Assessment of groundwater contamination by chlorpyrifos using the PWC model in Valencia Region (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Pérez Indoval ◽  
Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri ◽  
Eduardo Cassiraga
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Environmental Modeling ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Advection Dispersion ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Transformation Processes ◽  
Mass Transport Equation

<p>Chlorpyrifos is commoly used as an pesticide to control weeds and prevent nondesirable grow of algae, fungi and bacteria in many agricultural applications. Despite its highly negative effects on human health, environmental modeling of this kind of pesticide in the groundwater is not commonly done in real situations. Predicting the fate of pesticides released into the natural environment is necessary to anticipate and minimize adverse effects both at close and long distances from the contamination source. A number of models have been developed to predict the behavior, mobility, and persistence of pesticides. These models should account for key hydrological and agricultural processes, such as crop growth, pesticide application patterns, transformation processes and field management practices.</p><p>This work shows results obtained by the Pesticide Water Calculator (PWC) model to simulate the behavior of chlorpyrifos. PWC model is used as a standard pesticide simulation model in USA and in this work it has been used to  simulate the fate and transport of chlorpyrifos in the unsaturated zone of the aquifer. The model uses a whole set of parameters to solve a modified version of the mass transport equation considering the combined effect of advection, dispersion and reactive transport processes. PWC is used to estimate the daily concentrations of chlorpyrifos in the Buñol-Cheste aquifer in Valencia Region(Spain).</p><p>A whole set of simulation scenarios have been designed to perform a parameter sensitivity analysis. Results of the PWC model obtained in this study represents a crucial first step towards the development of a pesticide risk assessment in Valencia Region. Results show that numerical simulation is a valid tool for the analysis and prediction of the fate  and transport of pesticides in the groundwater.</p>

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of Groundwater Pollution by Chlorpyrifos, Bromacil and Terbuthylazine. Application to the Buñol-Cheste Aquifer (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3511
Author(s):  
Ricardo Pérez-Indoval ◽  
Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri ◽  
Eduardo Cassiraga ◽  
María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Environmental Modeling ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Concentration Limit ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Advection Dispersion ◽  
Agricultural Applications

Chlorpyrifos, Bromacil and Terbuthylazine are commonly used as insecticides and herbicides to control weeds and prevent non-desirable growth of algae, fungi and bacteria in many agricultural applications. Despite their highly negative effects on human health, environmental modeling of these pesticides in the vadose zone until they reach groundwater is still not being conducted on a regular basis. This work shows results obtained by version 5.08 of the Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM5) numerical model to simulate the fate and transport of Chlorpyrifos, Bromacil and Terbuthylazine between 2006 and 2018 inside the Buñol-Cheste aquifer in Spain. The model uses a whole set of parameters to solve a modified version of the mass transport equation considering the combined effect of advection, dispersion and reactive transport processes. The simulation process was designed for a set of twelve scenarios considering four application doses for each pesticide. Results show that the maximum concentration value for every scenario exceeds the current Spanish Maximum Concentration Limit (0.1 μg/L). Numerical simulations were able to reproduce concentration observations over time despite the limited amount of available data.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Contamination by Terbuthylazine Using Vadose Zone Numerical Models. Case Study of Valencia Province (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3280
Author(s):  
Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri ◽  
María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero ◽  
Eduardo Cassiraga ◽  
Leticia Ballesteros-Almonacid
Keyword(s):  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Environmental Modeling ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Phreatic Surface

Terbuthylazine is commonly used as an herbicide to control weeds and prevent non-desirable grow of algae, fungi and bacteria in many agricultural applications. Despite its highly negative effects on human health, environmental modeling of this kind of pesticide in the vadose zone till reaching groundwater is still not being done on a regular basis. This work shows results obtained by two mathematical models (PESTAN and PRZM-GW) to explain terbuthylazine behavior in the non-saturated zone of a vertical soil column. One of the models use a one-dimensional analytical formulation to simulate the movement of terbuthylazine through the non-saturated soil to the phreatic surface. The second and more complex model uses a whole set of parameters to solve a modified version of the mass transport equation considering the combined effect of advection, dispersion and reactive transport processes. Both models have been applied as a case-study on a particular location in South Valencia Aquifer (Spain). A whole set of simulation scenarios have been designed to perform a parameter sensitivity analysis. Despite both models leading to terbuthylazine’s concentration values, numerical simulations show that PRZM-GW is able to reproduce concentration observations leading to much more accurately results than those obtained using PESTAN.

scholarly journals MODELLING TRANSPORT AND FATE OF WOODY DEBRIS IN COASTAL WATERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Enda Murphy ◽  
Andrew Cornett ◽  
Ioan Nistor ◽  
Scott Baker
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Wave Basin

Woody debris is ubiquitous in coastal waters, and on shorelines proximate to forested regions. Logs and driftwood play a vital role in coastal and global ecosystems, and can provide valuable data to support studies of oceanography, geomorphology, ecology, history and archaeology. There is growing interest in the role that woody debris can play in nature-based coastal engineering solutions. However, large quantities of woody debris in coastal waters can pose significant hazards to communities, infrastructure, navigation and ecosystems. Thus, the changing abundance and distribution of coastal driftwood, driven by factors including human activities and climate change, has potential for both positive and negative consequences. A better understanding of coastal driftwood fate and transport processes is needed to inform management practices, uses, and sustainable ecosystem management. To date, research on physical transport of woody debris, has been concentrated on tsunami and inland (riverine) environments, where spatiotemporal scales and driving processes are significantly different from typical climatic or even extreme (storm) conditions in coastal waters. In this paper, we describe a series of scale physical model experiments, conducted to provide insight to debris transport processes in coastal waters under a range of controlled wave and water level conditions. The experiments were conducted in a 50.4-metre by 29.4-metre wave basin, in which a 1/30 scale model of a natural shoreline comprised of a shallow fringing reef, a sandy shoreline, and several small coastal structures (groynes and breakwaters) was constructed. Wooden dowels and tree branches, scaled to replicate the size distribution of woody debris observed on Pacific Northwest shorelines, were released in the model. Despite some limitations (e.g., model scale effects), the experimental test results provided several valuable insights to factors affecting debris mobility in coastal areas. The results will inform the parameterization of important physical processes in a numerical model being developed to predict the fate and transport of woody debris in coastal waters.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/hvBHZVObDhY

Modelling in-sewer changes in wastewater quality under aerobic conditions

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Almeida ◽  
D. Butler ◽  
J. W. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Free Surface Flows ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Advection Dispersion ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Transformation Processes

In the present paper a model for the simulation of in-sewer transformation processes occurring during the transport of wastewater under aerobic conditions is presented. The basic approach is to use a detailed description of the transport processes to separate the effect of advection-dispersion in the variations of concentration (of a certain pollutant in a certain pipe length) from those due to transformation processes. The focus is on dry weather flow and free surface flows. Processes such as reaeration, heterotrophic growth and decay, hydrolysis, ammonification and biofilm consumption of substrate and oxygen are considered. Transformation processes are modelled using a similar approach to that of the IAWQ Activated sludge model n°1. Results of tracer experiments are presented showing the relevance of dispersion in pipe flow. The results of sensitivity analysis on the model parameters are presented. The model results are especially sensitive to variations in yield and maximum growth rate for heterotrophs. Thus, these parameters should be determined experimentally for a given system. Less precise estimates for the other parameters have less impact on the model results. This aspect is especially relevant due to the lack of established methods for the estimation of these parameters for sewer systems modelling.

Modelling fate and transport of pesticides: the case study of the contamination in Valencia aquifers.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Pérez Indoval ◽  
Eduardo Cassiraga ◽  
Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Contamination Source ◽  
Field Management ◽  
Transformation Processes ◽  
Spanish Legislation

<p>Predicting the fate of pesticides released into the natural environment is necessary to anticipate and minimize adverse effects far from the contamination source. These effects arise due to the movement of pesticides in surface water and can take place via drift, surface runoff and subsurface flow. A number of models have been developed to predict the behavior, mobility, and persistence of pesticides. These models should account for key hydrological processes, such as crop growth, pesticide application, transformation processes and field management practices.</p><p>In this work, Pesticide Water Calculator PWC model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is applied to simulate the fate and transport of pesticides in the unsaturated zone of an aquifer. The model is used to estimate the daily concentrations of pesticides in the Valencia aquifers (Spain). In these aquifers, pesticide concentration values have been found to be greater than the Maximum Concentration Levels (MCLs) established by Spanish Legislation.</p><p>The simulations carried out in this work address different environmental scenarios and include a sensitivity analysis of the parameters used in the model. Results of the PWC model provide a crucial first step towards the development of pesticide risk assessment in Valencia region. Results also show that numerical simulation is a valid tool for the analysis and prediction of the fate and transport of pollutants in soil and groundwater.</p>

Porous media as a canvas for hydro-bio-geo-chemical processes: Facing the challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Sanchez-Vila
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Music Production ◽  
Emerging Compounds ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Large Research

<p>The more we study flow and transport processes in porous media, the larger the number of questions that arise. Heterogeneity, uncertainty, multidisciplinarity, and interdisciplinarity are key words that make our live as researchers miserable… and interesting. There are many ways of facing complexity; this is equivalent as deciding what colors and textures to consider when being placed in front of a fresh canvas, or what are the sounds to include and combine in a music production. You can try to get as much as you can from one discipline, using very sophisticated state-of-the-art models. On the other hand, you can choose to bring to any given problem a number of disciplines, maybe having to sacrifice deepness in exchange of the better good of yet still sophisticated multifaceted solutions. There are quite a number of examples of the latter approach. In this talk, I will present a few of those, eventually concentrating in managed aquifer recharge (MAR) practices. This technology involves water resources from a myriad of perspectives, covering from climate change to legislation, from social awareness to reactive transport, from toxicological issues to biofilm formation, from circular economy to emerging compounds, from research to pure technological developments, and more. All of these elements deserve our attention as researchers, and we cannot pretend to master all of them. Integration, development of large research groups, open science are words that will appear in this talk. So does mathematics, and physics, and geochemistry, and organic chemistry, and biology. In any given hydrogeological problem you might need to combine equations, statistics, experiments, field work, and modeling; expect all of them in this talk. As groundwater complexity keeps amazing and mesmerizing me, do not expect solutions being provided, just anticipate more and more challenging research questions being asked.</p>

scholarly journals Introduced and cryptogenic species and their management in Paranaguá Bay, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Somaio Neves ◽  
Rosana Moreira da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Paranaguá Bay ◽  
Cryptogenic Species ◽  
Information Database ◽  
Hard Substrates ◽  
Underwater Structures

The aim of this work was to identify the introduced and cryptogenic species in encrusting and associated communities of hard substrates in Paranaguá Bay, Brazil, and to attempt to determine which of these species could negatively affect the local community to suggest management strategies for these species. At least four introduced species were found - a large number in comparison with other port surveys. These were the hydrozoan Garveia franciscana Torrey, 1902, the polychaete Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1902, the barnacles Amphibalanus reticulatus (Utinoni, 1967) and Striatobalanus amaryllis Darwin, 1854, all with potentially harmful impacts. Of the 33 cryptogenic species, four were also listed in the literature as causing negative effects. We propose the following management practices: periodic cleaning of all underwater structures, population monitoring of invasive species and potential substrates, an information database of potential sources of introduction.

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