scholarly journals Atmospheric muons: experimental aspects

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cecchini ◽  
M. Spurio
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Muon Flux ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Muon Momentum ◽  
Atmospheric Muon ◽  
Distribution Energy

Abstract. We present a review of atmospheric muon flux and energy spectrum measurements over almost six decades of muon momentum. Sea level and underground/water/ice experiments are considered. Possible sources of systematic errors in the measurements are examined. The characteristics of underground/water muons (muons in bundle, lateral distribution, energy spectrum) are discussed. The connection between the atmospheric muon and neutrino measurements are also reported.

scholarly journals Atmospheric muons: experimental aspects

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 603-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cecchini ◽  
M. Spurio
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Muon Flux ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Muon Momentum ◽  
Atmospheric Muon ◽  
Distribution Energy

Abstract. We present a review of atmospheric muon flux and energy spectrum measurements over almost six decades of muon momentum. Sea-level and underground/water/ice experiments are considered. Possible sources of systematic errors in the measurements are examinated. The characteristics of underground/water muons (muons in bundle, lateral distribution, energy spectrum) are discussed. The connection between the atmospheric muon and neutrino measurements are also reported.

scholarly journals Atmospheric muon flux at sea level, underground, and underwater

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Bugaev ◽  
A. Misaki ◽  
V. A. Naumov ◽  
T. S. Sinegovskaya ◽  
S. I. Sinegovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Muon Flux ◽  
Atmospheric Muon

The high–energy muon flux at sea level up to 10 TeV derived from an observation of the burst-size spectrum

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S297-S300 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chin ◽  
Y. Hanayama ◽  
T. Hara ◽  
S. Higashi ◽  
T. Kitamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Muon Flux ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
High Energy Muon ◽  
Relativistic Particles

Bursts produced by high-energy muons in rock have been observed at a depth of 40 m.w.e. underground by the use of two layers of scintillator 20 m2 in area and 2 m apart. The size distribution of bursts with several hundreds to 30 000 relativistic particles was obtained during an observing time of 11 424.13 hours. Following the method of Christy and Kusaka (1941), the energy spectrum of muons up to 10 TeV was derived from the burst-size distribution.

SPECTRUM OF COSMIC RAYS WITH ENERGY ABOVE 1017 EV

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) ◽  
pp. 6878-6880 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. EGOROVA ◽  
A. V. GLUSHKOV ◽  
A. A. IVANOV ◽  
S. P. KNURENKO ◽  
V. A. KOLOSOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Arrival Time Distribution ◽  
Array Data ◽  
Lateral Distribution Function ◽  
High Energies

The energy spectrum of primary cosmic rays with ultra-high energies based on the Yakutsk EAS Array data is presented. For the largest events values of S600 and axis coordinates have been obtained using revised lateral distribution function. The effect of the arrival time distribution at several axis distance on estimated density for Yakutsk and AGASA is considered.

scholarly journals Reanalysing glacier mass balance measurement series

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1227-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zemp ◽  
E. Thibert ◽  
M. Huss ◽  
D. Stumm ◽  
C. Rolstad Denby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Error Estimation ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates ◽  
Measurement Series

Abstract. Glacier-wide mass balance has been measured for more than sixty years and is widely used as an indicator of climate change and to assess the glacier contribution to runoff and sea level rise. Until recently, comprehensive uncertainty assessments have rarely been carried out and mass balance data have often been applied using rough error estimation or without consideration of errors. In this study, we propose a framework for reanalysing glacier mass balance series that includes conceptual and statistical toolsets for assessment of random and systematic errors, as well as for validation and calibration (if necessary) of the glaciological with the geodetic balance results. We demonstrate the usefulness and limitations of the proposed scheme, drawing on an analysis that comprises over 50 recording periods for a dozen glaciers, and we make recommendations to investigators and users of glacier mass balance data. Reanalysing glacier mass balance series needs to become a standard procedure for every monitoring programme to improve data quality, including reliable uncertainty estimates.

scholarly journals A mobile detector for measurements of the atmospheric muon flux in underground sites

2011 ◽  
Vol 654 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Mitrica ◽  
Romul Margineanu ◽  
Sabin Stoica ◽  
Mirel Petcu ◽  
Iliana Brancus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muon Flux ◽  
Atmospheric Muon

Energy spectrum of hadrons in cosmic rays at sea level

Nature ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 256 (5516) ◽  
pp. 387-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. ASHTON ◽  
A. J. SALEH
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Sea Level

Energy spectrum of cosmic-ray muons at sea level

1964 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1524-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Miyake ◽  
V. S. Narasimham ◽  
P. V. Ramana Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Cosmic Ray

scholarly journals Improving the prediction of the Atmospheric neutrino flux using the atmospheric muon flux

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Morihiro Honda
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Energy Region ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Atmospheric Neutrino ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Muon Flux ◽  
Atmospheric Neutrinos ◽  
Hadronic Interaction ◽  
Atmospheric Muon

It is well known that the correlation of atmospheric neutrinos and muons are simply correlated in the energy region of 1–10 GeV, and used for the test bench of the hadronic interaction model used for the calculation of the atmospheric neutrino flux. However, the correlation becomes unclear for neutrinos in the energy range below 1 GeV, which is important for the study of mass ordering of neutrino and CP phase of the neutrino mass. We extend the study of the correlation to the lower neutrino energies and find that the atmospheric muon flux observed at high altitude shows a good correlation to the atmospheric neutrino flux, and could be used to calibrate the hadronic interaction model.

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