scholarly journals Drought risk in the Bolivian Altiplano associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation using satellite imagery data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Canedo-Rosso ◽  
Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler ◽  
Georg Pflug ◽  
Bruno Condori ◽  
Ronny Berndtsson
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Bolivian Altiplano ◽  
Imagery Data

Abstract. Drought is a major natural hazard in the Bolivian Altiplano that causes large losses to farmers, especially during positive ENSO phases. However, empirical data for drought risk estimation purposes are scarce and spatially uneven distributed. Due to these limitations, similar to many other regions in the world, we tested the performance of satellite imagery data for providing precipitation and temperature data. The results show that droughts can be better predicted using a combination of satellite imagery and ground-based available data. Consequently, the satellite climate data were associated with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in order to evaluate the crop production variability. Moreover, NDVI was used to target specific drought hotspot regions. Furthermore, during positive ENSO phase (El Niño years), a significant decrease in crop yields can be expected and we indicate areas where losses will be most pronounced. The results can be used for emergency response operations and enable a pro-active approach to disaster risk management against droughts. This includes economic-related and risk reduction strategies such as insurance and irrigation.

scholarly journals Early warning and drought risk assessment for the Bolivian Altiplano agriculture using high resolution satellite imagery data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Canedo Rosso ◽  
Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler ◽  
Georg Pflug ◽  
Bruno Condori ◽  
Ronny Berndtsson
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Bolivian Altiplano ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Imagery ◽  
Imagery Data

Abstract. Implementation of agriculturally related early warning systems is fundamental for the management of droughts. Additionally, risk-based approaches are superior in tackling future drought hazards. Due to data-scarcity in many regions, high resolution satellite imagery data are becoming widely used. Focusing on ENSO warm and cold phases, we employ a risk-based approach for drought assessment in the Bolivian Altiplano using satellite imagery data and application of an early warning system. We use a newly established high resolution satellite dataset and test its accuracy as well as performance to similar (but with less resolution) datasets available for the Bolivian Altiplano. It is shown that during the El Niño years (warm ENSO phase), the result is great difference in risk and crop yield. Furthermore, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can be used to target specific hot spots on a very local scale. As a consequence, ENSO early warning forecasts as well as possible magnitudes of crop deficits could be established by the government, including an identification of possible hotspots during the growing season. Our approach therefore should not only help in determining the magnitude of assistance needed for farmers on the local scale but also enable a pro-active approach to disaster risk management against droughts that can include economic-related instruments such as insurance as well as risk reduction instruments such as irrigation.

scholarly journals Drought impact in the Bolivian Altiplano agriculture associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation using satellite imagery data

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-1010
Author(s):  
Claudia Canedo-Rosso ◽  
Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler ◽  
Georg Pflug ◽  
Bruno Condori ◽  
Ronny Berndtsson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Bolivian Altiplano

Abstract. Drought is a major natural hazard in the Bolivian Altiplano that causes large agricultural losses. However, the drought effect on agriculture varies largely on a local scale due to diverse factors such as climatological and hydrological conditions, sensitivity of crop yield to water stress, and crop phenological stage among others. To improve the knowledge of drought impact on agriculture, this study aims to classify drought severity using vegetation and land surface temperature data, analyse the relationship between drought and climate anomalies, and examine the spatio-temporal variability of drought using vegetation and climate data. Empirical data for drought assessment purposes in this area are scarce and spatially unevenly distributed. Due to these limitations we used vegetation, land surface temperature (LST), precipitation derived from satellite imagery, and gridded air temperature data products. Initially, we tested the performance of satellite precipitation and gridded air temperature data on a local level. Then, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and LST were used to classify drought events associated with past El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases. It was found that the most severe drought events generally occur during a positive ENSO phase (El Niño years). In addition, we found that a decrease in vegetation is mainly driven by low precipitation and high temperature, and we identified areas where agricultural losses will be most pronounced under such conditions. The results show that droughts can be monitored using satellite imagery data when ground data are scarce or of poor data quality. The results can be especially beneficial for emergency response operations and for enabling a proactive approach to disaster risk management against droughts.

scholarly journals El Nino-Southern Oscillation Influences on Food Security

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Olivia Muza
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Strategic Partnerships

El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most recurrent change in climate impacting agriculture productivity and food security. This study investigates ENSO impacts on four cereal crops (maize, millet, sorghum and wheat) using crop production and climate datasets spanning the years 1960-2015. The results of this study reveal that during El Nino (La Nina) maize, sorghum and wheat production decreases (increases) while that of millet increases (decreases). Even though, the correlation is statistically significant for maize only, the outcome is a call to review the macro-food policy taking into account ENSO-related phase effects to redress food insecurity. The study recommends incentives for agricultural productivity including irrigation intensification and small grain value chain development, trade and food security arrangements, income generation opportunities and strategic partnerships for improved food and nutrition security.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAMPAK ENSO (EL-NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION) TERHADAP TINGKAT KEKERINGAN UNTUK TANAMAN PANGAN DAN PALAWIJA (STUDI KASUS : SULAWESI SELATAN)

Agromet ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Yon Sugiarto ◽  
Dori Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Enso Event ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Weather Changes

<p>Weather and climate variability is a long-term weather changes that are characterized by fluctuations and deviations from normal conditions. One possible cause is the ENSO (El-Nino Southern Oscillation) which affected in drought events. This research was conducted to determine and analyze the level of drought in South Sulawesi due to the influence of ENSO and compare the production of food crops and secondary food crops in normal years and ENSO.<br />Drought index is calculated based on the Palmer method by using data of rainfall, air temperature and soil moisture as input. Based on the calculations using the method of Palmer drought index, the regions with monsoon rain patterns have a range of values between -22.71 drought until 18:23, Equatorial patterns ranging from -4.03 to 5:07, and on local patterns ranged<br />from -8.57 until 10:07. Verification test results on the drought index of crop production data showed that each ENSO event is always followed by a decline in rice production, especially of rice fields. Food crop production generally tends to increase at each ENSO event because most crops are plants that are resistant to drought, particularly local varieties that have adapted well to their environment. Thus, the drought caused by the influence of ENSO can affect the production of food crops and secondary food crops.</p>

El Niño Southern Oscillation and decadal climate variability impacts on crop yields and adaptation value.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (43) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Minglu Wang ◽  
◽  
Yu-Kai Huang ◽  
Muxi Cheng ◽  
Bingru Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Decadal Climate Variability ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Decadal Climate

Ocean-atmospheric phenomena (OAP) have been found to be associated with regional climate variability and, in turn, agricultural production. Previous research has shown that advance information on OAP and its climate implications could provide valuable opportunities to adjust agriculture practices. In this study, we review OAP effects on crop yields, covering both shorter-term El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and longer-term ocean-related decadal climate variability (DCV) phenomena, such as Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the Tropical Atlantic Gradient (TAG), and the West Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP). We review both statistical approaches and simulation models that have been used to assess OAP impacts on crop yields. Findings show heterogeneous impacts across crops, regions, OAP phases, and seasons. Evidence also indicates that more frequent and extreme OAP phases would damage agriculture. However, economic gains could be achieved via adaptation strategies responding to the early release of OAP phase information. Discussions on current knowledge gaps and future research issues are included.

scholarly journals The Value of El Niño-Southern Oscillation Forecasts to China’s Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaling Li ◽  
Fujin Yi ◽  
Yanjun Wang ◽  
Richard Gudaj
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Bayesian Decision

This study aims to estimate the value of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasting to China’s agricultural sector. This study applies the Weibull distribution to model crop yields under different ENSO phases. Under the framework of Bayesian decision theory, this research pioneers the application of China’s Agricultural Sector Model to translate the yield effects resulting from ENSO variations into economic effects. Results show that ENSO exerts noticeable and heterogeneous effects on crop yields over selected crops across different regions. In addition, ENSO forecasting is useful for farmers’ cropping decisions and positively impacts economic surplus. The findings present that the value of this information is generally positive and rises with improved forecast accuracy, with the value of perfect forecasting estimated to be as substantial as CNY 3168 million. However, the value of ENSO forecasting is relatively small in the context of China’s tremendous agricultural output. This study is the first to evaluate the value of ENSO forecasting to China’s agriculture sector and has critical implications for the promotion of a Chinese ENSO forecast system.

Effects of ENSO-linked climate and vegetation on population dynamics of sympatric rodent species in semiarid grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 678-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jiang ◽  
T. Zhao ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
L. Xu ◽  
G. Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Precipitation Temperature ◽  
Rodent Abundance

El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) linked climate has been known to be associated with several rodent species, but its effects on rodent community at both spatial and temporal scales are not well studied. In this study, we investigated the possible causal chain relating ENSO, precipitation, temperature, and vegetation index (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) to rodent abundance for 14 sympatric rodent species in 21 counties of semiarid grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China, from 1982 to 2006. We found that both precipitation and temperature showed a generally direct positive effect on rodent abundance in many species in the current year, but indirect effects that operate through NDVI in the current or following year could have a reverse effect on abundance. We described one ENSO-linked precipitation bottom-up chain and three ENSO-linked temperature bottom-up chains. These observed bottom-up links reveal that in El Niño years, or 1 year after La Niña years, or 2 years after El Niño years, ENSO-driven climate or vegetation factors tend to increase population abundances of many sympatric rodent species in this region. We also found time-lag effects and the life-history strategy (i.e., functional groups of hibernating behavior, activity rhythm, or food habits) also contribute to the observed complicated effects of SOI on precipitation, temperature, NDVI, and ultimately rodent abundance.

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