scholarly journals Spatial Trends in Mineral Abundances across Tyrrhena Terra on Mars derived from Geomorphological and Mineralogical Mapping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Tirsch ◽  
Joana R. C. Voigt ◽  
Christina E. Viviano ◽  
Janice L. Bishop ◽  
Melissa D. Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Craters ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Mineral Occurrence ◽  
Central Crater ◽  
Statistical Queries ◽  
Geomorphological Map ◽  
History Of ◽  
Occurrence Type ◽  
Syrtis Major

<p>Tyrrhena Terra hosts an intriguing variety of aqueously altered materials accompanied by unaltered mafic rocks. Our study region extends from the southern rim of the Isidis impact basin, including the Libya Montes region, southward to the Hellas Basin rim (Fig. 1). The NW part is dominated by lava flows from Syrtis Major that grade southwards into the TT highlands, dissected by fluvial channels and overprinted by abundant impact craters. These landforms together with lobate and fan-shaped deposits within impact craters are evidence for a variable history of erosion and deposition. Ancient phyllosilicate-rich materials have been exposed and uplifted from the subsurface, as they often occur in crater ejecta and central crater uplifts.</p><p>Our previous studies used CRISM spectral data together with CTX, HiRISE, and HRSC images as well as their derived topography data to create geomorphological maps of the southern Isidis region and Tyrrhena Terra. These datasets were used to map and characterize the types and occurrences of phyllosilicates, chlorite, opal, zeolites, carbonates, olivines, and pyroxenes and to assess the relationships between selected aqueous outcrops and surface features.</p><p>In this work, we build on these results by seeking correlations between aqueous mineral detections with our geomorphological map to assess 1) whether or not there are relationships between specific units and mineral occurrences, and 2) if there are trends across the study region in terms of mineral occurrence and abundance.</p><p>The mineralogical map originates from a study that spans not only the inter-Isidis-Hellas region, but also extends northwards to Nili Fosse and westwards to Terra Sabea. The focus of that study was on the metamorphic- and hydrothermally-related alteration history using CRISM targeted and mapping data, including hundreds of calibrated MTRDR images. These mineral detections were available to us as a mapped shape file, enabling us to assess the minerals in context with the geomorphological map. We utilized ESRI’s ArcGIS system and conducted multiple statistical queries in terms of mineral occurrence/type versus map unit in order to reveal possible trends within and across the study region.</p><p>Fe/Mg-phyllosilicates are the dominant aqueous mineral type within the study region and are more abundant in the central region compared to the proximity of either the Isidis or Hellas impact basin. Chlorites increase in abundance with distance from both impact basins, which could be an indication of hydrothermal processes from geothermal flux. The large Hellas impact event appears to have produced more varied temperatures and water chemistries, resulting in increased mineral variability near its rim.</p>

scholarly journals The stratigraphy and history of Mars' northern lowlands through mineralogy of impact craters: A comprehensive survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 1824-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Pan ◽  
Bethany L. Ehlmann ◽  
John Carter ◽  
Carolyn M. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Impact Craters ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The Tharsis mantle source of depleted shergottites revealed by 90 million impact craters

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lagain ◽  
G. K. Benedix ◽  
K. Servis ◽  
D. Baratoux ◽  
L. S. Doucet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Anomaly ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Impact Craters ◽  
Early History ◽  
Volcanic Province ◽  
Crater Detection ◽  
Depleted Mantle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secondary Crater ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe only martian rock samples on Earth are meteorites ejected from the surface of Mars by asteroid impacts. The locations and geological contexts of the launch sites are currently unknown. Determining the impact locations is essential to unravel the relations between the evolution of the martian interior and its surface. Here we adapt a Crater Detection Algorithm that compile a database of 90 million impact craters, allowing to determine the potential launch position of these meteorites through the observation of secondary crater fields. We show that Tooting and 09-000015 craters, both located in the Tharsis volcanic province, are the most likely source of the depleted shergottites ejected 1.1 million year ago. This implies that a major thermal anomaly deeply rooted in the mantle under Tharsis was active over most of the geological history of the planet, and has sampled a depleted mantle, that has retained until recently geochemical signatures of Mars’ early history.

scholarly journals The fluvial history of Mars

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1966) ◽  
pp. 2193-2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
Running Water ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Outflow Channels ◽  
History Of ◽  
Valley Networks ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Steep Slopes

River channels and valleys have been observed on several planetary bodies in addition to the Earth. Long sinuous valleys on Venus, our Moon and Jupiter's moon Io are clearly formed by lava, and branching valleys on Saturn's moon Titan may be forming today by rivers of methane. But by far the most dissected body in our Solar System apart from the Earth is Mars. Branching valleys that in plan resemble terrestrial river valleys are common throughout the most ancient landscapes preserved on the planet. Accompanying the valleys are the remains of other indicators of erosion and deposition, such as deltas, alluvial fans and lake beds. There is little reason to doubt that water was the erosive agent and that early in Mars' history, climatic conditions were very different from the present cold conditions and such that, at least episodically, water could flow across the surface. In addition to the branching valley networks, there are large flood features, termed outflow channels. These are similar to, but dwarf, the largest terrestrial flood channels. The consensus is that these channels were also cut by water although there are other possibilities. The outflow channels mostly postdate the valley networks, although most are still very ancient. They appear to have formed at a time when surface conditions were similar to those that prevail today. There is evidence that glacial activity has modified some of the water-worn valleys, particularly in the 30–50° latitude belts, and ice may also be implicated in the formation of geologically recent, seemingly water-worn gullies on steep slopes. Mars also has had a long volcanic history, and long, sinuous lava channels similar to those on the Moon and Venus are common on and around the large volcanoes. These will not, however, be discussed further; the emphasis here is on the effects of running water on the evolution of the surface.

The geological history of Northeast Syrtis Major, Mars

Icarus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 66-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Bramble ◽  
John F. Mustard ◽  
Mark R. Salvatore
Keyword(s):  
Geological History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Syrtis Major

Are There Transitional Forms in the Fossil Record?

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 47-82
Author(s):  
Kevin Padian ◽  
Kenneth D. Angielczyk
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Intelligent Design ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Incomplete Knowledge ◽  
Behavioral Transitions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Transitional Forms

The record of the history of life, as preserved in the fossil record, is not complete for reasons related to erosion and deposition, preservation and sampling bias, and approaches to analysis of the information provided by fossils. Incomplete knowledge is not unique to paleontology; the record of extant humans is no better for many questions of human genealogy. The problem is not that there are no or few transitional fossils; it is rather that, given the incompleteness of the fossil record, it is unreasonable to expect to find transitions of forms rather than transitions of features. The use of cladistic analysis largely overcomes this problem methodologically, but does not itself improve the fossil record. However, when the characters of fossil and living taxa are analyzed cladistically, they can tell us not only the sequence of origination of clades, but also how functional, adaptational, physiological, and behavioral transitions took place. In this way, hypotheses about the origins of major groups and major adaptations can be tested by standard scientific methods. In contrast, notions of the ontology of these groups as explained by “Intelligent Design” are vacuous and untestable.

Ritual Architecture in Prehistoric Complex Hunter-Gatherer Communities: A Potential Example from Keatley Creek, on the Canadian Plateau

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Morin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Study Region ◽  
The Core ◽  
History Of ◽  
Site Cluster ◽  
Ritual Architecture ◽  
And Training

A comparative analysis of housepit structures at the Keatley Creek site on the Canadian Plateau indicates that the ones on the periphery of the site cluster as a group, distinct from the domestic housepits in the core of the site. Comparison of the material attributes from a sample of peripheral structures with expectations of various nondomestic structures for the study region suggests that these structures were used as feasting or meeting-houses and not domestic residences. These peripheral structures originate during the Plateau horizon (2400–1200 B.P.) occupation of the site and were also used during the late Kamloops horizon (400–200 B.P.). It is argued here that understanding the history of these structures as loci of restricted ritual knowledge and training can contribute much to our interpretations of the bases and origins of social inequality in Keatley Creek, and other transegalitarian communities.

Hesperian Age for Western Medusae Fossae Formation, Mars

Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 336 (6089) ◽  
pp. 1683-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Zimbelman ◽  
Stephen P. Scheidt
Keyword(s):  
Layered Materials ◽  
Impact Craters ◽  
Geologic Mapping ◽  
Gale Crater ◽  
History Of

The Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) on Mars is an intensely eroded deposit north of the cratered highlands. It is widely thought that MFF materials were emplaced through ignimbrite eruptions. Recent geologic mapping of western MFF identified outliers of MFF materials well beyond the previously mapped western extent for the deposit, including outliers close to Gale crater. We report counts of impact craters on the MFF units that have implications for our understanding of the general history of MFF and the uppermost layered materials on the Gale crater mound.

scholarly journals MANAJEMEN PENCITRAAN DI MADRASAH BERPRESTASI (MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI BANGIL DAN MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI KRATON PASURUAN)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Suprapto
Keyword(s):  
School Achievement ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Professional Management ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Two Stages

<p><em>Madrasah today becomes one of the people's choices. There were changes in the perception of the educational institutions (madrasah) from "under-estimate" by most people to be sympathetic and believe in the existence and madrasah education services. Neverthelees, not all the madrasah to make progress as part of a planned and professionally managed. Professional management is one indicator is entering the marketing strategy of its reality madrasah included in this komodity.This study region focuses on: 1. Aspects of the underlying imaging management 2. Management pattern imaging performed and 3. Implementation imaging management in realizing the madrasah who excel in MAN Bangil and MAN Kraton. This study used a qualitative approach, case study with a design multisite.Technics ofdata collection is done in three ways, namely: 1. Observation 2. In-depth interviews ; and 3. Documentation. Existing data were analyzed through two stages: 1. Analysis of data on individual case  and2. Analysis of data across sites (cross-site analysis). Sources of data in this research is the headmaster, the deputy headmaster, teachers, committees, students, school administration staff, gardener, and citizens around the madrasah.</em><em></em></p><p><em>The results showed that: first, the underlying aspects of management among other related imaging madrasah;  madrasah vision, mission, background / history of the madrasah, the tendency of the public mindset, opportunities for madrasah to be an option. Second, the pattern of imaging in both MAN management is no conformity with the marketing approach of BPD (branding, positioning and differentiating). Both madrasah underlying the strategy by promoting religious culture as mainstream. Third, the implementation is done by utilizing imaging management and maximize the role of the media, activities that direct access to the community, and to fuse the cultures existing society. The findings of this study is madrasah has the potential to remain an option because it has the values of the peculiarities of the religious culture. Approach to marketing is done in order to answer the demands of public order madrasah can adjust to market needs.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> imaging management, the school achievement, madrasah aliyah</em></p>

scholarly journals Late Miocene–Pliocene climate evolution recorded by the red clay cover on the Xiaoshuizi planation surface, NE Tibetan Plateau

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomiao Li ◽  
Tingjiang Peng ◽  
Zhenhua Ma ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Zhantao Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Climate History ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Planation Surface ◽  
History Of

Abstract. The Pliocene climate and its driving mechanisms have attracted substantial scientific interest because of their potential as an analog for near-future climates. The late Miocene–Pliocene red clay sequence of the main Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) has been widely used to reconstruct the history of interior Asian aridification and the Asian monsoon. However, red clay sequences deposited on the planation surface of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are rare. A continuous red clay sequence was recently discovered on the uplifted Xiaoshuizi (XSZ) planation surface in the Maxian Mountains, northeastern (NE) TP. In this study, we analyzed multiple climatic proxies from the XSZ red clay sequence with the aim of reconstructing the late Miocene–early Pliocene climate history of the NE TP and to assess regional climatic differences between the central and western CLP. Our results demonstrate the occurrence of minimal weathering and pedogenesis during the late Miocene, which indicates that the climate was arid. We speculate that precipitation delivered by the paleo East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) was limited during this period and that the intensification of the circulation of the westerlies resulted in arid conditions in the study region. Subsequently, enhanced weathering and pedogenesis occurred intermittently during 4.7–3.9 Ma, which attests to an increase in effective moisture. We ascribe the arid–humid climatic transition near ∼4.7 Ma to the expansion of the paleo-EASM. The warming of the high northern latitudes in response to the closure of the Panama Seaway may have been responsible for the thermodynamical enhancement of the paleo-EASM system, which permitted more moisture to be transported to the NE TP.

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