scholarly journals The development of geophysics in the early period of the People's Republic of China based on the Institute of Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (1950–1966)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Zhihui Zhang ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Space Physics ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Abstract. From the perspective of the social history of science and transnational history, this paper reviewed the development of the Institute of Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IGCAS), rather than focusing on its scientific achievements. Before the 1950s, the discipline of geophysics in China, except for the branch of meteorology, had a very weak foundation, and few researchers were engaged in it. The systematic development of geophysics began with the establishment of IGCAS. In this paper, the early development of IGCAS was researched thoroughly. At first, we briefly reviewed the establishment process for IGCAS. After being promoted by the desire of scientists to develop big geophysics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) integrated scattered academic forces, which included geomagnetism and geophysical exploration, to establish the IGCAS. The IGCAS was based on the Institute of Meteorology of Academia Sinica in the Republic of China era. After that, we summarized work done by IGCAS in the development of geophysics from the 1950s to 1966, the year in which the Cultural Revolution began. We focused on policy support, adjustment of organizational structure, and scientific capacity building, when China was facing an isolated international diplomatic environment, continuous domestic political movements, and an austere social economy. Then, to bolster the development of geophysics in China, the slogan of “Missions Drive Disciplines”, which was instilled and implemented by the Chinese scientific community, was introduced briefly. The scientific development of the IGCAS and typical examples in several branches of geophysics, which included atmospheric science, seismology, space physics, and other fields, were systematically summarized and benchmarked to the international academic level. We then summarized the basic research on geophysics carried out by the institute in economic construction and national defense. Finally, the experience and lessons in the development of this institute and its effect on geophysics in China were explored.

scholarly journals Lu Yu: the past and future of condensed matter physics

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
Mu-ming Poo ◽  
Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Rooted Tree ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Condensed Matter Physics ◽  
Fed State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Physicist ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Abstract Lu Yu, a distinguished theoretical physicist at the Institute of Physics (IOP) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), has witnessed the development of Chinese physics over the past five decades, from the difficult period of 1960s when physicists worked in a ‘half-fed’ state to the present flowering springtime of Chinese physics in which many breakthroughs at the frontier of physics are attracting international recognition. He considers these achievements to be not merely ‘intermittent bubbles’, but the cumulative result of sustained governmental support of basic research over the past decades. In his area of condensed-matter physics, Yu sees ‘a big deep-rooted tree with many branches—some old branches have withered away, but new shoots continue to appear’. In a recent interview with NSR, Yu reflected upon the recent history of condensed-matter physics in China—what has been accomplished and what lies ahead—and his view on the development of physics in general.

scholarly journals When the East meets the West: the future of traditional Chinese medicine in the 21st century

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Associate Editor ◽  
Western Science ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Analytical Tools

Abstract Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been practiced in China for thousands of years. In the past decade, there have been intensive debates in China about the nature of this ancient practice and its future development. Some critics argue that TCM theories are inaccurate descriptions of the human body that verge on imagination, and so have no place in modern healthcare systems. Other, however, say that TCM has a lot to offer to Western science and medicine and that emerging analytical tools hold great potentials in bridging the gap between the two worlds with contrasting philosophy and approaches. In a forum chaired by National Science Review's Executive Associate Editor Mu-ming Poo, five panelists from diverse backgrounds discussed the differences between TCM and Western science and medicine, recent progress in TCM research, and key challenges in modernizing this ancient practice. Hongxin Cao Director of Science and Technology Bureau, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China Aiping Lu Dean of the School of Chinese Medicine at Hong Kong Baptist University Yiling Wu President of Hebei Academy of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine Boli Zhang President of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and President of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Liping Zhao Professor and former deputy director of the Shanghai Center for System Biology at Shanghai Jiao Tong University Mu-ming Poo (Chair) Neuroscientist and Director of Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Neurosciences in Shanghai

Chinese Intellectuals and Science A History of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuping Yao
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Chinese Intellectuals ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The ArgumentThe Chinese Academy of Sciences, founded in 1949 – the same year as the People's Republic of China – has attempted to use science to speed up technological, economic, and defense-related development, as well as the entire process of modernization. At' the same time, political structures on the development of science have hampered scientific output and kept it to a level that was far below what might have been expected from the creative potential of China's scientists.Early in this century, when modern science was brought to China by foreign missionaries and by scientists and students returning from abroad, only a few people in the country were engaged in scientific research. In 1928 and 1929, two state-run comprehensive research establishments were founded: the Academia Sinica, consisting mainly of scientists who had studied in the United States, and the Peking Academy, consisting mainly of European-trained scientists. Two decades later, a month after the proclamation of the People's Republic of China, a single national scientific research body was founded: the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). This article will review the contribution and status of the CAS, its successes and its failures in the ensuing forty years.

scholarly journals Directional scale elasticity considering the management preference of decision-makers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian REN ◽  
Zhongbao Zhou ◽  
Ruiyang Li ◽  
Wenbin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Scale Elasticity ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Simultaneous Change

Most data envelopment analysis (DEA) studies on scale elasticity (SE) and returns to scale (RTS) of efficient units arise from the traditional definitions of them in economics, which is based on measuring radial changes in outputs caused by the simultaneous change in all inputs. In actual multiple inputs/outputs activities, the goals of expanding inputs are not only to obtain increases in outputs, but also to expect the proportions of such increases consistent with the management preference of decision-makers. However, the management preference is usually not radial changes in outputs. With the latter goal into consideration, this paper proposes the directional SE and RTS in a general formula for multi-output activities, and offers a DEA-based model for the formula of directional SE at any point on the DEA frontier, which is straightforward and requires no simplifying assumptions. Finally, the empirical part employs the data of 16 basic research institutions in Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) to illustrate the superiority of the proposed theories and methods.

scholarly journals Sciences of human settlements: Searching for the theory and practice

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 (415-417) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
Wu Liangyong
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Tsinghua University ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The City

The author is Professor of Architecture and Urban Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering; and Director of both the Institute of Architectural and Urban Studies and the Center for Human Settlements, Tsinghua University. He is also a member and former President of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document