scholarly journals Surface Radiation during the Total Solar Eclipse over Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, on 20 March 2015

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maturilli ◽  
C. Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Radiation Data ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
First Time

Abstract. On 20 March 2015, a total solar eclipse occurred over Ny-Ålesund (78.9° N, 11.9° E), Svalbard, in the high Arctic. It has been the first time that the surface radiation components during the totality of a solar eclipse have been measured by a Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) station. With the Ny-Ålesund long term radiation data set as background (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.150000), we here present the peculiarities of the radiation components and basic meteorology observed during the eclipse event. The supplementary data set contains the basic BSRN radiation and surface meteorological data in 1-minute resolution for March 2015, and is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.854326. The eclipse radiation data will be a useful auxiliary data set for further studies on micro-meteorological surface-atmosphere exchange processes in the Svalbard environment, and may serve as a test case for radiative transfer studies.

scholarly journals Surface radiation during the total solar eclipse over Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, on 20 March 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Maturilli ◽  
Christoph Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Radiation Data ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
First Time

Abstract. On 20 March 2015, a total solar eclipse occurred over Ny-Ålesund (78.9° N, 11.9° E), Svalbard, in the high Arctic. It was the first time that the surface radiation components during the totality of a solar eclipse were measured by a Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) station. With the Ny-Ålesund long-term radiation data set as background (available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.150000), we present here the peculiarities of the radiation components and basic meteorology observed during the eclipse event. The supplementary data set contains the basic BSRN radiation and surface meteorological data in 1 min resolution for March 2015, and is available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.854326. The eclipse radiation data will be a useful auxiliary data set for further studies on micrometeorological surface–atmosphere exchange processes in the Svalbard environment, and may serve as a test case for radiative transfer studies.

scholarly journals Effects of total solar eclipse of 29 March 2006 on surface radiation

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. 5775-5783 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kazadzis ◽  
A. Bais ◽  
M. Blumthaler ◽  
A. Webb ◽  
N. Kouremeti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Diffuse Radiation ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Black Body Radiation ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Limb Darkening

Abstract. Solar irradiance spectral measurements were performed during a total solar eclipse. The spectral effect of the limb darkening to the global, direct irradiance and actinic flux measurements was investigated. This effect leads to wavelength dependent changes in the measured solar spectra showing a much more pronounced decrease in the radiation at the lower wavelengths. Radiative transfer model results were used for the computation of a correction for the total ozone measurements due to the limb darkening. This correction was found too small to explain the large decrease in total ozone column derived from the standard Brewer measurements, which is an artifact in the measured irradiance due to the increasing contribution of diffuse radiation against the decreasing direct irradiance caused by the eclipse. Calculations of the Extraterrestrial spectrum and the effective sun's temperatures, as measured from ground based direct irradiance measurements, showed an artificial change in the calculations of both quantities due to the fact that radiation coming from the visible part of the sun during the eclipse phases differs from the black body radiation described by the Planck's law.

scholarly journals Mapping prominence plasma parameters from eclipse observations

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (S300) ◽  
pp. 420-421
Author(s):  
Sonja Jejčič ◽  
Petr Heinzel ◽  
Maciej Zapiór ◽  
Miloslav Druckmüller ◽  
Stanislav Gunár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
Quiescent Prominence ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Eclipse Observations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Visible Light Emission

AbstractUsing the eclipse observations, we construct the maps of quiescent prominence temperatures, electron densities, pressures and geometrical thicknesses. For this we use the RGB signal of prominence visible-light emission detected during the total solar eclipse on August 1, 2008 in Mongolia, and quasi-simultaneous Hα spectra taken at Ondřejov observatory. The method of disentangling the electron density and effective geometrical thickness was described by Jejčič & Heinzel (2009) and is used here for the first time to analyse the spatial variations of various prominence parameters.

scholarly journals Effects of total solar eclipse of 29 March 2006 on surface radiation

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 9235-9258 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kazadzis ◽  
A. Bais ◽  
M. Blumthaler ◽  
A. Webb ◽  
N. Kouremeti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Diffuse Radiation ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Visible Part ◽  
Planck’S Law ◽  
Limb Darkening

Abstract. Solar irradiance spectral measurements were performed during a total solar eclipse. The spectral effect of the limb darkening to the global, direct irradiance and actinic flux measurements was investigated. This effect leads to wavelength dependent changes in the measured solar spectra showing a much more pronounced decrease in the radiation at the lower wavelengths. Radiative transfer model results were used for the computation of a correction for the total ozone measurements due to the limb darkening. This correction was found too small to explain the large decrease in total ozone column derived from the standard Brewer measurements, which is an artifact in the measured irradiance due to the increasing contribution of diffuse radiation against the decreasing direct irradiance caused by the eclipse. Calculations of the Extraterrestrial spectrum and the effective sun's temperatures, as measured from ground based direct irradiance measurements, showed an artificial change in the calculations of both quantities due to the fact that radiation coming from the visible part of the sun during the eclipse phases differs from the back body radiation described by the Planck's law.

scholarly journals NYTEFOX – The NY-Ålesund TurbulencE Fiber Optic eXperiment investigating the Arctic boundary layer, Svalbard

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Louise Zeller ◽  
Jannis-Michael Huss ◽  
Lena Pfister ◽  
Karl E. Lapo ◽  
Daniela Littmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Arctic Boundary Layer ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sonic Anemometers

Abstract. The NY-Ålesund TurbulencE Fiber Optic eXperiment, NYTEFOX, was a field experiment at the Arctic site Ny-Ålesund (11.9° E, 78.9° N) and yielded a unique meteorological data set. These data describe the distribution of heat, airflows, and exchange in the Arctic boundary layer for a period of 14 days from 26 February to 10 March 2020. NYTEFOX is the first field experiment to investigate the heterogeneity of airflow and its transport in temperatures, wind, and kinetic energy in the Arctic environment using the Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing (FODS) technique for horizontal and vertical observations. FODS air temperature and wind speed were observed at a spatial resolution of 0.127 m and 9 s in time along a horizontal array of 700 m at 1 m height above ground level (agl) and along three 7 m vertical profiles. Ancillary data were collected from three sonic anemometers and an acoustic profiler (miniSodar, SOund Detection And Ranging) yielding turbulent flow statistics and vertical profiles in the lowest 300 m agl, respectively. The observations from this field campaign are publicly available on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4335461) and supplement the data set operationally collected by the Basic Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) meteorological data set at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard.

scholarly journals The NY-Ålesund TurbulencE Fiber Optic eXperiment (NYTEFOX): investigating the Arctic boundary layer, Svalbard

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3439-3452
Author(s):  
Marie-Louise Zeller ◽  
Jannis-Michael Huss ◽  
Lena Pfister ◽  
Karl E. Lapo ◽  
Daniela Littmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Arctic Boundary Layer ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sonic Anemometers

Abstract. The NY-Ålesund TurbulencE Fiber Optic eXperiment (NYTEFOX) was a field experiment at the Ny-Ålesund Arctic site (78.9∘ N, 11.9∘ E) and yielded a unique meteorological data set. These data describe the distribution of heat, airflows, and exchange in the Arctic boundary layer for a period of 14 d from 26 February to 10 March 2020. NYTEFOX is the first field experiment to investigate the heterogeneity of airflow and its transport of temperature, wind, and kinetic energy in the Arctic environment using the fiber-optic distributed sensing (FODS) technique for horizontal and vertical observations. FODS air temperature and wind speed were observed at a spatial resolution of 0.127 m and a temporal resolution of 9 s along a 700 m horizontal array at 1 m above ground level (a.g.l.) and along three 7 m vertical profiles. Ancillary data were collected from three sonic anemometers and an acoustic profiler (minisodar; sodar is an acronym for “sound detection and ranging”) yielding turbulent flow statistics and vertical profiles in the lowest 300 m a.g.l., respectively. The observations from this field campaign are publicly available on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756836, Huss et al., 2021) and supplement the meteorological data set operationally collected by the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard.

scholarly journals Attenuation of global ultraviolet and visible irradiance over Greece during the total solar eclipse of 29 March 2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (23) ◽  
pp. 5959-5969 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kazantzidis ◽  
A. F. Bais ◽  
C. Emde ◽  
S. Kazadzis ◽  
C. S. Zerefos
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Visible Part ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Limb Darkening ◽  
First Time ◽  
D Model ◽  
Greek Island

Abstract. The variability of ultraviolet and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) during the total solar eclipse of 29 March 2006 was examined in this study. The measurements from NILU-UV multichannel radiometers at 7 stations of the Greek UV Network were used, where the maximum eclipse percentage ranged from 73.1% to 94.8%. In addition, an extra instrument was established at a remote Greek island, Kastelorizo, which was within the Moon's umbral shadow. The reduction of irradiance at 305 and 312 nm relative to non-eclipse conditions at all sites was almost 1.5 times more than the corresponding decrease in the UVA and visible part of the spectrum and reached 98% for eclipse percentage equal to 94%. The availability of several instruments in close proximity to the path of the umbral shadow provided a challenging test for the models. The measured changes in UV and visible irradiance were compared with 1-D model calculations accounting for the limb darkening effect. The agreement between measurements and modeled values at all sites is within 3% for eclipse percentages of less than 30% and becomes worse as the eclipse progresses. The 1-D model reproduced the spectral effect of the eclipse in UVA and PAR wavelength regions within 3% for eclipse percentages up to 50%, but only the half of the observed change was captured as the eclipse progressed. At three sites, where the eclipse maximum was more than 94%, the measured irradiance at 305 nm for eclipse percentages of more than 85% decreased with slower rates than for longer wavelengths. As a result, the total ozone values, derived from the 305/320 nm ratios, apparently decreased significantly for high eclipse percentages. The effect is similar at all three sites, but the interpretation of this observation remains a challenge. Comparison results with 3-D model calculations shortly before, during and shortly after totality were performed for the first time and revealed an agreement with measurements within 20% in the UV-A region. However, the modeled estimates of irradiance at 312 nm are three times lower than measured values.

scholarly journals Integrated water vapor from IGS ground-based GPS observations: initial results from a global 5-min data set

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 2851-2859 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Heise ◽  
G. Dick ◽  
G. Gendt ◽  
T. Schmidt ◽  
J. Wickert
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ground Pressure ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Zenith Path Delay ◽  
Single Station ◽  
Local Measurements ◽  
First Time ◽  
Initial Results

Abstract. Ground based GPS zenith path delay (ZPD) measurements are well established as a powerful tool for integrated water vapor (IWV) observation. The International GNSS Service (IGS) provides ZPD data of currently more than 300 globally distributed GPS stations. To derive IWV from these data, meteorological information (ground pressure and mean temperature above the station) are needed. Only a limited number of IGS stations is equipped with meteorological ground sensors up to now. Thus, meteorological data for IWV conversion are usually derived from nearby ground meteorological observations (ground pressure) and meteorological analyses (mean temperature). In this paper we demonstrate for the first time the applicability of ground pressure data from ECMWF meteorological analysis fields in this context. Beside simplified data handling (no single station data and quality control) this approach allows for IWV derivation if nearby meteorological stations are not available. Using ECMWF ground pressure and mean temperature data the new IGS 5-min ZPD data set has been converted to IWV for the first time. We present initial results from selected stations with ground meteorological sensors including pressure and temperature comparisons between ECMWF and local measurements. The GPS IWV is generally validated by comparison with ECMWF IWV. The ECMWF derived station meteorological data are compared with local measurements at all accordingly equipped stations. Based on this comparison, the mean error (in terms of standard deviation) introduced by time interpolation of the 6-hourly ECMWF data is estimated below 0.2 mm IWV.

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