In Perspective: A Summing Up

2021 ◽  
pp. 385-410
Author(s):  
Robert E.B. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Transformation Potential ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

The cumulative findings are summarized under five cross-cutting themes: rural-urban migration and urbanization; the role of rural-urban migration in economic development; the incidence and nature of temporary moves; the consequences of gender imbalance in migration; and implications for the structure and well-being of families. Also included are reflections on the complex range of policies that shape internal migration and the lack of coordination in planning. The desirability of intent to limit rural-urban migration is doubted, given the inexorability of structural transformation, potential gains to moving, and continuing threat from climate change. Planning for managed urban growth, which remains in its infancy in many developing countries, is vital. A closing postscript portrays populations as trapped between declining rural opportunities as climate change proceeds and COVID centered in cities. It is too early to predict how the dynamics of the pandemic will evolve, but climate change will not likely be contained.

scholarly journals Urban-Rural Gaps in the Developing World: Does Internal Migration Offer Opportunities?

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lagakos
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Land Markets ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Future Work

This article provides an overview of the growing literature on urban-rural gaps in the developing world. I begin with recent evidence on the size of the gaps as measured by consumption, income, and wages, and argue that the gaps are real rather than just nominal. I then discuss the role of sorting more able workers into urban areas and review an array of recent evidence on outcomes from rural-urban migration. Overall, migrants do experience substantial gains on average, though smaller than suggested by the cross-sectional gaps. I conclude that future work should help further explore the frictions—in particular, information, financial, and in land markets—that hold back rural-urban migration and may help explain the persistence of urban-rural gaps.

Migration in India: A Review

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Economic Gain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Migration in India has received increased scholarly attention in the past forty years, assisted by additional categories of data collected through the National Census. Considering the volume of both internal and international migration, the Indian population is relatively immobile. Most movements occur locally; 60 percent of internal migration is rural-rural on an intra-district level, consisting primarily of women moving with their husbands after marriage. Next in importance is the rural-urban migration of males seeking economic gain. The few studies done on migrants' characteristics show migration to be highly selective of age, sex, marital status, education, occupation and caste. The specific role of poverty in causing migration is still under debate. Key areas for further research include a greater focus on immobility; the social and demographic consequences of migration on sending and receiving communities; and the social, economic and demographic behavior of the migrants.

REMITTANCE BEHAVIOUR OF OUT-MIGRATION IN ROHTAS DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (66) ◽  
pp. 15293-15303
Author(s):  
Shyam Krishna Jee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Group Factor ◽  
Population Geography ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Intact Human migration is an important area of research in Population Geography. It has been related to mankind from the very beginning of human life. During earlier days people used to move from one forest to another in search of food. The development of civilization helped people to keep animals and cultivated land. This led to the development of settlement. But at this stage also, people continued to move from one region to another in search of fertile land. In due course of time, the development of trade, industry and transport encouraged people to move from one area to another. These developments accelerated rural-urban migration which caused urbanization and industrialization. Remittances has also affected the migration level in this study remittance behaviour has been analysed. It affects the variable measuring economic development. In any economy, unbalanced regional development leads to internal migration. Moreover, globalization and liberalization generated system as well as flow of remittances. In present study remittance behaviour of out-migrants in state of Bihar and Rohtas district has been discussed. In this study age-group factor have been carved out according to remittance behaviour.

Women's rural-urban migration in Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sally N. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Low Income Women ◽  
The Impact

Women’s sole internal migration has been mostly ignored in migration studies, and the concentration on migrant women has been almost exclusively on low-income women within the household framework. This study focuses on middleclass women’s contemporary rural-urban migration in Lebanon. It probes into the determinants and outcomes of women’s sole internal migration within the empowerment framework. The study delves into the interplay of the personal, social, and structural factors that determine the women’s rural-urban migration as well as its outcomes. It draws together the lived experiences of migrant women to explore the determinants of women’s internal migration as well as the impact of migration on their expanded empowerment.

Development as Self-Interest

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Blodgett Bermeo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

This chapter introduces the role of development as a self-interested policy pursued by industrialized states in an increasingly connected world. As such, it is differentiated from traditional geopolitical accounts of interactions between industrialized and developing states as well as from assertions that the increased focus on development stems from altruistic motivations. The concept of targeted development—pursuing development abroad when and where it serves the interests of the policymaking states—is introduced and defined. The issue areas covered in the book—foreign aid, trade agreements between industrialized and developing countries, and finance for climate change adaptation and mitigation—are introduced. The preference for bilateral, rather than multilateral, action is discussed.

scholarly journals A room with a view: a special issue with a special perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Simone Borghesi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Climate Policies

AbstractThe present article describes the main insights deriving from the papers collected in this special issue which jointly provide a ‘room with a view’ on some of the most relevant issues in climate policy such as: the role of uncertainty, the distributional implications of climate change, the drivers and applications of decarbonizing innovation, the role of emissions trading and its interactions with companion policies. While looking at different issues and from different angles, all papers share a similar attention to policy aspects and implications, especially in developing countries. This is particularly important to evaluate whether and to what extent the climate policies adopted thus far in developed countries can be replicated in emerging economies.

scholarly journals Modelling multiple threats to water security in the Peruvian Amazon using the WaterWorld policy support system

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. J. van Soesbergen ◽  
M. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Abstract. This paper describes the application of WaterWorld (www.policysupport.org/waterworld) to the Peruvian Amazon, an area that is increasingly under pressure from deforestation and water pollution as a result of population growth, rural-to-urban migration and oil and gas extraction, potentially impacting both water quantity and water quality. By applying single and combined plausible scenarios of climate change, deforestation around existing and planned roads, population growth and rural–urban migration, mining and oil and gas exploitation, we explore the potential combined impacts of these multiple changes on water resources in the Peruvian Amazon.

scholarly journals National REDD+ Strategy for Climate Change Mitigation: A Review and Comparison of Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jewel Andoh ◽  
Yohan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Institutional Infrastructure ◽  
Definition Of

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable forest management and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+) in developing countries requires a National REDD+ Strategy (NRS) to ensure effectiveness, efficiency and equity. So far, only a few countries have submitted their NRS to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to progress to the implementation phase of REDD+. To compare the NRS of eight countries from Africa and the Asia-Pacific region, we used content analysis to assess whether these countries have paid attention to the REDD+ design components and adhered to the UNFCCC REDD+ rules. Our results demonstrate that all eight countries have paid considerable attention to REDD+ activities, finance, measurement, reporting and verification (MRV), and safeguard systems, and most countries have not adhered to the UNFCCC REDD+ rules on scale including the definition of national and subnational forests, subnational projects to be nested into national systems, and subnational activities to be verified by experts. REDD+ countries must develop definitions for national and subnational forests to enhance forest monitoring and they must develop technical and institutional infrastructure for MRV and safeguard systems, to receive results-based payments, and for the sustainability of REDD+ projects.

scholarly journals Informality, Growth, and Development in Africa

2014 ◽  
pp. 619-636
Author(s):  
Ahmadou Aly Mbaye ◽  
Nancy Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Earnings Differentials ◽  
Informal Labor ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

This chapter begins with an overview of the major approaches and potential limitations of defining the informal sector, followed by an analysis of its size, structure, and institutional context. It then considers the taxation of informal firms and notes the pervasiveness of tax evasion in the informal sector, along with state failures and informal employment, earnings differentials between formal and informal actors, and the role of rural–urban migration in the rise of informal labor force in developing countries. The chapter explores why informality is so pervasive in Africa; why informal firms are less productive than their formal counterparts; whether it is best for development to proceed in order to get informal firms to register and pay formal taxes; and how to help informal firms and those employed in the informal sector. Finally, it discusses a good approach to development that takes into account the existence of the informal sector.

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