scholarly journals Performance of snow density measurement systems in snow stratigraphies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiansheng Hao ◽  
Farong Huang ◽  
Ditao Cheng ◽  
Shuyong Mu ◽  
Lanhai Li
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Gravimetric Measurement ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Permittivity Measurement ◽  
Wet Snow ◽  
Precision And Accuracy

Abstract. Gravimetric and dielectric permittivity measuring systems are applied to measure snow density, but few studies have addressed differences between the two measurement systems under complex snowpack conditions. A field experiment was conducted to measure snow density using the two measurement systems in different stratigraphical layers consisting of fragmented precipitation particles (DF), faceted crystals particles (FC), depth hoar (DH) and melt forms (MF), and the performance of measurement systems were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the measured density from the gravimetric measurement system was significantly higher than from the dielectric permittivity measurement system. The precision and accuracy of the gravimetric measurement system was higher than that of the dielectric permittivity measurement system in the DF, FC and DH layers, but the precision and accuracy of two measurement systems were similar in the MF layers. By comparing the precision and accuracy as well as merits and drawbacks of the two measurement systems, it was concluded that using gravimetric measurement system during dry snow and dielectric permittivity measurement system during wet snow will help surveyors obtain more reliable data. Furthermore, the study provided an approach which will facilitate the integration of the data obtained from different studies with different measurement systems into global databases.

scholarly journals Performance of snow density measurement systems in snow stratigraphies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Jiansheng ◽  
Richard Mind'je ◽  
Feng Ting ◽  
Li Lanhai
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Precision And Accuracy

Abstract Gravimetric and dielectric permittivity measurement systems (DMS) are applied to measure snow density, but few studies have addressed differences between the two measurement systems under complex snowpack conditions. A field experiment was conducted to measure the snow density using the two measurement systems in stratigraphical layers of different densities, liquid water content (LWC), hardness, and shear strength, and the performance of the two measurement systems was analyzed and compared. The results showed that the snow density from the DMS tended to underestimate by 9% in the dry snowpack and overestimate by 3% in the wet snowpack, expressed as the percentage of the mean density from the gravimetric measurement system (GMS). Compared with the GMS, the DMS has relatively low precision and accuracy in the dry snowpack and similar precision and accuracy in the wet snowpack. The accuracy and precision of the two measurement systems increased with the increase of hardness and shear strength of snow in the dry snowpack, but the accuracy and precision measured of the DMSs increased with the decrease of hardness and shear strength of snow in wet snowpack. The results will help field operators to choose a more reasonable measurement system based on snowpack characteristics to get reliable density data and optimize field measurements.

scholarly journals The problems in in the qualification of measuring systems abilities in the investigation performance, the analysis on the example of precision workpieces in the automotive industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Magdalena Garbaciak ◽  
Emilia Bachtiak-Radka ◽  
Sara Dudzińska ◽  
Daniel Grochała
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Measurement Plan ◽  
Standard Edition

The manuscript introduce the problems in the qualification of measuring systems abilities in the investigation in the surface roughness of precision workpieces in the automotive industry. The research were carried out in accordance with the measurement plan. Next, based on the collected results for selected SPG parameters, the analysis and assessment of the capacity indicators were carried out in accordance with the procedure 2 of statistical qualification of measurement systems (in accordance with the MSA 2010 standard edition 4, ARM, tolerance). Two products were analyzed of the cylinder fragment and labyrinth valves of automatic gearboxes. The analysis gave a series of information on errors from the point of view of reproducibility and recurrence on the ability of the measurement system - the analyzes were carried out for the needs of the automotive industry.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF SYMMETRIC CRYPTOGRAPHY IN EMBEDDED MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS

2015 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Wiesław Winiecki ◽  
Piotr Bilski
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Distributed Environments ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Symmetric Cryptography ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Aes Algorithm ◽  
Distributed Measurement

The paper presents the implementation of the symmetric cryptography in the distributed measurement system. Motivation for increasing the security in such systems is presented. Next, fundamentals of cryptography from the measuring systems’ point of view are introduced. The role and structure of embedded systems in modern distributed environments is explained. As the example of presented problems, implementation of the AES algorithm on the Compact RIO module is presented and tested for both efficiency and accuracy. The paper is supplemented with conclusions and future prospects of the approach.

scholarly journals Development of Thermal Performance Metrics for Direct Gas-Fired Circulating Heaters

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Smith ◽  
Brett C. Ramirez ◽  
Steven J. Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Selection Of

Many climate-controlled agricultural buildings use direct gas-fired circulating heaters (DGFCH) for supplement heat. There is no standardized test to calculate thermal efficiency for these heaters. This study aimed to develop a measurement system and analytical analysis for thermal efficiency, quantify the measurement uncertainty, and assess economics of DGFCH efficiency. The measurement system developed was similar to the ASHRAE 103 standard test stand with adaptations to connect the apparatus to the DGFCH. Two different propane measurement systems were used: input ratings < 30 kW used a mass flow system and input ratings > 30 kW used a volumetric gas meter. Three DGFCHs (21.9, 29.3, 73.3 kW) were tested to evaluate the system. Thermal efficiencies ranged from 92.4% to 100.9%. The resulting uncertainty (coverage factor of 2; ~95% Confidence Interval) ranged from 13.1% to 30.7% for input ratings of 56.3 to 11.4 kW. Key sources of uncertainty were propane and mass flow of air measurement. The economic impact of 1% difference in thermal efficiency ranged from USD $61.3 to $72.0 per heating season. Refinement of the testing system and procedures are needed to reduce the uncertainty. The application of this system will aid building designers in selection of DGFCHs for various applications.

Wide-Temperature-Range Dielectric Permittivity Measurement under High Pressure

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 040701
Author(s):  
Zhen Yuan ◽  
Jin-Long Zhu ◽  
Shao-Min Feng ◽  
Chang-Chun Wang ◽  
Li-Juan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Wide Temperature Range ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Permittivity Measurement

Dielectric Permittivity Measurement of Kraft Paper by the Resonant Ring Method

2019 ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Luis A. Morocho ◽  
Leonidas B. Peralta ◽  
Luis F. Guerrero-Vásquez ◽  
Jorge O. Ordoñez-Ordoñez ◽  
Juan P. Bermeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Permittivity Measurement ◽  
Kraft Paper ◽  
Ring Method

scholarly journals Simulation Analysis of Magnetic Gradient Full-Tensor Measurement System

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Lei Xu ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Liqing Fang ◽  
Huadong Chen ◽  
Pengfei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Gradient ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Magnetometer Array ◽  
Array Structure ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Planar Measurement

The magnetic gradient full-tensor measurement system is diverse, and the magnetometer array structure is complex. Aimed at the problem, seven magnetic gradient full-tensor measurement system models are studied in detail. The full-tensor measurement theories of the tensor measurement arrays are analyzed. Under the same baseline distance, the magnetic dipole model is used to simulate the measurement system. Based on different measurement systems, the paper quantitatively compares and analyzes the error of the structure. A more optimized magnetic gradient full-tensor measurement system is suggested. The simulation results show that the measurement accuracy of the planar measurement system is slightly higher than that of the stereo measurement system. Among them, the cross-shaped and square measurement systems have relatively smaller structural errors and higher measurement accuracy.

scholarly journals Conceptual Design of Electron Density Measurement System for DEMO-Relevant Helical Plasmas

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2402013-2402013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi AKIYAMA ◽  
Ryo YASUHARA ◽  
Tokihiko TOKUZAWA ◽  
Mitsutaka ISOBE ◽  
Kazuo KAWAHATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Density Measurement

scholarly journals Photogrammetric measurement system generating algorithm by primary input data

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Алексей Николаевич Самойлов ◽  
Юрий Михайлович Бородянский ◽  
Александр Валерьевич Волошин
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Photogrammetric Measurement

В процессе автоматизации решения прикладных измерительных задач, в том числе на базе фотограмметрических методов, возникает проблема соответствия измерительной системы объекту и условиям измерения. Для того чтобы измерительная система позволяла заранее оценить возможность получения достоверных результатов, а также наилучшим образом подстраивалась под условия измерения, необходимо наличие специализированных алгоритмов и моделей. В общем случае такие модели ориентированы на квалифицированных технических специалистов, обладающих необходимыми знаниями в области информационных технологий. Особенностью применения фотограмметрических измерительных систем в лесной и металлургической промышленности является низкая квалификация пользователей в сфере информационных технологий, что обуславливается характером выполняемых работ и условиями привлечения. Данный фактор не позволяет решить задачу подстройки системы традиционными методами, в которых процессом настройки управляет пользователь. В этой связи в статье предлагается модель и алгоритм формирования измерительной системы по первичным входным данным, в котором процессом настройки управляет сама система. In the process of automating the solution of applied measurement tasks, including on the basis of photogrammetric methods, there is a problem of compliance of the measurement system with the object and measurement conditions. In order for the measuring system to assess in advance the possibility of obtaining reliable results, as well as to best adapt to the conditions of measurement, it is necessary to have specialized algorithms and models. In general, such models are aimed at qualified technicians with the necessary knowledge in the field of information technology. A feature of the application of photogrammetric measurement systems in the forestry and metallurgical industry is the low qualification of users in the field of information technology, which is determined by the nature of the work performed and the conditions of attraction. This factor does not solve the problem of adjusting the system by traditional methods in which the user controls the configuration process. In this regard, the article proposes a model and algorithm for forming a measuring system from primary input data, in which the system itself controls the adjustment process.

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