Multi-proxy studies of the Late Glacial fluvio-aeolian succession in the type site Mierzyn, central Poland

Multi-proxy studies (including sedimentological, pedological, radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating methods) were used to establish origin and chronology of depositional processes in the type section Mierzyn, central Poland. The investigated key site is located in the extraglacial zone of the Last Glaciation, ca. 130 km to the south from the Last Glacial Maximum in the Luci&#261;&#380;a river valley area. In the studied profile (16 m thick) two lithofacial complexes were identified. The lower, fluvio-aeolian complex consists of silty-sandy sediments (1.6 m) deposited. The final phase of fluvio-aeolian deposition is expressed by initial pedogenic processes. Above is located aeolian complex (13 m of thickness). Three aeolian units are separated by two palaeosols.To establish stratigraphic framework of depositional and pedogenic processes, four samples for radiocarbon dating from palaeosols and twelve samples for OSL dating from sandy units were collected. The obtained results reveal very good agreement of both absolute dating methods. It led to reconstruct chronology of main palaeoenvironmental changes. The fluvio-aeolian complex and the lowermost part of aeolian complex (below the lower palaeosol) were deposited in the Oldest Dryas in relatively cool and dry climate conditions. The amelioration of climate in the B&#248;lling interstadial caused development of pedogenic processes expressed by 0.3 m thick palaeosol. Main part of aeolian complex (10 m of thickness) was deposited in the Older Dryas. The upper palaeosol developed in the Aller&#248;d interstadial as a result of the next amelioration of the climate. During the Younger Dryas was deposited the uppermost part of aeolian complex.Classic development of fluvial to- aeolian succession in the Mierzyn site as well as detailed chronology based on two independent absolute age methods reveal that it can be treated as stratotype for the Late Glacial and correlated with other type sections in the Central and Western Europe.AckowledgmentsPresented results were obtained with support of Polish National Science Centre, contract number 2018/30/E/ST10/00616.&#160;

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Fault gouge dating: history and evolution

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/clm.2018.22 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 305-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Peter Vrolijk ◽

David Pevear ◽

Michael Covey ◽

Allan LaRiviere

Keyword(s):

Radiometric Dating ◽

Thrust Belts ◽

Dating Methods ◽

Absolute Dating ◽

Process Studies ◽

Encapsulation Method ◽

Absolute Age ◽

Fault Gouges ◽

Fault Gouge Dating ◽

Further Development

ABSTRACTRadiometric dating of fault gouges has become a useful tool for regional tectonics studies and for exploring and understanding fault and earthquake processes. Methods to define the absolute age of faults achieved a solid scientific foundation almost 25 years ago when the development and application of illite age analysis for investigating sedimentary burial and thermal histories found a new potential application – defining the age of fold-and-thrust development. Since then, the methods have benefitted from further development and incorporation of the 40Ar/39Ar micro-encapsulation method and quantitative clay mineral evaluation to distinguish polytypes (Wildfire). These refinements to the methods have improved their application in fold-and-thrust terrains and have opened up applications in normal and strike-slip fault environments. Another important development is the use of absolute dating methods in retrograde clay gouges in which clays in a fault develop from igneous or metamorphic wall rocks that contain no clays. In addition, the method has also been shown to be useful at dating folds in fold-and-thrust belts. We think the method is now an established part of the geological toolkit, look forward to future fault structural and tectonic studies that incorporate fault ages and hope that researchers continue to probe and discover ways that the method can assist fault process studies, including earthquake fault studies.

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Chronostratigraphy of Late Glacial aeolian activity in SW Poland – A case study from the Niemodlin Plateau

Geochronometria ◽

10.2478/geochr-2020-0015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 124-137

Author(s):

Piotr Moska ◽

Zdzisław Jary ◽

Robert Jan Sokołowski ◽

Grzegorz Poręba ◽

Jerzy Raczyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

Younger Dryas ◽

Soil Formation ◽

Late Glacial ◽

Sedimentary Environments ◽

Three Samples ◽

Aeolian Activity ◽

Dating Methods ◽

Absolute Dating ◽

Sw Poland

AbstractThe stratigraphy of Late Pleniglacial and Late Glacial fluvio-to-aeolian succession was investigated in two sites located at the Niemodlin Plateau, SW Poland. Lithofacial analysis was used for the reconstruction of sedimentary environments. An absolute chronology for climatic change and the resulting environmental changes were determined based on optically stimulated luminescence (OSL – nine samples) and radiocarbon (three samples) dating methods. Four phases of changes in sedimentary environments were established. The first depositional phase correlates with the Last Permafrost Maximum (24−17 ka) based on the type and size of the periglacial structures, which aggraded under continuous permafrost conditions. During 17.5−15.5 ka (upper Late Pleniglacial), a stratigraphic gap was detected, owing to a break in the deposition on the interfluve area. The second depositional phase took place during 15.5−13.5 ka. During this phase, the first part of the dune formation (Przechód site) and fluvio-aeolian cover (Siedliska site) was deposited. The sedimentary processes continued throughout the entire Bølling interstadial and Older Dryas. In the third phase (Allerød interstadial), soil formation took place. At the Siedliska site, palaeosol represented Usselo soil type, whereas at the Przechód site, there was a colluvial type of soil. The last phase (Younger Dryas) is represented by the main phase of dune formation in both sites. After the Younger Dryas, no aeolian activity was detected. High compliance with both absolute dating methods was noticed.

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OSL age determinations of Pleistocene fluvial deposits in Central Amazonia

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652010000300017 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 691-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Emílio A.A. Soares ◽

Sonia H. Tatumi ◽

Claudio Riccomini

Keyword(s):

Amazon Basin ◽

Luminescence Dating ◽

Fluvial Deposits ◽

Promising Tool ◽

Geological Processes ◽

Dating Methods ◽

Depositional Process ◽

Central Amazonia ◽

Absolute Dating ◽

Amazonian Region

Absolute dating methods have been used in chronological studies of geological processes and sedimentary units of Quaternary age in Central Amazonia, Brazil. Although radiocarbon dating has been very useful in archaeological research and soil studies, the temporal interval of this method is inefficient in evaluating the sedimentation aspects and geological events from the beginning of the Quaternary in the Amazon basin. The use of crystal luminescence dating has been one of the most promising tool for determining the absolute dating of Quaternary deposits in the Amazonian region. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, following the MAR and SAR protocols, in a tectonic-sedimentary study of Quaternary fluvial deposits in the confluence area of the Negro and Solimões rivers, indicated ages from 1.3 (Holocene) to about 67.4 kyears (Late Pleistocene) for these sediments. Low radioactive isotope concentrations were found about 2ppm for 235U and 238U; 5ppm for 232Th; and the 40K concentrations were almost zero. A comparison was made between MAR and SAR protocols taking into account the fluvial depositional process.

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Age Determination in Lake Deposits

Paleolimnology ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195133530.003.0010 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew S. Cohen

Keyword(s):

Age Determination ◽

Lake Basin ◽

Relative Age ◽

Reflection Seismic ◽

Gray Area ◽

Dating Methods ◽

Absolute Dating ◽

Absolute Age ◽

Lake Deposits ◽

Seismic Lines

It is almost impossible to overemphasize the importance of good chronological control to paleolimnology. Age control allows us to determine rates of processes and fluxes of materials, and to test hypotheses of linkage between archives and hypothesized external controls of those archives. Geologists differentiate between relative age versus absolute dating methods. Relative age determinations are based on the concepts of superposition (older sediments are on the bottom, in the absence of tectonic disturbance) and lithological correlation. In contrast, absolute dating methods are done without necessary reference to other analyses or locations, to produce an age determination (i.e., 100,000 yr before present). Some methods, such as paleomagnetics, amino acid racemization, and biostratigraphy, lie in a gray area between these two, providing absolute dates or age ranges in certain circumstances and relative age constraints in others. In this book, I will refer to the general study of both relative and absolute age determination as geochronology, and use the term geochronometry to refer to absolute dating. Lithological correlation involves matching similar lithologies between outcrop or core localities, allowing a network of age relationships to be established between various sites. This can be done at any scale, from within a lake to intercontinental, although lithostratigraphical correlations based on core or outcrop observations are most commonly useful only at a local, intrabasinal level. Correlation within basins is often achieved using reflection seismic stratigraphy. Depositional or unconformity surfaces can normally be recognized on seismic lines that extend over the scale of individual sub-basins to entire lakes (Nelson et al., 1994; Lezzar et al., 1996; Van Rensbergen et al., 1998). When dated cores are obtained or outcrops studied along these seismic lines, a correlation network can be established, with probable ages attached to specific seismic horizons. Intrabasinal correlation can also be done by correlating distinctive patterns of change in features such as magnetic intensity, patterns of stable isotopic change in sediments, or biostratigraphical markers, that may be consistent across a lake basin. Sometimes, relative correlations can be made between lakes.

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Late-Holocene palaeoenvironmental reconstruction from a lake in the Amazon Rainforest-Tropical Savanna (Cerrado) boundary in Brazil using a multi-proxy approach

The Holocene ◽

10.1177/09596836211019091 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095968362110190

Author(s):

Kury Milena Souza ◽

Moreira Luciane Silva ◽

Cordeiro Renato Campello ◽

Sifeddine Abdelfettah ◽

Turcq Bruno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Holocene ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Amazon Rainforest ◽

Oxbow Lake ◽

Tropical Savanna ◽

Sedimentary Process ◽

Climatic Fluctuations ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Depositional Processes ◽

Lake Formation

As an ecotone, the region between the Amazon Rainforest and Tropical Savanna (Cerrado) biomes is, by definition, more susceptible to climate change. Therefore, understanding palaeoenvironmental dynamics is essential to address the future responses of such transition areas to climatic fluctuations. In this context, we present a new sediment record for the Late-Holocene retrieved from Barro-Preto, currently an oxbow lake located in an ecotone at the southern Brazilian Amazon border. Our multi-proxy data include carbon and nitrogen isotopes, as well as bulk TOC, chlorophyll derivatives, grain-size and microcharcoal analyses, all anchored on a radiocarbon-dated chronology. The sedimentary process recorded at the Barro-Preto Lake responded to both local and regional climate dynamics. It was influenced by river excursions associated to local responses to precipitation changes by the activation of the palaeochannel connecting the main-stem river and the Barro-Preto lake. This activation was evidenced by the presence of different colour lithology laminations accompanied by coarser sediments and also by climate conditions known to influence the Amazon region. Depositional processes linked to lake dynamics and different oxbow lake cycle stages were also important to explain the changes verified in the Barro-Preto record, endorsing the use of this lake formation for palaeoclimatic reconstructions. The record indicated a rising humidity trend, reflected by a progressive increase in lacustrine productivity, in accordance to other studies carried out in the Amazon region concerning the Late-Holocene, associated with a more southward displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Despite this rising humidity trend, dry episodic events during the Late-Holocene were evidenced by charcoal data, also coherent with regional Amazon studies, albeit exhibiting increased intensity, suggesting that the transitional nature of the environment might have influenced susceptibility to fires.

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The Water Needs of Grapevines in Central Poland

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030416 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 416

Author(s):

Barbara Jagosz ◽

Stanisław Rolbiecki ◽

Roman Rolbiecki ◽

Ariel Łangowski ◽

Hicran A. Sadan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

Time Trend ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Growing Season ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Central Poland ◽

Crop Coefficients ◽

Near Future

Climate warming increases the water needs of plants. The aim of this study was to estimate the water needs of grapevines in central Poland. Water needs were calculated using the crop coefficients method. Reference evapotranspiration was assessed by the Blaney–Criddle’s equation, modified for climate conditions in Poland. Crop coefficients were assumed according to the Doorenbos and Pruitt method. Water needs were calculated using the data from four meteorological stations. Rainfall deficit with the probability occurrence of normal years, medium dry years, and very dry years was determined by the Ostromęcki’s method. Water needs of grapevines during the average growing season were estimated at 438 mm. Upward time trend in the water needs both in the period of May–October and June–August was estimated. Temporal variability in the water needs was significant for all of the provinces. These changes were mainly impacted by a significant increasing tendency in mean air temperature and less by precipitation totals that did not show a clear changing tendency. Due to climate change, vineyards will require irrigation in the near future. The use of resource-efficient irrigation requires a precise estimate of the grapevines’ water needs. The study identified the water requirements for grapevines in central Poland.

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Seasonal and water-depth variations in sediment luminescence and in sedimentation from sediment trap samples at Gerlache Strait, Antarctic Peninsula

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102009990186 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 483-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Glenn W. Berger ◽

Sara Ante ◽

Eugene W. Domack

Keyword(s):

Sediment Trap ◽

Trap Depth ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Luminescence Dating ◽

Fine Silt ◽

Sediment Fluxes ◽

Depositional Processes ◽

Infrared Stimulated Luminescence ◽

Depositional Controls ◽

Susceptibility Profiles

AbstractSediment trap arrays were deployed in Brialmont Cove and Andvord Bay, eastern Gerlache Strait, from December 2001–March 2003. The recovered sediments (representing instantaneous deposition from the viewpoint of luminescence dating) encompass all the annual and local glaciomarine depositional processes. Magnetic susceptibility profiles were used to infer seasonality in the trap cores, and thus to select subsamples for luminescence measurements. Multi-aliquot infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) apparent ages were used to assess the effectiveness of ‘clock zeroing’ (by daylight) of light sensitive luminescence within fine silt polymineral samples from each trap depth. IRSL apparent ages for 24 samples indicate that the largest age-depth differences occur with the autumn season samples at both trap sites, suggesting a previously unrecognized and regional (within the Gerlache Strait) change in depositional controls in the autumn compared to other seasons. The apparent ages also indicate some differences between the fjords, and a more complex oceanographic regime at Andvord Bay than at Brialmont Cove. Dry-mass sediment fluxes varied from 0.4 to 0.7 g cm-2 yr-1, with the largest flux at Brialmont Cove (∼0.7 g cm-2 yr-1) occurring in the bottom trap, whereas at Andvord Bay, the largest flux (∼0.6 g cm-2 yr-1) occurred in the middle trap (∼45 m above seafloor).

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The substructure of extremely hot summers in the Northern Hemisphere

10.5194/wcd-2019-12 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Matthias Röthlisberger ◽

Michael Sprenger ◽

Emmanouil Flaounas ◽

Urs Beyerle ◽

Heini Wernli

Keyword(s):

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Western Europe ◽

Climate Model ◽

High Arctic ◽

Large Variability ◽

Statistical Characterization ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Rossby Wave Breaking ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Grid Points

Abstract. In the last decades, extremely hot summers (hereafter extreme summers) have challenged societies worldwide through their adverse ecological, economic and public health effects. In this study, extreme summers are identified at all grid points in the Northern Hemisphere in the upper tail of the July–August (JJA) seasonal mean 2-meter temperature (T2m) distribution, separately in ERA-Interim reanalyses and in 700 simulated years with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) large ensemble for present-day climate conditions. A novel approach is introduced to characterize the substructure of extreme summers, i.e., to elucidate whether an extreme summer is mainly the result of the warmest days being anomalously hot, or of the coldest days being anomalously mild, or of a general shift towards warmer temperatures on all days of the season. Such a statistical characterization can be obtained from considering so-called rank day anomalies for each extreme summer, that is, by sorting the 92 daily mean T2m values of an extreme summer and by calculating, for every rank, the deviation from the climatological mean rank value of T2m. Applying this method in the entire Northern Hemisphere reveals spatially strongly varying extreme summer substructures, which agree remarkably well in the reanalysis and climate model data sets. For example, in eastern India the hottest 30 days of an extreme summer contribute more than 70 % to the total extreme summer T2m anomaly, while the colder days are close to climatology. In the high Arctic, however, extreme summers occur when the coldest 30 days are substantially warmer than climatology. Furthermore, in roughly half of the Northern Hemisphere land area, the coldest third of summer days contribute more to extreme summers than the hottest third, which highlights that milder than normal coldest summer days are a key ingredient of many extreme summers. In certain regions, e.g., over western Europe and western Russia, the substructure of different extreme summers shows large variability and no common characteristic substructure emerges. Furthermore, we show that the typical extreme summer substructure in a certain region is directly related to the region’s overall T2m rank day variability pattern. This indicates that in regions where the warmest summer days vary particularly strongly from one year to the other, these warmest days are also particularly anomalous in extreme summers (and analogously for regions where variability is largest for the coldest days). Finally, for three selected regions, thermodynamic and dynamical causes of extreme summer substructures are briefly discussed, indicating that, for instance, the onset of monsoons, physical boundaries like the sea ice edge, or the frequency of occurrence of Rossby wave breaking, strongly determine the substructure of extreme summers in certain regions.

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Environmental magnetism study of Lake Cadagno, Switzerland

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-16462 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Artin Ali ◽

Andrea Biedermann ◽

Jasmine Berg ◽

Mark Lever ◽

Hendrik Vogel

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Sedimentary Environment ◽

Environmental Magnetism ◽

Late Glacial ◽

Magnetic Minerals ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Glacial Sediments ◽

Depth Profiles ◽

Magnetic Carriers ◽

Lake Bottom

Climate affects the mineralogy and grain size of sediments deposited in lakes. These properties are reflected in the sediment magnetic properties and can be characterized using magnetic methods. As part of the Cadagno-Project, which recovered several gravity and piston cores spanning the entire lake history from the deglacial to the present from the deepest part of permanently stratified Lake Cadagno, which is due to its peculiar water column chemistry considered an early Earth ocean analogue, our study aims to define changes in climate conditions during sedimentation. Here, we present a rock magnetic dataset (low-field magnetic susceptibility and its temperature dependence, anhysteretic and isothermal remanent magnetization (ARM, IRM), acquired in various fields, AF demagnetization, and hysteresis loops) that helps characterize the concentration, mineralogy, and grain size of magnetic carriers, and their variability with depth. Susceptibility, ARM, and IRM were measured on core sediments down to a depth of 886 cm below the lake bottom, providing a high-resolution record of the sedimentary environment of Lake Cadagno over the last 11,000 years. In addition to these depth profiles, detailed rock magnetic experiments were conducted at specific depths. The cores consist of pelagic sediments, flood turbidites, and late glacial sediments. In order to determine the characteristics of the background sedimentation, only turbidite-free intervals were included in this study. The depth profiles of susceptibility, ARM and IRM have approximately similar variations with depth. They show distinct peaks at the upper parts of the pelagic sediments (156-158 cm below the lake bottom,&#160; &#160;&#820;1280-1320 cal. Yr Bp) and of the late glacial sediments (826-844 cm below the lake bottom), which can be interpreted as increased concentration of ferromagnetic minerals or as a change in the magnetic mineralogy, in addition to decreasing trend in the background. Several intervals within the pelagic sediments are dominated by low-coercivity minerals (<10 mT), while higher coercivity grains (10&#8211;100 mT) contribute significantly at (150-170, 418-448 and 719-735 cm below the lake bottom). Magnetic grain size was analyzed using a Day plot, and shows that single domain magnetite dominates at (844 cm) below the lake bottom, indicating the presence of magnetotactic bacteria, which are believed to dwell mainly in the oxic&#8211;anoxic interface where chemical gradients are high. These results provide important constraints on the environmental conditions and climate change recorded by the magnetic minerals in Lake Cadagno.

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Neanderthal landscapes and subsistence strategies during late Quaternary glacial-interglacial periods: insights from the avian assemblages of Grotta del Cavallo (Apulia, Southern Italy)

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10115 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Carrera ◽

Daniele Scarponi ◽

Fabio Martini ◽

Lucia Sarti ◽

Marco Pavia

Keyword(s):

Southern Italy ◽

Late Quaternary ◽

Sediment Accumulation ◽

Sampling Effort ◽

Paleolithic Site ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Bird Assemblages ◽

Depositional Processes ◽

Feeding Activities ◽

The Rich

Grotta del Cavallo, a well-known Paleolithic site in Southern Italy (Nard&#242;, Apulia), preserves one of the most important Italian Middle Paleolithic sequences. Its stratigraphic succession records the presence of Neanderthals from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 7 to 3, providing substantial insights on their lifeways. Here we present the taxonomic and taphonomic analysis of the bird assemblages associated to Neanderthal occupation. The rich avifaunal assemblages allowed paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstructions, noticeably improving the reconstruction of the landscape that was exploited by Neanderthals throughout the last glacial-interglacial cycles. Based on the bird taxa identified in the assemblages, Grotta del Cavallo was mainly surrounded by extensive grasslands and shrublands, with scattered open woodland and rocky outcrops, during MIS 7, 6 and 3. The coastal plain, that is currently underwater due to Holocene relative sea-level rise, hosted wetlands in the cooler periods, when it was exposed. In the cool-temperate climatic phase attributed to MIS 3, bird taxa of water and wet environments proportionally increased, as well as coverage-based rarefied richness values. This is possibly due to the expansion of wetland areas, linked to more humid conditions, or to the shorter distance of the wetland settings from the cave, compared to MIS 6 (glacial period). A consequent higher heterogeneity of the landscape is retained to drive the increased richness. The sampling effort allowed to retrieve bird taxa that provided significant paleoclimatic insights, such as Branta leucopsis, an arctic breeder, and other species currently spread at higher altitudes, that reinforce previously obtained geochemical derived inference of climate conditions cooler than the present ones. The bird assemblages also provided the first occurrence ever of Larus genei, the first Italian occurrence of Emberiza calandra, the oldest Italian occurrence of Podiceps nigricollis, and the occurrence of Sylvia communis (a species rarely retrieved in the fossil record). Ordination analyses of the bird dataset detected the drivers of taphonomic degradation and the agents responsible for the accumulation of the avian bones: modifications are mainly due to physical sin- and post-depositional processes, whereas accumulation is mainly attributed to short-range physical processes of sediment accumulation, feeding activities of nocturnal raptors and, to a lesser extent, human activities. In detail, traces found on a few bones suggest that Neanderthals introduced some of the birds in the cave with alimentary purposes, providing the earliest Italian evidence of bird exploitation ever.

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