scholarly journals Modelling multiple threats to water security in the Peruvian Amazon using the WaterWorld policy support system

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. J. van Soesbergen ◽  
M. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Abstract. This paper describes the application of WaterWorld (www.policysupport.org/waterworld) to the Peruvian Amazon, an area that is increasingly under pressure from deforestation and water pollution as a result of population growth, rural-to-urban migration and oil and gas extraction, potentially impacting both water quantity and water quality. By applying single and combined plausible scenarios of climate change, deforestation around existing and planned roads, population growth and rural–urban migration, mining and oil and gas exploitation, we explore the potential combined impacts of these multiple changes on water resources in the Peruvian Amazon.

scholarly journals Modelling multiple threats to water security in the Peruvian Amazon using the WaterWorld Policy Support System

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 567-594
Author(s):  
A. J. J. van Soesbergen ◽  
M. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Support System ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Management Interventions

Abstract. This paper explores a multitude of threats to water security in the Peruvian Amazon using the WaterWorld policy support system. WaterWorld is a spatially explicit, physically-based globally-applicable model for baseline and scenario water balance that is particularly well suited to heterogeneous environments with little locally available data (e.g. ungauged basins) and which is delivered through a simple web interface, requiring little local capacity for use. The model is capable of producing a hydrological baseline representing the mean water balance for 1950–2000 and allows for examining impacts of population, climate and land use change as well as land and water management interventions on hydrology. This paper describes the application of WaterWorld to the Peruvian Amazon, an area that is increasingly under pressure from deforestation and water pollution as a result of population growth, rural to urban migration and oil and gas extraction, potentially impacting both water quantity and water quality. By applying single and combined scenarios of: climate change, deforestation around existing and planned roads, population growth and rural-urban migration, mining and oil and gas exploitation, we explore the potential combined impacts of these multiple changes on water resources in the Peruvian Amazon and discuss the likely pathways for adaptation to and mitigation against their worst effects. See Mulligan et al. (2013) for a similar analysis for the entire Amazon Basin.

scholarly journals Household Water Security: An Analysis of Water Affect in the Context of Hydraulic Fracturing in West Virginia, Appalachia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethani Turley ◽  
Martina Angela Caretta
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Water Testing ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

Hydraulic fracturing has been booming in the last decade in the United States. While natural gas extraction and production has improved the national energy security, it has raised questions around the water security of those communities where extraction is taking place. Both scientists and residents are concerned about hydraulic fracturing’s impacts on surface- and groundwater, especially regarding how hydraulic fracturing impacts residents’ access to safe household well water. In the past decade, the Marcellus Shale has been developed in Northwestern West Virginia, yet the human geography dimensions of oil and gas extraction in West Virginia remain to be investigated. This article, based on 30 in-depth interviews, explores household groundwater insecurity due to hydraulic fracturing experienced by residents (i.e., mineral owners, surface owners, and concerned citizens) in Northwestern West Virginia. The concept of water affect is used to attend to the emotional and subjective dimensions of water security by unveiling the power, emotional struggles, and mental stress inherent in water testing practices and environmental regulation around hydraulic fracturing. Water testing is typically conducted by contractors hired by oil and gas companies, but it is mired in delayed test results and incorrect testing procedures, triggering residents’ negative feelings toward oil and gas companies. This article furthers the understanding of water security, commonly defined in terms of individual access to adequate water quality and quantity, by studying Appalachian residents’ anxieties about well water contamination and uncertainty around the long-term water impacts of hydraulic fracturing. By investigating the uneven power relations around groundwater in West Virginia, the emotional experiences and responses are articulated to further the notion of water affect as impacting household groundwater security.

Risk Assessment of Climate-Induced Rural-Urban Migration: Case Study of Ningxia Based on Expert Judgment

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan ZHENG ◽  
Xiaoyu ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Migration Flow ◽  
Risk Framework ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Climate change has become an important driving factor for regional migration. This paper projects the crop yields in the typical sub-regions of Ningxia with SRES-A1B climate modeling method, and makes an expert evaluation on future risk of climate-induced migration based on IPCC risk framework. The paper argues that there would be an increasing rural-urban migration flow from the central and southern areas to the northern area of Ningxia in the near future, mainly because of the trend of a decreasing climate carrying capacity and an expanding poverty population in those vulnerable areas to climate change. This paper concludes that well-designed relocation plans would help to facilitate the migration as well as to promote the urbanization in Ningxia, taking into consideration of future climate change scenarios and risk assessment on climate-induced migration.

Sustainable Water Provision

2011 ◽  
pp. 1768-1781
Author(s):  
Shinyi Lee ◽  
Tan Yigitcanlar ◽  
Prasanna Egodawatta ◽  
Ashantha Goonetilleke
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
Growth Changes

As a result of rapid urbanisation, population growth, changes in lifestyle, pollution and the impacts of climate change, water provision has become a critical challenge for planners and policy-makers. In the wake of increasingly difficult water provision and drought, the notion that freshwater is a finite and vulnerable resource is increasingly being realised. Many city administrations around the world are struggling to provide water security for their residents to maintain lifestyle and economic growth. This chapter reviews the global challenge of providing freshwater to sustain lifestyles and economic growth, and the contributing challenges of climate change, urbanisation, population growth and problems in rainfall distribution. The chapter proceeds to evaluate major alternatives to current water sources such as conservation, recycling and reclamation, and desalination. Integrated water resource management is briefly looked at to explore its role in complementing water provision. A comparative study on alternative resources is undertaken to evaluate their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and constraints, and the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Double Exposures: Future Water Security across Urban Southeast Asia

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa E. Lorenzo ◽  
Ann P. Kinzig
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Southeast Asia is one of the most dynamic regions in the world in terms of economic growth and urbanization. At the same time, the region is also prone to multiple hydro-meteorological disasters, which are projected to be intensified by climate change. This paper analyzes the combined effect of economic development and climate change on the future water security of middle-income Southeast Asian countries using the double exposure framework, focusing on the effects in urban areas. A review of the existing literature reveals unequal water security outcomes across the region as a result of combined climate, economic, and urbanization pressures. The water supply and sanitation infrastructure of upper-middle-income Southeast Asian countries are vulnerable to damage from intensified disasters, potentially decreasing both immediate and longer-term water quality. In lower-middle-income countries, the water quality will be the more important water security challenge in the short-term as opposed to water quantity, mainly due to the fast growth of industries. Lower-middle-income countries, though less vulnerable to disasters, will still have lower future water security compared to upper-middle-income countries, as they have less capacity to address water quality and quantity challenges brought about by both industrial growth and urbanization. Across the region, future water quantity and quality challenges may result in slower economic and urban growth if not planned adequately.

In Perspective: A Summing Up

2021 ◽  
pp. 385-410
Author(s):  
Robert E.B. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Transformation Potential ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

The cumulative findings are summarized under five cross-cutting themes: rural-urban migration and urbanization; the role of rural-urban migration in economic development; the incidence and nature of temporary moves; the consequences of gender imbalance in migration; and implications for the structure and well-being of families. Also included are reflections on the complex range of policies that shape internal migration and the lack of coordination in planning. The desirability of intent to limit rural-urban migration is doubted, given the inexorability of structural transformation, potential gains to moving, and continuing threat from climate change. Planning for managed urban growth, which remains in its infancy in many developing countries, is vital. A closing postscript portrays populations as trapped between declining rural opportunities as climate change proceeds and COVID centered in cities. It is too early to predict how the dynamics of the pandemic will evolve, but climate change will not likely be contained.

scholarly journals Sustainable Water Provision

2010 ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Shinyi Lee ◽  
Tan Yigitcanlar ◽  
Prasanna Egodawatta ◽  
Ashantha Goonetilleke
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
Growth Changes

As a result of rapid urbanisation, population growth, changes in lifestyle, pollution and the impacts of climate change, water provision has become a critical challenge for planners and policy-makers. In the wake of increasingly difficult water provision and drought, the notion that freshwater is a finite and vulnerable resource is increasingly being realised. Many city administrations around the world are struggling to provide water security for their residents to maintain lifestyle and economic growth. This chapter reviews the global challenge of providing freshwater to sustain lifestyles and economic growth, and the contributing challenges of climate change, urbanisation, population growth and problems in rainfall distribution. The chapter proceeds to evaluate major alternatives to current water sources such as conservation, recycling and reclamation, and desalination. Integrated water resource management is briefly looked at to explore its role in complementing water provision. A comparative study on alternative resources is undertaken to evaluate their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and constraints, and the results are discussed.

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