local governors with the central authorities form a valuable source for the description of the earthquake effects in territories, which were under the Ottoman rule. Especially for the more recent periods, we observe that not only major earthquakes but also small-to-moderate-size events with local effects find their place in these documents. However, due to the complex and insufficiently categorized structure of the archival material, as well as the need for expertize in Ottoman language and history, except the sections covered in the works of N. Ambraseys and C. Finkel and a number of earthquake-specific studies, these documents are not yet fully exploited in the definition of the regional seismic history. In this pilot study, we investigate the Ottoman archive material related to earthquake effects in the central North Anatolian region and search for possible supportive or new contribution to the seismic history of the study area. The period of investigation is the nineteenth century, with occasional data also found for the pre and postperiod. The study revealed supportive information for 15 earthquakes that were already known to previous compilations, and data for 19 earthquakes that we categorize as new events, demonstrating the value of this primary source and the wealth of macroseismic information that can still be extracted, revealing earthquakes so far unknown as well as enriching the descriptive information related to already known ones.

scholarly journals Deep Drilling Reveals Puzzling History of Campi Flegrei Caldera

Eos ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Branscombe
Keyword(s):  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Caldera Collapse ◽  
Deep Drilling ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera ◽  
History Of

Results show that caldera collapse attributed to a super eruption almost 40,000 years ago was smaller than what scientists expected. So what might have really happened?

Late Quaternary fluvial dynamics and landscape evolution at the lower Shulaveris Ghele River (southern Caucasus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans von Suchodoletz ◽  
Dominik Faust
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Fluvial Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southern Caucasus ◽  
Fluvial Sedimentation

AbstractThe southern Caucasus was intensively settled through the Neolithic period to present. Studies of late Quaternary fluvial dynamics and landscape development at the lower Shulaveris Ghele River in southeastern Georgia aid understanding of the Quaternary history of this region. Our studies show that following river aggradation to form a fan-shaped alluvial surface during the late Pleistocene, fluvial sedimentation shifted west, leaving a fan surface subject only to local fluvial and colluvial processes as well as late Neolithic settlement. At about 6 ka, the river avulsed to the east and eroded some late Neolithic settlements occupying the eastern portion of the fan. The avulsion was followed by 3 distinct episodes of aggradation at about 6 ka, 3–2 ka, and since 1.0 ka. No such aggradation is evident in the early Holocene. Regional Holocene fluvial activity in this area was apparently influenced by vegetation dynamics, possibly controlled by regional climatic and/or anthropogenic factors, and significantly differs from the eastern Mediterranean region. All late Neolithic settlements were originally built far from an active river, possibly indicating late Neolithic water management systems.

scholarly journals Fallout tuffs in the Eocene Duchesne River Formation, northeastern Utah—ages, compositions, and likely source

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Michael Jensen ◽  
Bart Kowallis ◽  
Eric Christiansen ◽  
Casey Webb ◽  
Michael Dorais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compositional Data ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Accessory Zircon ◽  
Argillic Alteration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Radiometric Ages ◽  
Magmatic History ◽  
Land Mammal

Thin fallout tuffs are common in the terrestrial deposits of the Eocene Duchesne River Formation on the flanks of the Uinta Mountains of eastern Utah. Their ages and compositions provide new insight into the tectonic events and magmatic history of the western Cordillera and provide important constraints on the Cenozoic land mammal chronology. Whole-rock compositions of the volcanic ash show that they underwent post-emplacement argillic alteration, typical of a wetland/floodplain depositional setting. However, immobile element ratios and abundances, such as Zr/Ti, La/Nb, and Y are typical of rhyolites formed in a subduction-related setting. Glass shards preserved in one sample all had SiO2 values >75%, typical of high-silica rhyolite. Preserved phenocrysts in the ash beds include quartz, sanidine, plagioclase, and biotite with variable amounts of accessory zircon, apatite, titanite, and allanite. Biotite compositions have Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios typical of calc-alkaline igneous rocks and clusters of chemical compositions suggest a genetic relationship to three or four separate eruptions. Sanidine compositions from five samples range from Or73 and Or79. Only one sample had preserved plagioclase with compositions ranging between An22 – An49. Allanite from the ash beds has lower total rare earth elements (REE) concentrations than allanite from other well-studied rhyolites. Titanite in one sample has lower concentrations of REE, Fe, and Al than expected of rhyolites and is probably detrital.Plagioclase and sanidine from two different tuff beds near the middle of the Duchesne River Formation yielded analytically indistinguishable 40Ar/39Ar ages of 39.47 ± 0.16 Ma and 39.36 ± 0.15 Ma, respectively. These dates, along with the compositional data seem to limit the eruptive source for these fallout tuffs to the northeast Nevada volcanic field, one of the few volcanically active regions of western North America at the time. These new radiometric ages, along with stratigraphic relations and previously published ages for tuffs in the Bishop Conglomerate (which unconformably overlies the Duchesne River Formation), constrain the timing of late Laramide uplift in the region from 39 to about 37 Ma and post-Laramide epeirogenic uplift from 34 Ma to 30 Ma. Finally, the ages also provide additional evidence that the Duchesnean North American Land Mammal Age ended in the Eocene, which was originally named and defined from the Duchesne River Formation.

scholarly journals The Evolutionary History of Wild, Domesticated, and Feral Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makenzie E Mabry ◽  
Sarah D Turner ◽  
Evan Y. Gallagher ◽  
A C McAlvay ◽  
Hong An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
History Of

Understanding the evolutionary history of crops, including identifying wild relatives, helps to provide insight for designing new approaches in crop breeding efforts. Cultivated Brassica oleracea has intrigued researchers for centuries due to its wide diversity in forms, which include cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, kohlrabi, and Brussels sprouts. Yet, the evolutionary history of this species remains understudied. With such different vegetables produced from a single species, B. oleracea is a model organism for understanding the power of artificial selection. Persistent challenges in the study of B. oleracea include conflicting hypotheses regarding domestication and the identity of the closest living wild relative. Using a diversity panel of 224 accessions, which represents 14 different B. oleracea crop types and nine potential wild progenitor species, we integrate phylogenetic and population genetic techniques with ecological niche modeling, archaeological, and literary evidence to examine relationships among cultivars and wild relatives to clarify the origin of this horticulturally important species. Our analyses point to the Aegean endemic B. cretica as the closest living relative of cultivated B. oleracea, supporting an origin of cultivation in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Additionally, we identify several feral lineages, suggesting that cultivated plants of this species are able to revert to a wild-like state with relative ease. By expanding our understanding of the evolutionary history in B. oleracea, these results contribute to a growing body of knowledge on crop domestication that will facilitate continued breeding efforts including adaptation to changing environmental conditions.

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