scholarly journals Comparison of performance of tile drainage routines in SWAT 2009 and 2012 in an extensively tile-drained watershed in the Midwest

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Guo ◽  
Margaret Gitau ◽  
Venkatesh Merwade ◽  
Jeffrey Arnold ◽  
Raghavan Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Tile Flow

Abstract. Subsurface tile drainage systems are widely used in agricultural watersheds in the Midwestern U.S. Tile drainage systems enable the Midwest area to become highly productive agricultural lands, but can also create environmental problems, for example nitrate-N contamination associated with drainage waters. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been used to model watersheds with tile drainage. SWAT2012 revisions 615 and 645 provide new tile drainage routines. However, few studies have used these revisions to study tile drainage impacts at both field and watershed scales. Moreover, SWAT2012 revision 645 improved the soil moisture based curve number calculation method, which has not been fully tested. This study used long-term (1991–2003) field site and river station data from the Little Vermilion River (LVR) watershed to evaluate performance of tile drainage routines in SWAT2009 revision 528 (the old routine) and SWAT2012 revisions 615 and 645 (the new routine). Both routines provided reasonable but unsatisfactory uncalibrated flow and nitrate loss results. Calibrated monthly tile flow, surface flow, nitrate-N in tile and surface flow, sediment and annual corn and soybean yield results from SWAT with the old and new tile drainage routines were compared with observed values. Generally, the new routine provided acceptable simulated tile flow (NSE = 0.50–0.68) and nitrate in tile flow (NSE = 0.50–0.77) for both field sites with random pattern tile and constant tile spacing, while the old routine simulated tile flow and nitrate in tile flow results for the field site with constant tile spacing were unacceptable (NSE = −0.77– −0.20 and −0.99–0.21 respectively). The new modified curve number calculation method in revision 645 (NSE = 0.56–0.82) better simulated surface runoff than revision 615 (NSE = −5.95 ~ 0.5). Calibration provided reasonable parameter sets for the old and new routines in LVR watershed, and the validation results showed that the new routine has the potential to accurately simulate hydrologic processes in mildly-sloped watersheds.

scholarly journals Comparison of performance of tile drainage routines in SWAT 2009 and 2012 in an extensively tile-drained watershed in the Midwest

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Guo ◽  
Margaret Gitau ◽  
Venkatesh Merwade ◽  
Jeffrey Arnold ◽  
Raghavan Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Simulated Surface ◽  
Tile Flow

Abstract. Subsurface tile drainage systems are widely used in agricultural watersheds in the Midwestern US and enable the Midwest area to become highly productive agricultural lands, but can also create environmental problems, for example nitrate-N contamination associated with drainage waters. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been used to model watersheds with tile drainage. SWAT2012 revisions 615 and 645 provide new tile drainage routines. However, few studies have used these revisions to study tile drainage impacts at both field and watershed scales. Moreover, SWAT2012 revision 645 improved the soil moisture based curve number calculation method, which has not been fully tested. This study used long-term (1991–2003) field site and river station data from the Little Vermilion River (LVR) watershed to evaluate performance of tile drainage routines in SWAT2009 revision 528 (the old routine) and SWAT2012 revisions 615 and 645 (the new routine). Both the old and new routines provided reasonable but unsatisfactory (NSE  <  0.5) uncalibrated flow and nitrate loss results for a mildly sloped watershed with low runoff. The calibrated monthly tile flow, surface flow, nitrate-N in tile and surface flow, sediment and annual corn and soybean yield results from SWAT with the old and new tile drainage routines were compared with observed values. Generally, the new routine provided acceptable simulated tile flow (NSE  =  0.48–0.65) and nitrate in tile flow (NSE  =  0.48–0.68) for field sites with random pattern tile and constant tile spacing, while the old routine simulated tile flow and nitrate in tile flow results for the field site with constant tile spacing were unacceptable (NSE  =  0.00–0.32 and −0.29–0.06, respectively). The new modified curve number calculation method in revision 645 (NSE  =  0.50–0.81) better simulated surface runoff than revision 615 (NSE  =  −0.11–0.49). The calibration provided reasonable parameter sets for the old and new routines in the LVR watershed, and the validation results showed that the new routine has the potential to accurately simulate hydrologic processes in mildly sloped watersheds.

Assessment of urban flooding by dual drainage simulation model RisUrSim

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.G. Schmitt ◽  
M. Thomas ◽  
N. Ettrich
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Model Verification ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems

The European research project in the EUREKA framework, RisUrSim is presented with its overall objective to develop an integrated planning tool to allow cost effective management for urban drainage systems. The project consortium consisted of industrial mathematics and water engineering research institutes, municipal drainage works as well as an insurance company. The paper relates to the regulatory background of European Standard EN 752 and the need of a more detailed methodology to simulate urban flooding. The analysis of urban flooding caused by surcharged sewers in urban drainage systems leads to the necessity of a dual drainage modeling. A detailed dual drainage simulation model is described based upon hydraulic flow routing procedures for surface flow and pipe flow. Special consideration is given to the interaction between surface and sewer flow during surcharge conditions in order to most accurately compute water levels above ground as a basis for further assessments of possible damage costs. The model application is presented for a small case study in terms of data needs, model verification and first simulation results.

Evaluating the Efficiency of Crushed Gravel Filters around Field Drains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Al-Haddad ◽  
◽  
Dhuha Mahdi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
Drain Pipe ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Total Head ◽  
Irrigation Condition

Engineers have employed various ways to protect drain openings from the entry of sediment with varying degrees of success. This study aims to compare and evaluate the hydraulic performance and efficiency of using natural graded gravel filter and crushed gravel filter in drainage systems. An aquifer tank (sand tank) 70 cm long, 50 cm wide and 80 cm high, a perforated drain pipe of 50 mm diameter was used in the laboratory work. The laboratory study was performed with two types of soil: loam and loamy sand. These two soils were used with the two types of gravel filters after taking the particle size distribution test for the two soils. For each case, the inflow was applied to the model from the soil surface (to represent irrigation condition) and from the sides of the tank (to represent sub –surface flow condition and effluence of the groundwater). Each case involved ten runs; for each run, discharge, total head loss, and amount of sediment were recorded. It was found that crushed gravel filter would work similarly to natural graded gravel filter after a certain time from the beginning of runs. It was also found that the discharge and sediment when using crushed gravel filter were close to or equal to that with natural graded gravel filter. The hydraulic conductivity and the exit gradient values were calculated in this research. It was found that their values were so different between the two types of filters, but at the end of the laboratory work, the hydraulic conductivity would be approximately the same. The exit gradient of crushed gravel filter was lower than that of natural graded gravel filter due to the large pores between the filter particles. Finally, the results showed that, it is possible to use crushed gravel filter material in drainage systems, which is less costly and easier to place than natural graded gravel filter.

scholarly journals Assessment of TMPA 3B42V7 and PERSIANN-CDR in Driving Hydrological Modeling in a Semi-Humid Watershed in Northeastern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3133
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Zhuohang Xin ◽  
Huicheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Satellite Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Estimation

Recent developments of satellite precipitation products provide an unprecedented opportunity for better precipitation estimation, and thus broaden hydrological application. However, due to the errors and uncertainties of satellite products, a thorough validation is usually required before putting into the real hydrological application. As such, this study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation on the performances of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42V7 and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR), as well as their adequacies in simulating hydrological processes in a semi-humid region in the northeastern China. It was found that TMPA 3B42V7 showed a superior performance at the daily and monthly time scales, and had a favorable capture of the rainfall-intensity distribution. Intra-annual comparisons indicated a better representation of TMPA 3B42V7 from January to September, whereas PERSIANN-CDR was more reliable from October to December. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) driven by gauge precipitation data performed excellently with NSE > 0.9, while the performances of TMPA 3B42V7- and PERSIANN-CDR-based models are satisfactory with NSE > 0.5. The performances varied under different flow levels and hydrological years. Water balance analysis indicated a better performance of TMPA 3B42V7 in simulating the hydrological processes, including evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge and total runoff. The runoff compositions (i.e., base flow, subsurface flow, and surface flow) driven by TMPA 3B42V7 were more accordant with the actual hydrological features. This study will not only help recognize the potential satellite precipitation products for local water resources management, but also be a reference for the poor-gauged regions with similar hydrologic and climatic conditions around the world, especially the northeastern China and western Russia.

Discharge of tile drainage systems in an irrigated area of California

1956 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
A. F. Pillsbury ◽  
L. O Weeks ◽  
J. R. Spencer ◽  
R. C. Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Irrigated Area

scholarly journals Improved Curve Number Estimation in SWAT by Reflecting the Effect of Rainfall Intensity on Runoff Generation

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejian Zhang ◽  
Qiaoyin Lin ◽  
Xingwei Chen ◽  
Tian Chai
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
The Relationship

Determining the amount of rainfall that will eventually become runoff and its pathway is a crucial process in hydrological modelling. We proposed a method to better estimate curve number by adding an additional component (AC) to better account for the effects of daily rainfall intensity on rainfall-runoff generation. This AC is determined by a regression equation developed from the relationship between the AC series derived from fine-tuned calibration processes and observed rainfall series. When incorporated into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and tested in the Anxi Watershed, it is found, overall, the modified SWAT (SWAT-ICN) outperformed the original SWAT (SWAT-CN) in terms of stream flow, base flow, and annual extreme flow simulation. These models were further evaluated with the data sets of two adjacent watersheds. Similar results were achieved, indicating the ability of the proposed method to better estimate curve number.

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