scholarly journals Hyperspectral-reflectance dataset of dry, wet and submerged marine litter

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 713-730
Author(s):  
Els Knaeps ◽  
Sindy Sterckx ◽  
Gert Strackx ◽  
Johan Mijnendonckx ◽  
Mehrdad Moshtaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Tank ◽  
Hyperspectral Reflectance ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Spectral Evolution ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Technological Research ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Calibration Facility ◽  
Reflectance Measurements ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. This paper describes a dataset consisting of 47 hyperspectral-reflectance measurements of plastic litter samples. The plastic litter samples include virgin and real samples from the Port of Antwerp. They were measured in dry conditions in the Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) calibration facility, and a selection of the samples were also measured in wet conditions and submerged in a water tank at Flanders Hydraulics. The construction on top of the tank allowed us to submerge the plastics and keep sediments in suspension. The spectral measurements were performed using an Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) FieldSpec 4 and a Spectral Evolution (SEV) spectrometer. The datasets are available on the 4TU.ResearchData open-access repository (ASD dataset: https://doi.org/10.4121/12896312.v2, Knaeps et al., 2020; SEV dataset: https://doi.org/10.4121/uuid:9ee3be54-9132-415a-aaf2-c7fbf32d2199; Garaba et al., 2020).

scholarly journals Hyperspectral reflectance dataset of dry, wet and submerged marine litter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Els Knaeps ◽  
Sindy Sterckx ◽  
Gert Strackx ◽  
Johan Mijnendonckx ◽  
Mehrdad Moshtaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Hyperspectral Reflectance ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Spectral Evolution ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Real Samples ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Calibration Facility ◽  
Reflectance Measurements ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. This paper describes a dataset consisting of 47 hyperspectral reflectance measurements of plastic litter samples. The plastic litter samples include virgin and real samples from the Port of Antwerp. They were measured in dry conditions in the VITO calibration facility and a selection of the samples was also measured in wet conditions and submerged in a watertank at Flanders Hydraulics. The construction on top of the tank allowed to submerge the plastics and keep sediments in suspension. The spectral measurements were performed using an Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) FieldSpec 4 and a Spectral Evolution (SEV) spectrometer. The datasets are available on the 4TU.ResearchData open-access repository (ASD dataset: https://doi.org/10.4121/12896312.v2, Knaeps et al., 2020; SEV dataset: https://doi.org/10.4121/uuid:9ee3be54-9132-415a-aaf2-c7fbf32d2199, Garaba et al., 2020).

Assessment of reproductive capacity of representatives of ancestral complexes and especially their selection of seed in dry conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
А.В. Семенютина ◽  
С.Е. Лазарев ◽  
К.А. Мельник
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Gleditsia Triacanthos ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Forest Reclamation ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Selection Of

Представители родовых комплексов Robinia (Робиния), Gleditsia (Гледичия) относятся к экономически важным и перспективным, для деградированных ландшафтов засушливого региона, видам растений. Несмотря на это до последнего времени отсутствуют сведения по многим видам этих родовых комплексов, связанные с вопросами экологических основ семеноведения и их репродуктивной способности в условиях светлокаштановых почв Волгоградской области. Все это направлено на выявление и расширение перспективных ареалов культивирования для лесомелиорации и озеленения населенных пунктов. Цель исследований изучение репродуктивной способности представителей родовых комплексов Robinia (Робиния), Gleditsia (Гледичия) в коллекциях ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН и выявление особенностей их селекционного семеноведения для лесомелиорации и озеленения населенных пунктов в сухостепных условиях. Объектами исследований являлись виды и формы рода Robinia: R. viscosa Vent. R. neomexicana Gray. R. pseudoacacia L. R. neomexicana х pseudoacacia, и Gleditsia (G. triacanthos L., G. triacanthos L. f. inermis, G. caspica Desf, G. texana Sarg., G. aquatica, G. japonica, G. caspica, G. sinensis), произрастающие в кластерных участках коллекций ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН, кадастр 34:34:000000:122, 34:34:060061:10. Разработка основ селекционного семеноведения базируется на изучении репродуктивных особенностей выделенных для целевого использования собственных биоресурсов с учетом возможностей всестороннего изучения генеративных качеств и оценки биологического потенциала. Выявлено, что стабильность плодоношения фиксируется через несколько лет после вступления в генеративную фазу: у Robinia и Gleditsia 67 лет. Первое цветение у Gleditsia triacanthos и G. texana, G. aquatica наблюдалось в возрасте 5 лет, G. japonica 6, G. caspica и G. sinensis 8 лет. Завязываемость плодов зависит не только от возраста растения, но и от погодных условий во время цветения. На семенную продуктивность влияет количество выпавших осадков и сумма активных температур в период созревания плодов. Формирование более крупных плодов и семян наблюдается в возрасте до 15 лет. В результате исследований (20172019 гг.) выявлено влияние лимитирующих факторов на биологический потенциал цветения, плодоношения и семенную продуктивность для определения ареалов их культивирования. Representatives of generic systems Robinia, Gleditsia are economically important and promising for degraded arid landscapes of the region, types of plants. Despite this, until recently, there is no information on many types of these generic complexes related to the environmental foundations of seed and their reproductive capacity in light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. All this is aimed at identifying and expanding promising areas of cultivation for forest reclamation and greening of settlements. The aim of the research is to study the reproductive capacity of representatives of ancestral complexes Robinia, Gleditsia in the collections of the Federal scientific center for Agroecology Russian Academy of Sciences and the identifying features of their selection of seed for forest reclamation and landscaping of settlements in the dry steppe conditions. The objects of research were species and forms of the genus Robinia: R. viscosa Vent. R. neomexicana Gray. R. pseudoacacia L. R. neomexicana x pseudoacacia and Gleditsia (G. triacanthos L., G. triacanthos L. f. inermis, G. caspica Desf, G. texana Sarg., G. aquatica, G. japonica, G. caspica, G. sinensis), growing in the cluster areas of collections of FSC Agroecology RAS, cadastre 34:34:000000:122, 34:34:060061:10. The development of the principles of seed breeding is based on the study of reproductive characteristics of the allocated for the targeted use of their own bioresources, taking into account the possibilities of a comprehensive study of generative qualities and assessment of biological potential. It was found that the stability of fruiting is fixed a few years after entering the generative phase: Robinia and Gleditsia 67 years. The first flowering in Gleditsia triacanthos and G. texana, G. aquatica was observed at the age of 5 years, G. japonica 6, G. caspica and G. sinensis 8 years. Fruit setability depends not only on the age of the plant, but also on weather conditions during flowering. Seed productivity is affected by the amount of precipitation and the amount of active temperatures during the ripening period. The formation of larger fruits and seeds is observed in the age of 15 years. As a result of studies (20172019), the influence of limiting factors on the biological potential of flowering, fruiting and seed production to determine the areas of their cultivation was revealed.

scholarly journals Observational Evidence for Spectral Evolution of Cluster Galaxies

1988 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 311-319
Author(s):  
Alan Dressler ◽  
James E. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Spectral Evolution ◽  
Cluster Galaxies ◽  
Luminous Galaxies ◽  
Detector Technology ◽  
Selection Of

The study of galaxy evolution with large lookback times is dominated by two difficult issues. The first is a technical matter. Even the most luminous galaxies are faint (mr < 19) at significant lookback times (z ≳ 0.5), and so spectrophotometric observations of average galaxies challenge our present telescope and detector technology. The second issue is the selection of objects in an unbiased way in order to assemble a representative sample of galaxies at the remote epoch. It is far too easy to chase only exotic objects whose very peculiarity has brought them to our attention. Though observations of such objects may be fascinating and revealing, they may tell us little about the evolution of an typical galaxy like our own.

Results of the Full Scale Testing of the Remote Dismantling in Greifswald NPP

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Borchardt ◽  
Ju¨rgen Raasch
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Firm Basis ◽  
The Times ◽  
Ambient Dose ◽  
Selection Of

For the dismantling of the pressure vessels and internals of the Greifwald WWER units 1–4, remote dismantling procedures are necessary. In order to realise this, 3 different cutting areas are used, i.e.: a wet cutting pool for highly activated parts, a dry cutting area for less activated parts and a specific cutting area for the annular water tank. Techniques and procedures were tested in a mock-up installation, with original components from the not operated reactor units 7 and 8. Special emphasis was given to evaluate the expected radiation exposure of the personnel, the maximum application time of the tools and the minimization of the secondary waste. The complete testing program was executed from October 1999 to September 2002. The authorised expert was involved in all steps of the testing. Thus a firm basis for the licensing and the execution of the remote dismantling could be established. Based on the results of the model dismantling and the selection of tools and procedures, the times necessary for the different operation steps could be calculated. With these figures, the manpower and the ambient dose rate it was possible to calculate the time need for the dismantling and also the expected dose commitment. This information was mandatory for the project planning and the preparation of the licensing documents. Presently the implantation of components and systems are going on in unit 2 and the start of cutting of the first activated pressure vessel is scheduled for end of 2003.

Measurement of High Thermodynamic Temperatures in the DLR Solar Furnace by UV-B Detection

Solar Energy ◽  
2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Rohner ◽  
Andreas Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Solar Furnace ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
System Temperature ◽  
Selection Of

The correct selection of the operating wavelength is essential for a precise pyrometric temperature measurement on solar irradiated samples, as the measurement may be disturbed by reflected solar radiation. Atmospheric conditions and particularly the emissivity as basic material property determine the amount of this reflected and the emitted radiation from a sample under investigation. An approach to solve this problem by using a monochromator system for temperature measurement in the UV-B range was developed and experimentally tested. With this system, temperature measurements were possible beginning at 1320°C and ranging up to about 2400°C. Two calculation methods are described and compared. The influence of the calibration temperature on the quality of the temperature measurement is shown. Measurements on a blackbody up to 1500°C were performed for calibration purpose. Temperature measurements on a real solar heated magnesia sample up to 2400°C are presented and discussed. These spectral measurements on hot bodies irradiated in the DLR Solar Furnace led to the final specification of the measurement wavelengths to be in the range from 280 nm to 293 nm.

scholarly journals Parametric analysis of dry machining process using a novel integrated multi-attribute decision making approach

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
G. Venkata Ajay Kumar ◽  
A. Ramaa ◽  
M. Shilpa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Criteria Importance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

In most of the machining processes, the complexity arises in the selection of the right process parameters, which influence the machining process and output responses such as machinability and surface roughness. In such situations, it is important to estimate the inter-relationships among the output responses. One such method, Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) is applied to study the inter-relationships of the output responses. Estimation of proper weights is also crucial where the output responses are conflicting in nature. In the current study, DEMATEL technique is used for estimating the inter-relationships for output responses in machining of EN 24 alloy under dry conditions. CRiteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation (CRITIC) method is used to estimate the weights and finally the optimal selection of machining parameters is carried out using Techniques for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The model developed guides the decision maker in selection of precise weights, estimation of the inter relationships among the responses and selection of optimal process parameters.

scholarly journals Predicting landscape-scale CO<sub>2</sub> flux at a pasture and rice paddy with long-term hyperspectral canopy reflectance measurements

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 4577-4594 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Matthes ◽  
S. H. Knox ◽  
C. Sturtevant ◽  
O. Sonnentag ◽  
J. Verfaillie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Hyperspectral Reflectance ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
High Level ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

Abstract. Measurements of hyperspectral canopy reflectance provide a detailed snapshot of information regarding canopy biochemistry, structure and physiology. In this study, we collected 5 years of repeated canopy hyperspectral reflectance measurements for a total of over 100 site visits within the flux footprints of two eddy covariance towers at a pasture and rice paddy in northern California. The vegetation at both sites exhibited dynamic phenology, with significant interannual variability in the timing of seasonal patterns that propagated into interannual variability in measured hyperspectral reflectance. We used partial least-squares regression (PLSR) modeling to leverage the information contained within the entire canopy reflectance spectra (400–900 nm) in order to investigate questions regarding the connection between measured hyperspectral reflectance and landscape-scale fluxes of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and gross primary productivity (GPP) across multiple timescales, from instantaneous flux to monthly integrated flux. With the PLSR models developed from this large data set we achieved a high level of predictability for both NEE and GPP flux in these two ecosystems, where the R2 of prediction with an independent validation data set ranged from 0.24 to 0.69. The PLSR models achieved the highest skill at predicting the integrated GPP flux for the week prior to the hyperspectral canopy reflectance collection, whereas the NEE flux often achieved the same high predictive power at daily to monthly integrated flux timescales. The high level of predictability achieved by PLSR in this study demonstrated the potential for using repeated hyperspectral canopy reflectance measurements to help partition NEE into its component fluxes, GPP and ecosystem respiration, and for using quasi-continuous hyperspectral reflectance measurements to model regional carbon flux in future analyses.

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