scholarly journals Integration of SRTM and TRMM date into the GIS-based hydrological model for the purpose of flood modelling

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 4747-4775 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Akbari ◽  
A. Abu Samah ◽  
F. Othman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Flood Modeling ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Watershed Delineation ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Elevation Data

Abstract. Due to land use and climate changes, more severe and frequent floods occur worldwide. Flood simulation as the first step in flood risk management can be robustly conducted with integration of GIS, RS and flood modeling tools. The primary goal of this research is to examine the practical use of public domain satellite data and GIS-based hydrologic model. Firstly, database development process is described. GIS tools and techniques were used in the light of relevant literature to achieve the appropriate database. Watershed delineation and parameterizations were carried out using cartographic DEM derived from digital topography at a scale of 1:25 000 with 30 m cell size and SRTM elevation data at 30 m cell size. The SRTM elevation dataset is evaluated and compared with cartographic DEM. With the assistance of statistical measures such as Correlation coefficient (r), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), Percent Bias (PBias) or Percent of Error (PE). According to NSE index, SRTM-DEM can be used for watershed delineation and parameterization with 87% similarity with Topo-DEM in a complex and underdeveloped terrains. Primary TRMM (V6) data was used as satellite based hytograph for rainfall-runoff simulation. The SCS-CN approach was used for losses and kinematic routing method employed for hydrograph transformation through the reaches. It is concluded that TRMM estimates do not give adequate information about the storms as it can be drawn from the rain gauges. Event-based flood modeling using HEC-HMS proved that SRTM elevation dataset has the ability to obviate the lack of terrain data for hydrologic modeling where appropriate data for terrain modeling and simulation of hydrological processes is unavailable. However, TRMM precipitation estimates failed to explain the behavior of rainfall events and its resultant peak discharge and time of peak.

Application of WetSpa model for assessing land use impacts on floods in the Margecany–Hornad watershed, Slovakia

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bahremand ◽  
F. De Smedt ◽  
J. Corluy ◽  
Y.B. Liu ◽  
J. Poórová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Land Use Impacts ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Wetspa Model ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Agreement

The spatially distributed hydrologic model WetSpa combines elevation, soil and land use data within GIS, to predict flood hydrographs and spatial distribution of hydrologic characteristics in a watershed. The model is applied to the Margecany–Hornad river basin (1,131 km2) in Slovakia. Daily hydrometeorological data from 1991–2000, including precipitation data from nine stations, temperature data from four stations and evaporation data measured at one station are used as input to the model. Three base maps, i.e. DEM, land use and soil type are prepared in GIS form, using 100 × 100 m cell size. Results of the simulations show good agreement between calculated and measured hydrographs. The model predicts the daily/hourly hydrographs with 75–80% accuracy according to the Nash–Sutcliff criteria. For assessing the impact of land use changes on floods, the calibrated model is applied for a reforestation scenario, which considers a 50% increase of forest areas. The model results show that the reforestation scenario decreases the peak discharge by 12%. Investigation of peak discharges from the whole simulation period, shows that the scenario results are reduced by 18% on average, while for small discharges the reduction is even about 34%. The time to peak of the simulated hydrograph of the reforestation scenario is 20 hours longer than for the present land use.

Analysis of Flood and Dry Threshold Definition in Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Flood Modeling Tools

2018 ◽  
pp. 675-687
Author(s):  
Leslie Salvan ◽  
Elodie Zavattero ◽  
Olivier Delestre ◽  
Philippe Gourbesville
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Flood Modeling ◽  
Modeling Tools

scholarly journals Investigating the Applicability of Error Correction Ensembles of Satellite Rainfall Products in River Flow Simulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1194-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Maggioni ◽  
Humberto J. Vergara ◽  
Emmanouil N. Anagnostou ◽  
Jonathan J. Gourley ◽  
Yang Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Error Propagation ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Stochastic Error ◽  
Precipitation Estimation ◽  
Satellite Rainfall ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study uses a stochastic ensemble-based representation of satellite rainfall error to predict the propagation in flood simulation of three quasi-global-scale satellite rainfall products across a range of basin scales. The study is conducted on the Tar-Pamlico River basin in the southeastern United States based on 2 years of data (2004 and 2006). The NWS Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) dataset is used as the reference for evaluating three satellite rainfall products: the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) real-time 3B42 product (3B42RT), the Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Imagery Using Artificial Neural Networks–Cloud Classification System (PERSIANN-CCS). Both ground-measured runoff and streamflow simulations, derived from the NWS Research Distributed Hydrologic Model forced with the MPE dataset, are used as benchmarks to evaluate ensemble streamflow simulations obtained by forcing the model with satellite rainfall corrected using stochastic error simulations from a two-dimensional satellite rainfall error model (SREM2D). The ability of the SREM2D ensemble error corrections to improve satellite rainfall-driven runoff simulations and to characterize the error variability of those simulations is evaluated. It is shown that by applying the SREM2D error ensemble to satellite rainfall, the simulated runoff ensemble is able to envelope both the reference runoff simulation and observed streamflow. The best (uncorrected) product is 3B42RT, but after applying SREM2D, CMORPH becomes the most accurate of the three products in the prediction of runoff variability. The impact of spatial resolution on the rainfall-to-runoff error propagation is also evaluated for a cascade of basin scales (500–5000 km2). Results show a doubling in the bias from rainfall to runoff at all basin scales. Significant dependency to catchment area is exhibited for the random error propagation component.

scholarly journals Application of the global SRTM and AW3D30 digital elevation models to mapping folds at cave sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
Mark Abolins ◽  
Albert Ogden
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Digital Elevation Models ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
The Mean

A novel method to map and quantitatively describe very gentle folds (limb dip <5°) at cratonic cave sites was evaluated at Snail Shell and Nanna caves, central Tennessee, USA. Elevations from the global SRTM digital terrain model (DTM) were assigned to points on late Ordovician geologic contacts, and the elevations of the points were used to interpolate 28 m cell size natural neighbor digital elevation models (DEM’s) of the contacts. The global Forest Canopy Height Dataset was subtracted from the global 28 m cell size AW3D30 digital surface model (DSM) to create a DTM, and that DTM was applied in the same way. Comparison of mean and modal strikes of the interpolated surfaces with mean and modal cave passage trend shows that many passages are sub-parallel to the trend of an anticline. WithiSn 500 m of the caves, the SRTM- and AW3D30-based interpolated surfaces have mean strikes within 8° of the mean strike of an interpolated reference surface created with a high resolution (~0.76 m cell size and 10 cm RMSE) Tennessee, USA LiDAR DTM. This evaluation shows that the SRTM- and AW3D30-based method has the potential to reveal a relationship between the trend of a fold, on one hand, and cave passages, on the other, at sites where a geologic contact varies in elevation by >35 m within an area of <12.4 km2 and the mean dip of bedding is >0.9°.

scholarly journals Simulation as Implementation of Digital Approach to Decision-Making under Uncertainty and Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 11004
Author(s):  
O.V. Tiutyk ◽  
M.E. Butakova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Decision Making Under Uncertainty ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Management Decision Making

The paper articulates the problem of modeling management decision-making process in new digital reality: decision-making under uncertainty, volatile environment, huge amount of data to be accounted, objective analytical risk attitude. The proposed solution includes critical selection of risk and uncertainty management tools aimed at improvement quality of management decision-making information support in the sustainable development context (on the example of construction projects). The aim of research is the development of the new “digital” approach to the process of reducing uncertainty when decision making in highly risk projects, including the process model and toolkit. Methodology is based on logical analysis and synthesis, decomposition, qualitative analysis of the relevant literature and primary data (top management informal interviews, targeted sample), comparative and regression analysis, time series analysis, mathematical statistics and simulation modelling based on nine sets of design estimation paperwork and turnover-balance sheets. The contribution into the existing knowledge includes substantiating the correlation of the terms of the digital decision-making and simulation modeling tools in high-risk projects management under insufficient statistical data and their mutual interaction. Also, advisability of formalization of the decision-making method based on unprocessed design estimates is justified, and appropriate methods for sustainable decision-making information support are selected. The approbation demonstrated practical significance and economic effectiveness of developed approach; experiment was carried out on the base of «RSU – 6» LLC’s projects (Tchaikovsky, Perm region).

Effect of the Tide On Flood Modeling and Mapping in Kota Tinggi, Johor Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfaqar Sa’adi ◽  
Ahmad Zuhdi Ismail ◽  
Zulkifli Yusop ◽  
Zainab Mohamad Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Tidal Effect ◽  
Flood Modeling ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Floodplain Mapping ◽  
Average Similarity

Abstract This study aimed at mapping the Kota Tinggi flood event in 2006/07 that had caused massive damages to properties and the environment. The flood was associated with unusually high intensity and continuous rainfall. Therefore, a reliable technique of floodplain mapping is crucial for the improvement of flood control strategies and for preparing an evacuation plan. The main objective of this study is to compare the effect of tide on flood modeling analysis. The inundated areas were mapped for various annual recurrent intervals using peak flow data from 1965 to 2010. The study used Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data for flood modeling. HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS, and HEC-GeoRAS were used to develop the flood model. The results reaffirm that the GEV model is the best for fitting the annual flood. The HEC-HMS hydrologic model was calibrated and validated using observed hydrographs in Sep 2002 and Jan 2003, respectively. Upon successful calibration and validation, the model was used to simulate flood hydrograph in Jan 2007. The modeling took into account the tidal effect. When the tidal effect was not considered, the simulated flood depth was 43 % lower than the observed flood. However, the inclusion of the tidal effect has reduced the simulation error with an average similarity of 91.4%. The simulation results show that the river flow starts to over bank for ARIs exceeded 25 years.

c-Myc in breast cancer.

2000 ◽  
pp. 143-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Liao ◽  
R B Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Malignancy ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Myc Gene ◽  
Growth Metabolism

Ever since Bishop and his co-workers discovered the c-myc gene in the late 1970s (Bishop 1982), voluminous literature has documented its central role in proliferation and malignant transformation of human and animal cells (Amati et al. 1998, Bouchard et al. 1998, Dang et al. 1999). Most, if not all, types of human malignancy have been reported to have amplification and/or overexpression of this gene, although the frequency of these alterations varies greatly among different reports (Nesbit et al. 1999). In 1992, researchers started to realize that aberrant expression of c-myc could cause apoptosis (Evan et al. 1992, Shi et al. 1992), although the phenomenon had actually been observed much earlier (Wurm et al. 1986). Studies in recent years have further shown that the c-myc gene regulates growth, both in the sense of cell size and in the context of tissue differentiation (Gandarillas & Watt 1997, Iritani & Eisenman 1999, Johnston et al. 1999, Schmidt 1999, Schuhmacher et al. 1999). Thus, it is now known that the c-myc gene participates in most aspects of cellular function, including replication, growth, metabolism, differentiation, and apoptosis (Packham & Cleveland 1995, Hoffman & Liebermann 1998, Dang 1999, Dang et al. 1999, Elend & Eilers 1999, Prendergast 1999). How the c-Myc protein may be specifically directed to perform one, but not the others, of these functions is still obscure, despite the fact that the relevant literature has been accumulating at a fast pace in the past two decades. This review focuses on the profound roles of c-Myc in breast cancer and in the actions of the hormones that are eitologically related to breast cancer.

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