scholarly journals Übersicht über die Sporenassoziationen (lepidophyta- bis pusilla-Zone) aus dem Unterkarbon der Bohrung Neuenkirchen 2/1973 (Insel Rügen, NE-Deutschland)

Fossil Record ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
G. Burmann
Keyword(s):  
Harz Mountains ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Ne Germany ◽  
Upper Boundary

Es wird die Sporenzonierung für das Tournai (einschließlich der Grenzschichten) der Bohrung Neuenkirchen 2/73 auf der Insel Rügen (NE-Deutschland) vorgelegt &ndash; von der <i>lepidophyta</i>-Zone var. <i>minor</i>-Subzone des Tnla des obersten Devons bis zur <i>pusilla</i>-Zone des tieferen Visé. Das Profit wird verglichen mit der Zonenabfolge aus der Bohrung Wiek 4/70 (Burmann 1975). Zur <i>lepidophyta</i>-Zone liegen vergleichbare Daten aus dem Harz vor (Burmann 1976). <br><br> Die untersuchte Abfolge von Sporenzonen umfasst die <i>lepidophyta</i>-Zone mit der var. <i>minor</i>-Subzone (höheres Tnla); PA (<i>pusillites-asperitis</i>; Tn1b); NRH (<i>nitidus-rarituberculatus-hederatus</i>; Tn1b-Tn2); ND (<i>nitidus-distinctus</i>; Tn2); RM (<i>rarituber-culatus-minutissimus</i>; tieferes Tn3); CM (<i>claviger-macra</i>; höheres Tn3); Pu (<i>pusilla</i>; V1a+V1b; Obergrenze der Pu-Zone nicht erfasst). Die stratigraphische Einbindung der Sporenzonen erfolgte durch makrofaunistische Datierungen. Die Pu-Zone ist in beiden Bohrungen untergliederbar durch einen Horizont mit <i>Gloeocapsamorpha</i>. <br><br> Lower Carboniferous spore assemblages (<i>lepidophyta</i> zone to <i>pusilla</i> zone) in the Neuenkirchen 2/1973 borehole of Rügen Island, NE Germany <br><br> A spore zonation is given for the Tournaisian sequence of the Neuenkirchen 2/73 borehole on the island of Rügen (NE Germany). The deposits range from the <i>lepidophyta</i> zone var. <i>minor</i> subzone of the uppermost Famennian (Tnla) to the <i>pusilla</i> zone of the basal Viséan. The results are compared with the miospore zonation of the borehole Wiek 4 (Burmann 1975), and comparable dates for the <i>lepidophyta</i> zone from the Harz mountains (Burmann 1976). <br><br> In ascending order the miospore zones examined are: <i>lepidophyta</i> zone with var. <i>minor</i> subzone (upper part of Tnla); PA (<i>pusillites-asperitis</i>; Tnlb); NRH (<i>nitidus-rarituberculatus-hederatus</i>; Tnlb-Tn2): ND (<i>nitidus-distinctus</i>; Tn2); RM (<i>rarituber-culatus-minutissimus</i>; lower part of Tn3): CM (<i>claviger-macra</i>; upper part of Tn3); Pu (<i>pusilla</i>; V1a+V1b; the upper boundary of the Pu zone is not determined). The stratigraphy of the spore zones is also compared with the macrofaunal data. The Pu zone in both boreholes is divided into two parts by a horizon with <i>Gloeocapsamorpha</i>. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20010040104" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.20010040104</a>

Two new odonate-like insect wings from the latest Norian of northern Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Barth ◽  
André Nel ◽  
Matthias Franz
Keyword(s):  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Harz Mountains ◽  
Insect Wings ◽  
Ne Germany ◽  
First Occurrence

ABSTRACT Two new well preserved odonate (damsel-dragonflies) insect wings from the latest Norian (Upper Triassic) of two different localities are described. Although the rather long distance of more than 250 km separates the localities, the holotypes occur in comparable lithologies and are thus described together. We describe an odonate forewing, Italophlebia baueri sp. n., from an abandoned quarry at Langenberg near Seinstedt north of the Harz Mountains (Lower Saxony), which is the first occurrence of this genus outside Italy. The second wing, Triassothemis gartzii sp. n., was found in the cored well Gartz 1 (NE Germany). In both occurrences the insect wings were associated with abundant autochthonous as well as allochthonous faunal and floral remnants of shallow subaquatic environments.

Absolute Pitch and Its Frequency Range

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rakowski ◽  
Piotr Rogowski
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Music Students ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Musical Scale ◽  
Loudness Level ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Upper Boundary

AbstractThis paper has two distinct parts. Section 1 includes general discussion of the phenomenon of "absolute pitch" (AP), and presentation of various concepts concerning definitions of "full", "partial" and "pseudo" AP. Sections 2-4 include presentation of the experiment concerning frequency range in which absolute pitch appears, and discussion of the experimental results. The experiment was performed with participation of 9 AP experts selected from the population of 250 music students as best scoring in the pitch-naming piano-tone screening tests. Each subject had to recognize chromas of 108 pure tones representing the chromatic musical scale of nine octaves from E0 to D#9. The series of 108 tones was presented to each subject 60 times in random order, diotically, with loudness level about 65 phon. Percentage of correct recognitions (PC) for each tone was computed. The frequency range for the existence of absolute pitch in pure tones, perceived by sensitive AP possessors stretches usually over 5 octaves from about 130.6 Hz (C3) to about 3.951 Hz (B7). However, it was noted that in a single case, the upper boundary of AP was 9.397 Hz (D9). The split-halves method was applied to estimate the reliability of the obtained results.

Lithostratigraphy of the Kweekvlei Formation (Witteberg Group), Cape Supergroup

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Browning ◽  
M. Reid
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Trace Fossil ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Fossil Assemblage ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Storm Wave

AbstractThe Lower Carboniferous, probably Tournaisian, Kweekvlei Formation is part of the Witteberg Group (Cape Supergroup) of South Africa. Together with the overlying Floriskraal Formation, it forms an upward-coarsening succession within the Lake Mentz Subgroup. Sedimentary features of the Kweekvlei Formation suggest deposition in a storm-wave dominated marine setting, within the storm-influenced, distal part of an offshore transition zone environment. This predominantly argillaceous formation preserves a low diversity trace fossil assemblage. Reworked vascular plant debris (including the problematic genus Praeramunculus sp.) and a shark spine have been reported for the Kweekvlei Formation. There are no known stratigraphic equivalents in South Africa.

Features seed the resumption of alpine maple

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Х.М. Хетагуров
Keyword(s):  
Setting Time ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Average Score ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Vegetative Origin ◽  
Upper Boundary

Кленовники Северного Кавказа – особый тип лесных формаций. Особенность проявляется не только в структуре фитоценозов, но и в способах самовозобновления. Объект исследования – чистые и смешанные кленовники в нескольких урочищах РСО-Алания. Объекты расположены в различных условиях горного рельефа и на разной высоте над уровнем моря, от 1100 до 1900 м. Целью исследования является установление особенностей семенного возобновления кленовников, произрастающих в верхнем поясе распространения лесов на Северном Кавказе. Для достижения поставленной цели устанавливали время цветения и созревания семян по вертикальным поясам распространения кленовников. Обилие цветения и средний балл плодоношения устанавливали по В.Г. Капперу. Биометрические характеристики семян определяли по урочищам в трех повторностях. Учет подроста проводили на круговых учетных площадках по 10 м2, в соответствии с методикой А.В. Грязькина. Установлено, что цветение клена Траутфеттера начинается 10–14 мая и заканчивается в третьей декаде мая. Семена начинают созревать к концу августа – к началу сентября. Сроки опадения семян растянуты. Часть семян попадает на почву до начала листопада, поэтому они оказываются погребенными под опадом. Такие семена быстро теряют всхожесть, выпревают. Другая часть опадает вместе с листьями. Третья категория семян (самые легкие) держатся на деревьях до декабря и даже до весны. Естественное возобновление клена семенами под пологом материнского древостоя сильно затруднено из-за мощного травяного покрова. В древостое с сомкнутым пологом доля цветущих и плодоносящих деревьев составляет 2–3%, а средний балл плодоношения составляет 1,3. Освещенность на поверхности почвы не превышает 100 люкс, т. е. составляет 0,2–0,3% от освещенности на открытом месте; на высоте 1,3 м (над травостоем) освещенность несколько выше – от 1,2 до 1,6 тыс. люкс. Под пологом древостоя преобладает подрост вегетативного происхождения. У верхней границы кленового леса подрост семенного происхождения встречается в окнах, прогалинах и на открытых местах в количестве 430–630 экз./га. По высоте преобладает крупный подрост 50–60%, доля мелкого – 10–20%. The maple stands of the North Caucasus – a special type of forest formations. The peculiarity is manifested not only in the structure of phytocoenoses, but also in the ways of self-renewing. Object of research – pure and mixed maple stands in some areas of North Ossetia-Alania. The properties are located in various mountainous terrain and at different heights above sea level from 1100 to 1900 m. The aim of the study is to establish the characteristics of the seed the resumption of the maple stands growing in the upper belt of forests spread in the Northern Caucasus. To achieve this goal setting time of flowering and ripening of seeds on vertical zones distribution dominated. The abundance of flowering and the average score of fruiting was established by V.G. Capper. Biometric characteristics of the seeds was determined by the tracts in three replicates. Accounting for the undergrowth was carried out on a circular experimental plots at 10 m2, in accordance with the method of A.V. Grashkin. It is established that the flowering maple Trautvetter begins may 10–14 and ends in the third week of may. Seeds begin to ripen by late August – early September. The timing of subsidence of the stretched seed. Some of the seeds falls to the ground before the leaves, so they are trapped under the litter. These seeds quickly lose their germination, vypivaet. The other part falls along with the leaves. The third category of seeds (the light) stay on the trees until December and even till spring. Natural regeneration of maple seeds under the canopy of parent stand is very difficult due to the strong grass cover. In forest stands with dense canopy, proportion of flowering and fruit-bearing trees is 2–3%, and the average score of fruiting is 1.3. The illumination on the surface of the soil does not exceed 100 Lux, i. e. 0.2–0.3% of the light in the open, at a height of 1.3 m (on grass) the lighting is slightly higher, from 1.2 to 1.6 thousand Suite. Under the canopy of the forest the undergrowth is dominated by vegetative origin. At the upper boundary of the maple forest, saplings of seed origin occurs in Windows, clearings and open places in the number 430–630 ind./ha. In height dominated by large undergrowth of 50–60%, the share of small – 10–20%.

scholarly journals Configuration and structure of the Philippine Sea Plate off Boso, Japan: constraints on the shallow subduction kinematics, seismicity, and slow slip events

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aki Ito ◽  
Takashi Tonegawa ◽  
Naoki Uchida ◽  
Yojiro Yamamoto ◽  
Daisuke Suetsugu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Function ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Philippine Sea Plate ◽  
Slow Slip ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Slow Slip Events ◽  
Philippine Sea ◽  
Receiver Function Analysis ◽  
Eastern Edge ◽  
Upper Boundary

Abstract We applied tomographic inversion and receiver function analysis to seismic data from ocean-bottom seismometers and land-based stations to understand the structure and its relationship with slow slip events off Boso, Japan. First, we delineated the upper boundary of the Philippine Sea Plate based on both the velocity structure and the locations of the low-angle thrust-faulting earthquakes. The upper boundary of the Philippine Sea Plate is distorted upward by a few kilometers between 140.5 and 141.0°E. We also determined the eastern edge of the Philippine Sea Plate based on the delineated upper boundary and the results of the receiver function analysis. The eastern edge has a northwest–southeast trend between the triple junction and 141.6°E, which changes to a north–south trend north of 34.7°N. The change in the subduction direction at 1–3 Ma might have resulted in the inflection of the eastern edge of the subducted Philippine Sea Plate. Second, we compared the subduction zone structure and hypocenter locations and the area of the Boso slow slip events. Most of the low-angle thrust-faulting earthquakes identified in this study occurred outside the areas of recurrent Boso slow slip events, which indicates that the slow slip area and regular low-angle thrust earthquakes are spatially separated in the offshore area. In addition, the slow slip areas are located only at the contact zone between the crustal parts of the North American Plate and the subducting Philippine Sea Plate. The localization of the slow slip events in the crust–crust contact zone off Boso is examined for the first time in this study. Finally, we detected a relatively low-velocity region in the mantle of the Philippine Sea Plate. The low-velocity mantle can be interpreted as serpentinized peridotite, which is also found in the Philippine Sea Plate prior to subduction. The serpentinized peridotite zone remains after the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate and is likely distributed over a wide area along the subducted slab.

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