scholarly journals MARES Project: Hydrographic data of the San Jorge Gulf from R/V <i>Coriolis II</i> cruise in 2014

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Cruz Carbajal ◽  
Marcela Charo ◽  
Andrés Luján Rivas ◽  
Cèdric Chavanne
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Marine Geology ◽  
Hydrographic Data ◽  
Tidal Dissipation ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Tidal Front ◽  
Multidisciplinary Program ◽  
Vertical Displacements

Abstract. PROMESse (Multidisciplinary program for the study of the ecosystem and marine geology of San Jorge Gulf and the coast of the Province of Chubut) was an international cooperation research program among the Ministry of Science and Technology (MINCyT), the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), the Province of Chubut (Argentina) and the University of Quebec at Rimouski (UQAR/ISMER, Canada). Within the framework of this program two projects were carried out, MARES (Marine Ecosystem Health of the San Jorge Gulf: Present status and Resilience capacity) and MARGES (Marine Geology). The main goal of MARES was to conduct a comprehensive study of the dynamics of physical, chemical and biological parameters vitals for the San Jorge Gulf ecosystem. The observational component of this project consisted on a multidisciplinary oceanographic cruise on board of the research vessel Coriolis II in Feb. 2014 integrated by three legs designed to identify and characterize areas of high primary productivity, which will serve as indicators of the ecosystem health. This paper reports the hydrographic data collected during the second leg of the Coriolis II cruise. This leg was aimed to study the frontal dynamics associated to a region of high tidal dissipation rate south of the Gulf, and to study the vertical displacements of the pycnocline at a fixed site in the center of the Gulf mouth. To this end, high-resolution data was collected in the southern tidal front, including quasi-continuous CTD vertical profiles, underway surface temperature and salinity, Scanfish II CTD and shipboard ADCP data. The data sets are available in the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) from NOAA. DOI: doi:10.7289/V5MP51J2.

scholarly journals Topographic surface modelling using raster grid datasets by GMT: example of the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench, Pacific Ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Lemenkova
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Marine Geology ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Marine Gravity ◽  
Modelling Methodology ◽  
Effective Visualization

AbstractThe study area is focused on the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench, North Pacific Ocean. This region is geologically complex, notable for the lithosphere activity, tectonic plates subduction and active volcanism. The submarine geomorphology is complicated through terraces, slopes, seamounts and erosional processes. Understanding geomorphic features of such a region requires precise modelling and effective visualization of the high-resolution data sets. Therefore, current research presents a Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) based algorithm proposing a solution for effective data processing and precise mapping: iterative module-based scripting for the automated digitizing and modelling. Methodology consists of the following steps: topographic mapping of the raster grids, marine gravity and geoid; semi-automatic digitizing of the orthogonal cross-section profiles; modelling geomorphic trends of the gradient slopes; computing raster surfaces from the xyz data sets by modules nearneighbor and XYZ2grd. Several types of the cartographic projections were used: oblique Mercator, Mercator cylindrical, conic equal-area Albers, conic equidistant. The cross-section geomorphic profiles in a perpendicular direction across the two selected segments of the trench were automatically digitized. Developed algorithm of the semi-automated digitizing of the profiles enabled to visualize gradients of the slope steepness of the trench. The data were then modelled to show gradient variations in its two segments. The results of the comparative geomorphic analysis of northern and southern transects revealed variations in different parts of the trench. Presented research provided more quantitative insights into the structure and settings of the submarine landforms of the hadal trench that still remains a question for the marine geology. The research demonstrated the effectiveness of the GMT: a variety of modules, approaches and tools that can be used to produce high-quality mapping and graphics. The GMT listings are provided for repeatability.

Unravelling the opposing effects of network clustering on electricity system models with high shares of renewables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Frysztacki ◽  
Jonas Hörsch ◽  
Veit Hagenmeyer ◽  
Tom Brown
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Optimal Investment ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Network Clustering ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Transmission Expansion ◽  
Expansion Model

&lt;p&gt;Energy systems are typically modeled with a low spatial resolution that is based on administrative boundaries such as countries, which eases data collection and reduces computation times. However, a low spatial resolution can lead to sub-optimal investment decisions for renewable generation, transmission expansion or both. Ignoring power grid bottlenecks within regions tends to underestimate system costs, while combining locations with different renewable capacity factors tends to overestimate costs. We investigate these two competing effects in a capacity expansion model for Europe&amp;#8217;s future power system that reduces carbon emissions by 95% compared to 1990s levels, taking advantage of newly-available high-resolution data sets and computational advances. We vary the model resolution by changing the number of substations, interpolating between a 37-node model where every country and synchronous zone is modeled with one node respectively, and a 512-node model based on the location of electricity substations. If we focus on the effect of renewable resource resolution and ignore network restrictions, we find that a higher resolution allows the optimal solution to concentrate wind and solar capacity at sites with higher capacity factors and thus reduces system costs by up to 10.5% compared to a low resolution model. This results in a big swing from offshore to onshore wind investment. However, if we introduce grid bottlenecks by raising the network resolution, costs increase by up to 19% as generation has to be sourced more locally where demand is high, typically at sites with worse capacity factors. These effects are most pronounced in scenarios where transmission expansion is limited, for example, by low social acceptance.&lt;/p&gt;

Community Replacement Pathways: What Do Fossil Sequences Reveal About Marine Ecosystem Transitions?

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 262-272
Author(s):  
William Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Mass Extinctions ◽  
Ultimate Cause ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time And Energy

Paleontologists have lavished much time and energy on description and explanation of large-scale patterns in the fossil record (e.g., mass extinctions, histories of monophyletic taxa, deployment of major biogeographic units), while paying comparatively little attention to biologic patterns preserved only in local stratigraphic sequences. Interpretation of the large-scale patterns will always be seen as the chief justification for the science of paleontology, but solving problems framed by long time spans and large areas is rife with tenuous inference and patterns are prone to varied interpretation by different investigators using virtually the same data sets (as in the controversy over ultimate cause of the terminal Cretaceous extinctions). In other words, the large-scale patterns in the history of life are the true philosophical property of paleontology, but there will always be serious problems in attempting to resolve processes that transpired over millions to hundreds-of-millions of years and encompassed vast areas of seafloor or landscape. By contrast, less spectacular and more commonplace changes in local habitats (often related to larger-scale events and cycles) and attendant biologic responses are closer to our direct experience of the living world and should be easier to interpret unequivocally. These small-scale responses are reflected in the fossil record at the scale of local outcrops.

The use of optimization techniques to model marine ecosystem dynamics at the JGOFS station at 47° N 20° W

1995 ◽  
Vol 348 (1324) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Best Fit

A seven-compartment model of the mixed layer ecosystem was used to fit a time series of observations derived from data obtained during the 1989 JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment. A nonlinear optimization technique was used to obtain the best fit to the combined observation set. It was discovered that a solution which gave a good fit to primary production gave a bad fit to zooplankton and vice versa. The solution which fitted primary production also showed good agreement with a number of other independent data sets, but overestimated bacterial production. Further development is necessary to create a model capable of reproducing all the important features of the nitrogen flows within the mixed layer.

scholarly journals Structural knowledge or X-ray damage? A case study on xylose isomerase illustrating both

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Taberman ◽  
Charles S. Bury ◽  
Mark J. van der Woerd ◽  
Edward H. Snell ◽  
Elspeth F. Garman
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Xylose Isomerase ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Cofactor ◽  
Acid Environment ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Catalytic Metal

Xylose isomerase (XI) is an industrially important metalloprotein studied for decades. Its reaction mechanism has been postulated to involve movement of the catalytic metal cofactor to several different conformations. Here, a dose-dependent approach was used to investigate the radiation damage effects on XI and their potential influence on the reaction mechanism interpreted from the X-ray derived structures. Radiation damage is still one of the major challenges for X-ray diffraction experiments and causes both global and site-specific damage. In this study, consecutive high-resolution data sets from a single XI crystal from the same wedge were collected at 100 K and the progression of radiation damage was tracked over increasing dose (0.13–3.88 MGy). The catalytic metal and its surrounding amino acid environment experience a build-up of free radicals, and the results show radiation-damage-induced structural perturbations ranging from an absolute metal positional shift to specific residue motions in the active site. The apparent metal movement is an artefact of global damage and the resulting unit-cell expansion, but residue motion appears to be driven by the dose. Understanding and identifying radiation-induced damage is an important factor in accurately interpreting the biological conclusions being drawn.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Axial Tomographic High Resolution Data from Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy: A Method for Improving 3D FISH Images

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Heintzmann ◽  
G. Kreth ◽  
C. Cremer
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
3D Data

Fluorescent confocal laser scanning microscopy allows an improved imaging of microscopic objects in three dimensions. However, the resolution along the axial direction is three times worse than the resolution in lateral directions. A method to overcome this axial limitation is tilting the object under the microscope, in a way that the direction of the optical axis points into different directions relative to the sample. A new technique for a simultaneous reconstruction from a number of such axial tomographic confocal data sets was developed and used for high resolution reconstruction of 3D‐data both from experimental and virtual microscopic data sets. The reconstructed images have a highly improved 3D resolution, which is comparable to the lateral resolution of a single deconvolved data set. Axial tomographic imaging in combination with simultaneous data reconstruction also opens the possibility for a more precise quantification of 3D data. The color images of this publication can be accessed from http://www.esacp.org/acp/2000/20‐1/heintzmann.htm. At this web address an interactive 3D viewer is additionally provided for browsing the 3D data. This java applet displays three orthogonal slices of the data set which are dynamically updated by user mouse clicks or keystrokes.

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