scholarly journals Developing Tsunami fragility curves using remote sensing and survey data of the 2010 Chilean Tsunami in Dichato

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2689-2697 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mas ◽  
S. Koshimura ◽  
A. Suppasri ◽  
M. Matsuoka ◽  
M. Matsuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
South American ◽  
Survey Team ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Structural Fragility ◽  
Tsunami Fragility ◽  
Chilean Tsunami ◽  
The Town

Abstract. On 27 February 2010, a megathrust earthquake of Mw = 8.8 generated a destructive tsunami in Chile. It struck not only Chilean coast but propagated all the way to Japan. After the event occurred, the post-tsunami survey team was assembled, funded by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), to survey the area severely affected by the tsunami. The tsunami damaged and destroyed numerous houses, especially in the town of Dichato. In order to estimate the structural fragility against tsunami hazard in this area, tsunami fragility curves were developed. Surveyed data of inundation depth and visual inspection of satellite images of Dichato were used to classify the damage to housing. A practical method suitable when there are limitations on available data for numerical simulation or damage evaluation from surveys is presented here. This study is the first application of tsunami fragility curves on the South American Pacific coast and it might be of practical use for communities with similar characteristics along the west Pacific coast. The proposed curve suggests that structures in Dichato will be severely damaged – with a 68% probability – already at 2 m tsunami inundation depth.

scholarly journals Developing tsunami fragility curves based on the satellite remote sensing and the numerical modeling of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Thailand

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Suppasri ◽  
S. Koshimura ◽  
F. Imamura
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images ◽  
Tsunami Fragility

Abstract. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami damaged and destroyed numerous buildings and houses in Thailand. Estimation of tsunami impact to buildings from this event and evaluation of the potential risks are important but still in progress. The tsunami fragility curve is a function used to estimate the structural fragility against tsunami hazards. This study was undertaken to develop fragility curves using visual inspection of high-resolution satellite images (IKONOS) taken before and after tsunami events to classify whether the buildings were destroyed or not based on the remaining roof. Then, a tsunami inundation model is created to reconstruct the tsunami features such as inundation depth, current velocity, and hydrodynamic force of the event. It is assumed that the fragility curves are expressed as normal or lognormal distribution functions and the estimation of the median and log-standard deviation is performed using least square fitting. From the results, the developed fragility curves for different types of building materials (mixed type, reinforced concrete and wood) show consistent performance in damage probability and when compared to the existing curves for other locations.

TSUNAMI HAZARD AND BUILDING DAMAGE ASSESSMENT IN THAILAND USING NUMERICAL MODEL AND FRAGILITY CURVES

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (05) ◽  
pp. 1250028 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANAWAT SUPPASRI ◽  
FUMIHIKO IMAMURA ◽  
SHUNICHI KOSHIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Tsunami Height ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images ◽  
Tsunami Fragility ◽  
2004 Tsunami ◽  
Inundation Model

Assessing the hazard and damage of a potential tsunami is an ongoing challenge in tsunami research. This study begins by simulating tsunami hazards using historical events. A tsunami propagation model is used to obtain the estimated maximum tsunami height along the west coast of Thailand for a rough return period, and rupture locations that have the potential to generate catastrophic tsunamis in Thailand for a specific return period are proposed. A tsunami inundation model is then performed to quantify each building's maximum inundation depth, using high-resolution satellite images to extract each building's location for the areas of interest located in southern Thailand. Nam Khem village and Patong beach are selected as study areas to represent village communities and tourist attractions, respectively. The model results are then used to obtain the numbers of exposed inhabitants and buildings for each earthquake return period. The developed tsunami fragility curves are applied to these figures to determine the number of potentially damaged buildings. The analysis suggests that the propagation model can be used to obtain rough estimations because it provided results similar to those of the inundation model. However, material type must be considered when fragility curves are used in a different country (i.e. reinforced concrete buildings in Thailand from the 2004 tsunami and wooden houses in Japan from the 2011 East Japan tsunami).

scholarly journals Development of a Practical Evaluation Method for Tsunami Debris and Its Accumulation

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 858
Author(s):  
Kentaro Imai ◽  
Takashi Hashimoto ◽  
Yuta Mitobe ◽  
Tatsuo Masuta ◽  
Narumi Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Fragility Function ◽  
Inundation Area ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Accumulation Trend

Tsunami-related fires may occur in the inundation area during a huge tsunami disaster, and woody debris produced by the tsunami can cause the fires to spread. To establish a practical method for evaluating tsunami-related fire predictions, we previously developed a method for evaluating the tsunami debris thickness distribution that uses tsunami computation results and static parameters for tsunami numerical analysis. We then used this evaluation method to successfully reproduce the tsunami debris accumulation trend. We then developed an empirical building fragility function that relates the production of debris not only to inundation depth but also to the topographic gradient and the proportion of robust buildings. Using these empirical evaluation models, along with conventional tsunami numerical analysis data, we carried out a practical tsunami debris prediction for Owase City, Mie Prefecture, a potential disaster area for a Nankai Trough mega-earthquake. This prediction analysis method can reveal hazards which go undetected by a conventional tsunami inundation analysis. These results indicate that it is insufficient to characterize the tsunami hazard by inundation area and inundation depth alone when predicting the hazard of a huge tsunami; moreover, more practically, it is necessary to predict the hazard based on the effect of tsunami debris.

scholarly journals Perceptions of 'Srem Folk Fest' participants according to cultural tourism preferences

Turizam ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Srđan Timotijević ◽  
Maja Mijatov ◽  
Milena Sekulić
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
National Commission ◽  
South American ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Past ◽  
African Youth ◽  
The Town ◽  
Culture Tradition ◽  
The Sava River

"Srem Folk Fest" has become one of the most popular and significant international folklore festivals in this part of the Balkans since 2004. For the past 16 years, a town Sremska Mitrovica was a host city for European, Asian, South American and African youth. Besides its historical importance, this town on the Sava river could also be considered as the promoter of culture, tradition and folklore of its guests. Each year, the artistic stylization of folklore stage is accompanied by about 20000 visitors during the four festival nights. In 2015, "Srem Folk Fest" was added to the calendar of events of the International Council of Organizations of Folklore Festivals and Folk Arts (CIOFF). The Festival is also recognized by the Serbian National Commission for UNESCO as the keeper of the intangible cultural heritage. One of the main tasks of the paper is related to the need of considering potential and participants' intentions to repeat their visit, as well as of improving the offer and promotion of the town and its surroundings. The aim of the paper is to analyze the data obtained in the context of the behavior and preferences of participants/respondents, to determine the specificity of their role and thus to make a recommendation for creating even better offer. Considering the respondents from 10 countries, the result is especially significant in the form of improving the image of Serbia, as well as their preferences for getting to know rural areas and cultural features. The study contains the survey research, while gained results might provide a good basis for further organization in accordance with their expectations. In addition, the results could also find practical implication in terms of providing basic information necessary to expand this event within the surrounding area of Sremska Mitrovica.

Fabrication of Platinum-Gold Alloys in Pre-Hispanic South America: Issues of Temperature and Microstructure Control.

1990 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Handwerker ◽  
Heather N. Lechtman ◽  
Ryna B. Marinenko ◽  
David S. Bright ◽  
Dale E. Newbury
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
South America ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Western World ◽  
South American ◽  
Gold Alloys ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

AbstractPlatinum and platinum-gold metallurgy was fully developed by smiths in the Esmeraldas-Tumaco Pacific coast area of present day Ecuador and Colombia long before the arrival of Europeans in South America and centuries before platinum metallurgy became practicable in the Western world. Using gold to sinter together nuggets of native placer platinum, then alternately working and annealing the resultant solid, these South American smiths produced hard, fairly homogeneous platinum-gold alloys of a range of colors for fabrication into items of adornment, and small tools, such as needles, tweezers, awls, and fishhooks.The microstructures and compositions of sintered Pt-Au objects from La Tolita, Ecuador, and of experimentally simulated Pt-Au alloy samples were analyzed using new electron microprobe microanalysis (EPMA) techniques and data from the Pt-Au phase diagram in an effort to determine the fabrication temperatures used by Pre-Hispanic South American smiths. A comparison of EPMA results from the simulated materials with the corresponding results from the La Tolita Pt-Au objects suggests that the Pt-Au objects were never heated as high as 1100°C and probably never contained a liquid phase. As illustrated by this comparison, the qualitative and quantitative information provided by these new digital acquisition and display techniques far exceeds what conventional line scan and x-ray dot maps could provide.

scholarly journals First documented records of Black-throated Flower-piercer, Diglossa brunneiventris (Lafresnaye, 1846) (Aves, Thraupidae), and Least Tern, Sternula antillarum (Lesson, 1847) (Aves, Laridae), on the southern coast of Peru

Check List ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-405
Author(s):  
Yuri A. Peña ◽  
Luis Gonzalo Cano ◽  
R. Rodrigo Mena ◽  
Alberto Cáceres
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
Least Tern ◽  
Frequent Visitor

We report Black-throated Flower-piercer, Diglossa brunneiventris (Lafresnaye, 1846), and Least Tern, Sternula antillarum (Lesson, 1847), in the Tambo river estuary, Islay province, Arequipa department, Peru. Both species are newly documented from the southern coast of Peru. It is probable that D. brunneiventris has descended from the higher, inland portion of the Tambo river basin to the estuary. Sternula antillarum is considered a frequent visitor to the South American Pacific coast.

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