scholarly journals Distinct stores and the routing of water in the deep critical zone of a snow-dominated volcanic catchment

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 4661-4683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa White ◽  
Bryan Moravec ◽  
Jennifer McIntosh ◽  
Yaniv Olshansky ◽  
Ben Paras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Fractured Aquifer ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Major Ion ◽  
Welded Tuff ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Isotopic Analyses

Abstract. This study combines major ion and isotope chemistry, age tracers, fracture density characterizations, and physical hydrology measurements to understand how the structure of the critical zone (CZ) influences its function, including water routing, storage, mean water residence times, and hydrologic response. In a high elevation rhyolitic tuff catchment in the Jemez River Basin Critical Zone Observatory (JRB-CZO) within the Valles Caldera National Preserve (VCNP) of northern New Mexico, a periodic precipitation pattern creates different hydrologic flow regimes during spring snowmelt, summer monsoon rain, and fall storms. Hydrometric, geochemical, and isotopic analyses of surface water and groundwater from distinct stores, most notably shallow groundwater that is likely a perched aquifer in consolidated collapse breccia and deeper groundwater in a fractured tuff aquifer system, enabled us to untangle the interactions of these groundwater stores and their contribution to streamflow across 1 complete water year (WY). Despite seasonal differences in groundwater response due to water partitioning, major ion chemistry indicates that deep groundwater from the highly fractured site is more representative of groundwater contributing to streamflow across the entire water year. Additionally, the comparison of streamflow and groundwater hydrographs indicates a hydraulic connection between the fractured welded tuff aquifer system and streamflow, while the shallow aquifer within the collapse breccia deposit does not show this same connection. Furthermore, analysis of age tracers and oxygen (δ18O) and stable hydrogen (δ2H) isotopes of water indicates that groundwater is a mix of modern and older waters recharged from snowmelt, and downhole neutron probe surveys suggest that water moves through the vadose zone both by vertical infiltration and subsurface lateral flow, depending on the lithology. We find that in complex geologic terrain like that of the JRB-CZO, differences in the CZ architecture of two hillslopes within a headwater catchment control water stores and routing through the subsurface and suggest that shallow groundwater does not contribute significantly to streams, while deep fractured aquifer systems contribute most to streamflow.

scholarly journals Storage and routing of water in the deep critical zone of a snow dominated volcanic catchment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa White ◽  
Bryan Moravec ◽  
Jennifer McIntosh ◽  
Yaniv Olshansky ◽  
Ben Paras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Elevation ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Fracture Density ◽  
Stable Water Isotopes ◽  
Ion Chemistry ◽  
Major Ion ◽  
Welded Tuff ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Perched Aquifer

Abstract. This study combines major ion and isotope chemistry, age tracers, fracture density characterizations, and physical hydrology measurements to understand how the structure of the critical zone (CZ) influences its function, including water routing, storage, mean water residence times, and hydrologic response. In a high elevation rhyolitic tuff catchment in the Jemez River Basin Critical Zone Observatory (JRB-CZO) within the Valles Caldera National Preserve of northern New Mexico, a periodic precipitation pattern creates different hydrologic flow regimes during spring snowmelt, summer monsoon rain, and fall storms. Hydrometric, geochemical, and isotopic analyses of surface water and groundwater from distinct stores, most notably a perched aquifer in consolidated collapse breccia and deeper groundwater in a fractured tuff aquifer, enabled us to untangle the interactions of these groundwater stores and their contribution to streamflow across one complete water year. Despite seasonal differences in groundwater response due to water partitioning, major ion chemistry indicates that deep groundwater from the highly fractured site is more representative of groundwater contributing to streamflow across the entire water year. Additionally, comparison of streamflow and groundwater hydrographs indicates hydraulic connection between the fractured welded tuff aquifer and streamflow while the perched aquifer within the collapse breccia deposit does not show this same connection. Furthermore, analysis of age tracers and stable water isotopes indicates that groundwater is a mix of modern and older waters recharged from snowmelt and downhole neutron probe surveys suggest that water moves through the vadose zone both as vertical infiltration and subsurface lateral flow, depending on lithology. We find that in complex geologic terrain like that of the JRB-CZO, differences in CZ architecture of two hillslopes within a headwater catchment control water storage and routing through the subsurface and suggest that the perched aquifer does not contribute significantly to streams while deep fractured aquifers contribute most to streamflow.

Source identification of inrush water based on groundwater hydrochemistry and statistical analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linhua Sun ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Herong Gui
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Source Identification ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Major Ion ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Groundwater Hydrochemistry

Water source identification is important for water hazard controlling in coal mines. In this study, major ion concentrations of the groundwater collected from four representative aquifer systems in the Baishan coal mine, northern Anhui Province, China, have been analysed by a series of statistical methods. The results indicate that the major ion concentrations of the groundwater from different aquifer system are different with each other, and provided the possibility of water source identification based on hydrochemistry. Factor analysis indicates that these differences are controlled by different types of water rock interactions. The analysis based on US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Unmix model identified three sources (weathering of silicate minerals, dissolution of carbonate and evaporate minerals) responsible for the hydrochemical variations of the groundwater. Also, it shows that their contributions for the groundwater in different aquifer systems vary considerably. Based on these variations and on step by step analysis, the source aquifer system for the groundwater samples with unknown source has been determined and, similar to the result obtained by the cluster and discriminant analysis. Therefore, EPA Unmix model can be applied for water source identification in coal mine, as it can provide information about water rock interaction and water source identification simultaneously.

scholarly journals The use of Radon (Rn222) isotopes to detect groundwater discharge in streams draining Table Mountain Group (TMG) aquifers

Water SA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Strydom ◽  
JM Nel ◽  
M Nel ◽  
RM Petersen ◽  
CL Ramjukadh
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Environmental Isotopes ◽  
Fractured Aquifer ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Water Interaction ◽  
Table Mountain ◽  
Interaction Studies ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Groundwater Surface Water Interaction

Environmental isotopes have been used for decades as natural tracers in studies aimed at understanding complex hydrogeological processes such as groundwater and surface water interactions. Radon (Rn222) is a naturally occurring, radioactive isotope which is produced from radium (Ra226) during the radioactive decay series of uranium (U238). Since U238 is present in most geological substrates, Rn222 is produced in various lithological structures and subsequently transported with groundwater through fractures and pore spaces in an aquifer towards surface water discharge points in rivers and springs. This study aimed to determine (i) the concentration of Rn222 within both surface water and groundwater in Table Mountain Group (TMG) aquifer systems, and (ii) the feasibility of using Rn222 isotopes as a natural tracer in groundwater-surface water interaction studies. This study was conducted in a highly fractured TMG aquifer system near Rawsonville, South Africa. Surface water from two perennial rivers (i.e. Gevonden and Molenaars), together with groundwater from a nearby borehole, were sampled and their corresponding Rn222 concentrations measured. Our study found median Rn222 concentrations in the Gevonden River of 76.4 Bq∙L-1 and 67.2 Bq∙L-1 in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Nearly 12% of surface water samples exceeded 100 Bq∙L-1.  These abnormally high Rn222 concentrations can only be attributed to the influx of groundwater with extremely high Rn222 concentrations. Under ambient (no pumping) conditions, Rn222 concentrations in groundwater range between 130–270 Bq∙L-1. However, when the borehole was pumped, and inflowing water from the surrounding aquifer was sampled, even higher Rn222 concentrations (391–593 Bq∙L-1) were measured. These extremely high Rn222 concentrations in groundwater are believed to be attributed to the underlying granitic geology and the prevalence of faults. The use of Rn222 isotopes as an environmental tracer in groundwater–surface water interaction studies is therefore regarded as a feasible option in similar highly fractured aquifer systems.

Evaluation of Shallow Groundwater Quantity in Harbin by Numerical Modeling

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 2745-2750
Author(s):  
Chang Lei Dai ◽  
Zhi Jun Li ◽  
Shao Min Du ◽  
Chun He Liu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Groundwater Modeling ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Hydrogeological Model ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Structure Boundary ◽  
Groundwater Quantity

In order to complete the geological survey of Harbin, it is necessary to understand the regime and law of groundwater in Harbin with the method of groundwater numerical modeling which requires the evaluation of groundwater resources quantity as a basic and critical step. Based on the analysis of hydrogeological conditions of the shallow aquifer in Harbin which includes the characteristics of aquifer system structure, boundary conditions, groundwater regime and recharge and discharge, a conceptual hydrogeological model has been built up with GMS (Groundwater Modeling System). With the numerical simulation model transferred by the conceptual model, the total amounts of renewable groundwater resources under different precipitation frequencies have been calculated. The result not only illustrates that the shallow aquifer in Harbin has certain potential in development and utilization but also provides some reference for managing a highly precise groundwater quantity evaluation by groundwater numerical modeling techniques.

scholarly journals Improving understanding of shallow urban groundwater: the Quaternary groundwater system in Glasgow, UK

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 155-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brighid Ó Dochartaigh ◽  
Helen Bonsor ◽  
Stephanie Bricker
Keyword(s):  
Land Development ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Urban Groundwater ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Groundwater System ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Lower Permeability ◽  
Shallow Groundwater System

ABSTRACTAlthough many European cities use urban aquifers for water supply, groundwater from shallow urban aquifers is not widely exploited. Nevertheless, shallow urban groundwater is a key environmental resource – for example, in maintaining healthy urban river flows and attenuating some pollutants – and it can also be a threat, such as through groundwater flooding. However, shallow urban groundwater is frequently overlooked or ineffectively managed, in large part because it is often poorly understood. This paper demonstrates the need to improve understanding of the shallow groundwater system in a city where shallow groundwater is not widely abstracted and, consequently, relatively little groundwater data exist. Like many UK cities, Glasgow is underlain by complex unconsolidated Quaternary deposits, which form a heterogeneous shallow aquifer system that has been extensively impacted by urban activities, typical of a former industrial city. Balancing the potential benefits and risks of shallow groundwater in Glasgow requires a better understanding of Quaternary hydrogeology in order to support the transition to a more sustainable city. This paper presents an improved conceptual model of Glasgow's shallow groundwater system within a sequence of Quaternary deposits in the Clyde valley, drawing heavily on data collected during major site investigations for land development in the city. Postglacial Quaternary sediments in Glasgow form an elongate, variably thick (up to 30m) and variably permeable aquifer system. Aquifer units with high permeability and high storage capacity are partially separated by lower permeability, but still hydrogeologically active, units. Groundwater in the system is hydraulically connected with the River Clyde. Groundwater flow occurs both longitudinally down-valley and convergent from the edge of the valley aquifer towards the river. There has been extensive anthropogenic alteration to the urban surface and shallow subsurface, which has modified the natural physical and chemical groundwater system. Pollution associated with historical industry has also extensively impacted the quality of Quaternary groundwater.

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis of hydrochemical data of the groundwater in parts of Karwan – Sengar sub - basin, Central Ganga basin, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Ganga Basin ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Aquifer System

Ganga basin is one of the world’s biggest aquifer repositories. The thick alluvium of the basin hosts its three tier aquifer system. The aquifer of the basin is under high stress due to unethical human intervention in the natural system. This warrants the need to evolve the basic hydrochemistry of every bit of the basin to make a scientific planning followed by a pragmatic execution. A multivariate statistical analysis was carried in order to give the hydrochemistry of the shallow aquifer a new dimension which is easily understood at a glance. In the present paper an attempt has been made to study the hydro chemical analysis data of shallow groundwater in parts of Karwan – Sengar sub basin, Central Ganga basin. The study is made of shallow aquifer of the region in which the movement of groundwater is from northwest to southeast. The descriptive statistical analysis was done beside Pearson correlation, principle component and regression analysis. All these are synthesized here to decipher the dynamics involved in the hydrochemistry of the area. The principle component analysis identified five factors that are responsible for the data structure explaining 83.49 % of the total variance of the data set. Factor 1 to 5 explains variance of 31.23, 19.445, 13.131, 12.105 and 8.647% respectively. Regression analysis show that Electric Conductivity (EC) as an independent variable which can be used to measure Carbonate (CO3 2-), Chloride(Cl-), Sodium (Na+), and Total Dissolve Solids (TDS). Further Magnesium (Mg2+) can be used to calculate the Total Hardness (TH) directly in the area.

Adaptation to Saltwater inTrusion in sEa level RIse Scenarios (ASTERIS): hydrogeochemical surveys and aquifer modelling for groundwater behaviour assessing in the coastal areas of Fano and Ravenna (central-eastern Italy)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Nisi ◽  
Matia Menichini ◽  
Marco Doveri ◽  
Jacopo Cabassi ◽  
Orlando Vaselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Central Eastern

<p>The Adriatic region is highly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change. Although attention has been paid to understand the climate change impact and risks over the last decades, the Adriatic community still faces a lack of a common risk assessment. For this reason, ASTERIS project has been financed at the Call for proposal 2017 Priority Axis Safety and resilience of Interregional V Italy-Croatia 2014-2020 Program. To this overall objective, the project will provide two main outputs: i) a map of vulnerability to coastal salinization at the macro-regional scale (Adriatic) based on future scenarios for sea-level rise and the hydrological cycle and ii) best practice and guidelines for the management of vulnerable sites defined though the analysis of representative case studies in Italy and Croatia. Within these general purposes, hydrogeological and geochemical surveys in two specific shallow aquifer systems that develop in the coastal areas of Fano and Ravenna (central-eastern Italy), were carried out. Several periodical campaigns, aimed at measuring water level and physical-chemical parameters by vertical logs in wells or piezometers, were also conducted. Additionally, ground and surface water samples were also collected for chemical and isotopic analyses to define the compositional features and the main geochemical processes affecting the two shallow aquifers. Preliminary investigations suggested that the Ravenna shallow aquifer is already strongly spoiled by a significant seawater intrusion (up to 80 %), whereas at Fano the presence of the saline wedge can be regarded as negligible. This indicates that the aquifer system of Fano can be considered as a good proxy for evaluating and simulating potential processes of saline-fresh water interactions by either the increasing demand of water exploitation and sea level rise due to anthropogenic pressure and climate change, respectively. In order to simulate possible future ingressions of seawater in the aquifer system of Fano, groundwater flow and transport models are currently in progress. These models will be implemented and calibrated according to the hydrogeological and geochemical data collected within the framework of the ASTERIS project. The expected modelled scenarios, obtained through predictive simulations, are of pivotal importance for assessing the possible groundwater response to climate change and for a correct management and protection of water resources, which can be exported to other aquifers system along the Adriatic Sea.</p>

scholarly journals Geological Effects on Water Quality: A Review of Issues and Challenges in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1857-1870
Author(s):  
Terfa E. Garba ◽  
Reena L. Richard ◽  
Nor Ezzawanis A. Thani ◽  
Mohamad Azlan A. Majid ◽  
Mutari Lawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Industrial Use

Malaysian source of water for household and industrial use is derived mainly from surface sources. The increasing demand for quality water for household consumption and industrial use has posed a great challenge to the otherwise abundant but scarce natural resources. This paper examines the important challenges associated with the deteriorating water quality in Peninsular Malaysia. Quality water enhances one’s good health. Therefore, evaluating health risk as a result of heavy metals introduction through drinking water from various geological activities like the ex-mining ponds in Klang Valley is worthy to note. Heavy metals which are one of the sources of contaminants, due to their solubility are transported from their source (mining, agricultural, and industrial) to groundwater. There is a linkage between land-use change (activities) such as logging, agriculture, urbanization, mining, and industrial activities as a potential source of contaminants, this is further conflated by the hydrogeology of the areas which show a shallow aquifer system predominantly associated with alluvial and carbonate. Also, microbial contamination had affected water sources. Given that more of the aquifer systems in Peninsular Malaysia are shallow, this makes it very easy for groundwater sources around Malaysia to be contaminated. The industrialisation and urbanisation in Malaysia, as well as the growing population, posed a great challenge to water quality. This paper highlights the key challenges and possible solutions to water quality management in Malaysia.

The Distribution of Volatile Organics in a Leachate Plume, Gloucester, Ontario

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Devlin ◽  
W.A. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Organic Contamination ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Volatile Organic Contaminants ◽  
Aquifer Sediments

Abstract The Gloucester Landfill is located near Ottawa, Ontario, on a northeast trending ridge of Quaternary age. The ridge comprises outwash sediments which make up two aquifer systems. A confined system exists next to bedrock, and is overlain by a silty-clayey stratum (the confining layer) which is, in turn, overlain by an unconfined aquifer system. Two independent volatile organic plumes have previously been identified at the landfill: the southeast plume, which has penetrated the confined aquifer system, and the northeast plume which is migrating in the unconfined aquifer. The distribution of volatile organic contaminants at the northeast plume site appears to be a function of two factors: (1) heterogeneities in the aquifer sediments are causing the channeling of contaminants through a narrow path; (2) the low fraction of organic carbon in the unconfined aquifer sediments at the northeast site is resulting in little retardation of the contaminants there, relative to those at the southeast site. Acetate was the only volatile fatty acid detected in the leachate. It was measurable only in areas where the volatile organic contamination was significant. Although methane was detected in the contaminated sediments, suggesting that microbial activity was present, the high concentration of acetate (>1000 ppm) which was detected down-gradient from the source area indicates that any biodegradation which is occurring is proceeding at a very slow rate.

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