scholarly journals TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING OF THE MOON IN THE 21ST CENTURY: FROM HECTOMETER TO MILLIMETER SCALES

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 1117-1124
Author(s):  
K. Di ◽  
J. Oberst ◽  
I. Karachevtseva ◽  
B. Wu
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Multiple Scale ◽  
Shape From Shading ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Topographic Mapping ◽  
Data Mapping ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Mapping Techniques

Abstract. This paper presents a review of lunar topographic mapping in the two decades of the 21st century, including descriptions of lunar exploration missions, relevant payloads and data, mapping techniques, as well as global and regional mapping products. Various lunar photogrammetric mapping techniques such as construction of geometric models of lunar orbital images, block adjustments, shape from shading, co-registration of lunar orbital image and elevation data have been developed to process lunar orbital images and generate mapping products. Global topographic products at hectometer and decameter scales have been produced from orbital images and/or laser altimeter data. Regional topographic maps of the landing sites and other sites of interest have been generated at meter-scale using the sub-meter to meter resolution orbital images. Detailed local topographic products at centimeter to millimeter scales of the landing sites and rover traverse areas have been produced using descent images acquired by the landers and stereo images acquired by the rovers. These multiple-scale topographic mapping products have been extensively used to support various science applications, as well as engineering applications such as surface operations of the rovers.

scholarly journals Mapping Mars at Global to Human Scales

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 912-912
Author(s):  
Brent A. Archinal ◽  
Randolph L. Kirk ◽  
Elpitha Howington-Kraus ◽  
Mark R. Rosiek ◽  
Laurence A. Soderblom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Shape From Shading ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Geologic Mapping ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Pixel Resolution ◽  
Narrow Angle ◽  
Current State ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Single Pixel

We report on current Mars mapping projects in support of NASA planetary exploration. This includes a summary of the current state and accuracy of such mapping at global, regional, and local (human) scales. The availability of Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data has revolutionized such mapping. Aside from its use as a global topographic dataset, images can easily be correlated to it with absolute uncertainties of ≈100 m horizontally. We are using this to create a revised version of the global Mars digital image mosaic (MDIM) that will have absolute errors of ≈231 m (one pixel) and improved cosmetic characteristics. We are undertaking stereo-topographic mapping at regional to local scales, using Viking and Mars Orbiter Camera Narrow Angle (NA) images, with horizontal resolutions of 600 to 5 m, and expected vertical precision of 200 to 1 m. Derived topography and altimetric information can also be used to calibrate shape-from-shading (photoclinometry) topographic models at down to single-pixel resolution (i.e. 1.4 m for NA images). Products of these efforts have a multitude of purposes, from assisting in large-scale geologic mapping, to characterizing the geology/safety of proposed landing sites. Plans are underway to also use THEMIS, HRSC, and HiRISE camera data in future efforts.

scholarly journals IMPROVE THE ZY-3 HEIGHT ACCURACY USING ICESAT/GLAS LASER ALTIMETER DATA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B1 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Guoyuan Li ◽  
Xinming Tang ◽  
Xiaoming Gao ◽  
Chongyang Zhang ◽  
Tao Li
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Bundle Adjustment ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Laser Altimetry ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Ice Cloud ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Polar Ice Sheets

ZY-3 is the first civilian high resolution stereo mapping satellite, which has been launched on 9th, Jan, 2012. The aim of ZY-3 satellite is to obtain high resolution stereo images and support the 1:50000 scale national surveying and mapping. Although ZY-3 has very high accuracy for direct geo-locations without GCPs (Ground Control Points), use of some GCPs is still indispensible for high precise stereo mapping. The GLAS (Geo-science Laser Altimetry System) loaded on the ICESat (Ice Cloud and land Elevation Satellite), which is the first laser altimetry satellite for earth observation. GLAS has played an important role in the monitoring of polar ice sheets, the measuring of land topography and vegetation canopy heights after launched in 2003. Although GLAS has ended in 2009, the derived elevation dataset still can be used after selection by some criteria. <br><br> In this paper, the ICESat/GLAS laser altimeter data is used as height reference data to improve the ZY-3 height accuracy. A selection method is proposed to obtain high precision GLAS elevation data. Two strategies to improve the ZY-3 height accuracy are introduced. One is the conventional bundle adjustment based on RFM and bias-compensated model, in which the GLAS footprint data is viewed as height control. The second is to correct the DSM (Digital Surface Model) straightly by simple block adjustment, and the DSM is derived from the ZY-3 stereo imaging after freedom adjustment and dense image matching. The experimental result demonstrates that the height accuracy of ZY-3 without other GCPs can be improved to 3.0 meter after adding GLAS elevation data. What’s more, the comparison of the accuracy and efficiency between the two strategies is implemented for application.

scholarly journals IMPROVE THE ZY-3 HEIGHT ACCURACY USING ICESAT/GLAS LASER ALTIMETER DATA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B1 ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyuan Li ◽  
Xinming Tang ◽  
Xiaoming Gao ◽  
Chongyang Zhang ◽  
Tao Li
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Bundle Adjustment ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Laser Altimetry ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Ice Cloud ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Polar Ice Sheets

ZY-3 is the first civilian high resolution stereo mapping satellite, which has been launched on 9th, Jan, 2012. The aim of ZY-3 satellite is to obtain high resolution stereo images and support the 1:50000 scale national surveying and mapping. Although ZY-3 has very high accuracy for direct geo-locations without GCPs (Ground Control Points), use of some GCPs is still indispensible for high precise stereo mapping. The GLAS (Geo-science Laser Altimetry System) loaded on the ICESat (Ice Cloud and land Elevation Satellite), which is the first laser altimetry satellite for earth observation. GLAS has played an important role in the monitoring of polar ice sheets, the measuring of land topography and vegetation canopy heights after launched in 2003. Although GLAS has ended in 2009, the derived elevation dataset still can be used after selection by some criteria. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; In this paper, the ICESat/GLAS laser altimeter data is used as height reference data to improve the ZY-3 height accuracy. A selection method is proposed to obtain high precision GLAS elevation data. Two strategies to improve the ZY-3 height accuracy are introduced. One is the conventional bundle adjustment based on RFM and bias-compensated model, in which the GLAS footprint data is viewed as height control. The second is to correct the DSM (Digital Surface Model) straightly by simple block adjustment, and the DSM is derived from the ZY-3 stereo imaging after freedom adjustment and dense image matching. The experimental result demonstrates that the height accuracy of ZY-3 without other GCPs can be improved to 3.0 meter after adding GLAS elevation data. What’s more, the comparison of the accuracy and efficiency between the two strategies is implemented for application.

scholarly journals OpenAltimetry - rapid analysis and visualization of Spaceborne altimeter data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siri Jodha S. Khalsa ◽  
Adrian Borsa ◽  
Viswanath Nandigam ◽  
Minh Phan ◽  
Kai Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Access ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Rapid Access ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
User Groups ◽  
High Level

Abstract NASA’s Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) carries a laser altimeter that fires 10,000 pulses per second towards Earth and records the travel time of individual photons to measure the elevation of the surface below. The volume of data produced by ICESat-2, nearly a TB per day, presents significant challenges for users wishing to efficiently explore the dataset. NASA’s National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC), which is responsible for archiving and distributing ICESat-2 data, provides search and subsetting services on mission data products, but providing interactive data discovery and visualization tools needed to assess data coverage and quality in a given area of interest is outside of NSIDC’s mandate. The OpenAltimetry project, a NASA-funded collaboration between NSIDC, UNAVCO and the University of California San Diego, has developed a web-based cyberinfrastructure platform that allows users to locate, visualize, and download ICESat-2 surface elevation data and photon clouds for any location on Earth, on demand. OpenAltimetry also provides access to elevations and waveforms for ICESat (the predecessor mission to ICESat-2). In addition, OpenAltimetry enables data access via APIs, opening opportunities for rapid access, experimentation, and computation via third party applications like Jupyter notebooks. OpenAltimetry emphasizes ease-of-use for new users and rapid access to entire altimetry datasets for experts and has been successful in meeting the needs of different user groups. In this paper we describe the principles that guided the design and development of the OpenAltimetry platform and provide a high-level overview of the cyberinfrastructure components of the system.

scholarly journals Alignment determination of the Hayabusa2 laser altimeter (LIDAR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotomo Noda ◽  
Hiroki Senshu ◽  
Koji Matsumoto ◽  
Noriyuki Namiki ◽  
Takahide Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Gravity Assist ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Trajectory Error ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Camera Image ◽  
Operation Period ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Along Track

AbstractIn this study, we determined the alignment of the laser altimeter aboard Hayabusa2 with respect to the spacecraft using in-flight data. Since the laser altimeter data were used to estimate the trajectory of the Hayabusa2 spacecraft, the pointing direction of the altimeter needed to be accurately determined. The boresight direction of the receiving telescope was estimated by comparing elevations of the laser altimeter data and camera images, and was confirmed by identifying prominent terrains of other datasets. The estimated boresight direction obtained by the laser link experiment in the winter of 2015, during the Earth’s gravity assist operation period, differed from the direction estimated in this study, which fell on another part of the candidate direction; this was not selected in a previous study. Assuming that the uncertainty of alignment determination of the laser altimeter boresight was 4.6 pixels in the camera image, the trajectory error of the spacecraft in the cross- and/or along-track directions was determined to be 0.4, 2.1, or 8.6 m for altitudes of 1, 5, or 20 km, respectively.

scholarly journals Measurement of ice-sheet topography using satellite-radar interferometry

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (140) ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Joughin ◽  
Dale Winebrenner ◽  
Mark Fahnestock ◽  
Ron Kwok ◽  
William Krabill
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Radar Interferometry ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Ice Sheet Topography

AbstractDetailed digital elevation models (DEMs) do not exist for much of the Greenland and Antartic ice sheets. Radar altimetry is at present the primary, in many cases the only, source of topographic data over the ice sheets, but the horizontal resolution of such data is coarse. Satellite-radar interferometry uses the phase difference between pairs of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to measure both ice-sheet topography and surface displacement. We have applied this technique using ERS-1 SAR data to make detailed (i.e. 80 m horizontal resolution) maps of surface topography in a 100 km by 300 km strip in West Greenland, extending northward from just above Jakobshavns Isbræ. Comparison with а 76 km long line of airborne laser-altimeter data shows that We have achieved a relative accuracy of 2.5 m along the profile. These observations provide a detailed view of dynamically Supported topography near the margin of an ice sheet. In the final section We compare our estimate of topography with phase contours due to motion, and confirm our earlier analysis concerning vertical ice-sheet motion and complexity in ERS-1 SAR interferograms.

Global Mapping and Analysis of the Structural Features in the Northern Smooth Plains of Mercury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
marco cardinale ◽  
Gaetano Di Achille ◽  
David A.Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Volcanic Material ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Dual Imaging

&lt;p&gt;Orbital data from the Messenger spacecraft (1) reveal that part of the Mercury surface is covered by smooth plains, which are interpreted to be flood volcanic material across the planetary surface (2). In this work, we present a detailed geo-structural map of the northern smooth plains between&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;#160; &lt;/span&gt;latitudes 29&amp;#176;N and 65&amp;#176;N. Our 1:100.000-scale map is obtained semi-automatically, using an algorithm to map all scarps from a DEM (3,4) followed by visual inspection and classification in ArcGIS. We created a DEM&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;#160; &lt;/span&gt;using the raw MLA (Mercury Laser Altimeter) data (1) ,with 500 m/pix, and we used the Mercury Messenger MDIS (Mercury Dual Imaging System) (1,2) base map with 166m per pixel for the classification stage. With this approach, we mapped and characterized 51664 features on Mercury, creating a database with several morphometric attributes (e.g. length, azimuth, scarp height) which we will use to study the tectonic evolution of the smooth plains.&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In this way, we classified wrinkle ridges&amp;#8217;s scarps, ghost craters, rim craters and central peaks. The morphometric parameters of the wrinkle ridges will&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;#160; &lt;/span&gt;be quantitatively analyzed, in order to characterizer the possible tectonic process that could have formed them.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This map can be considered an enhancement for the north pole of the global geological map of Mercury (1, 5).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;References&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Hawkins, S. E., III, et al. (2007), The Mercury Dual Imaging System on the MESSENGER spacecraft, Space Sci. Rev., 131, 247&amp;#8211;338..&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Denevi, B. W., et al. (2013), The distribution and origin of smooth plains on Mercury, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 118, 891&amp;#8211;907, doi:10.1002/jgre.20075.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Alegre Vaz, D. (2011). Analysis of a Thaumasia Planum rift through automatic mapping and strain characterization of normal faults. Planetary and Space Science, 59(11-12), 1210&amp;#8211;1221. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2010.07.008&amp;#160;.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Vaz, D. A., Spagnuolo, M. G., &amp; Silvestro, S. (2014). Morphometric and geometric characterization of normal faults on Mars. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 401, 83&amp;#8211;94. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.022.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Kinczyk, M. J., Prockter, L., Byrne, P., Denevi, B., Buczkowski, D., Ostrach, L., &amp; Miller, E. (2019, September). The First Global Geological Map of Mercury. In &lt;em&gt;EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2019&lt;/em&gt; (Vol. 2019, pp. EPSC-DPS2019).&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;

Error identification in orbital laser altimeter data by machine learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Stenzel ◽  
Robin Thor ◽  
Martin Hilchenbach
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Space Science ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Laser Altimetry ◽  
Error Identification ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Solar System Bodies

&lt;p&gt;Orbital Laser altimeters deliver a plethora of data that is used to map planetary surfaces [1] and to understand interiors of solar system bodies [2]. Accuracy and precision of laser altimetry measurements depend on the knowledge of spacecraft position and pointing and on the instrument. Both are important for the retrieval of tidal parameters. In order to assess the quality of the altimeter retrievals, we are training and implementing an artificial neural network (ANN) to identify and exclude scans from analysis which yield erroneous data. The implementation is based on the PyTorch framework [3]. We are presenting our results for the MESSENGER Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA) data set [4], but also in view of future analysis of the BepiColombo Laser Altimeter (BELA) data, which will arrive in orbit around Mercury in 2025 on board the Mercury Planetary Orbiter [5,6]. We further explore conventional methods of error identification and compare these with the machine learning results. Short periods of large residuals or large variation of residuals are identified and used to detect erroneous measurements. Furthermore, long-period systematics, such as those caused by slow variations in instrument pointing, can be modelled by including additional parameters.&lt;br&gt;[1] Zuber, Maria T., David E. Smith, Roger J. Phillips, Sean C. Solomon, Gregory A. Neumann, Steven A. Hauck, Stanton J. Peale, et al. &amp;#8216;Topography of the Northern Hemisphere of Mercury from MESSENGER Laser Altimetry&amp;#8217;. Science 336, no. 6078 (13 April 2012): 217&amp;#8211;20. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1218805.&lt;br&gt;[2] Thor, Robin N., Reinald Kallenbach, Ulrich R. Christensen, Philipp Gl&amp;#228;ser, Alexander Stark, Gregor Steinbr&amp;#252;gge, and J&amp;#252;rgen Oberst. &amp;#8216;Determination of the Lunar Body Tide from Global Laser Altimetry Data&amp;#8217;. Journal of Geodesy 95, no. 1 (23 December 2020): 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-020-01455-8.&lt;br&gt;[3] Paszke, Adam, Sam Gross, Francisco Massa, Adam Lerer, James Bradbury, Gregory Chanan, Trevor Killeen, et al. &amp;#8216;PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Library&amp;#8217;. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 32 (2019): 8026&amp;#8211;37.&lt;br&gt;[4] Cavanaugh, John F., James C. Smith, Xiaoli Sun, Arlin E. Bartels, Luis Ramos-Izquierdo, Danny J. Krebs, Jan F. McGarry, et al. &amp;#8216;The Mercury Laser Altimeter Instrument for the MESSENGER Mission&amp;#8217;. Space Science Reviews 131, no. 1 (1 August 2007): 451&amp;#8211;79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-007-9273-4.&lt;br&gt;[5] Thomas, N., T. Spohn, J. -P. Barriot, W. Benz, G. Beutler, U. Christensen, V. Dehant, et al. &amp;#8216;The BepiColombo Laser Altimeter (BELA): Concept and Baseline Design&amp;#8217;. Planetary and Space Science 55, no. 10 (1 July 2007): 1398&amp;#8211;1413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2007.03.003.&lt;br&gt;[6] Benkhoff, Johannes, Jan van Casteren, Hajime Hayakawa, Masaki Fujimoto, Harri Laakso, Mauro Novara, Paolo Ferri, Helen R. Middleton, and Ruth Ziethe. &amp;#8216;BepiColombo&amp;#8212;Comprehensive Exploration of Mercury: Mission Overview and Science Goals&amp;#8217;. Planetary and Space Science, Comprehensive Science Investigations of Mercury: The scientific goals of the joint ESA/JAXA mission BepiColombo, 58, no. 1 (1 January 2010): 2&amp;#8211;20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2009.09.020.&lt;/p&gt;

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