Developing an early warning system for storm surge inundation in the Philippines

Abstract. A storm surge is the sudden rise of sea water generated by an approaching storm, over and above the astronomical tides. This event imposes a major threat in the Philippine coastal areas, as manifested by Typhoon Haiyan on 8 November 2013 where more than 6000 people lost their lives. It has become evident that the need to develop an early warning system for storm surges is of utmost importance. To provide forecasts of the possible storm surge heights of an approaching typhoon, the Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards under the Department of Science and Technology (DOST-Project NOAH) simulated historical tropical cyclones that entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility. Bathymetric data, storm track, central atmospheric pressure, and maximum wind speed were used as parameters for the Japan Meteorological Agency Storm Surge Model. The researchers calculated the frequency distribution of maximum storm surge heights of all typhoons under a specific Public Storm Warning Signal (PSWS) that passed through a particular coastal area. This determines the storm surge height corresponding to a given probability of occurrence. The storm surge heights from the model were added to the maximum astronomical tide data from WXTide software. The team then created maps of probable area inundation and flood levels of storm surges along coastal areas for a specific PSWS using the results of the frequency distribution. These maps were developed from the time series data of the storm tide at 10 min intervals of all observation points in the Philippines. This information will be beneficial in developing early warnings systems, static maps, disaster mitigation and preparedness plans, vulnerability assessments, risk-sensitive land use plans, shoreline defense efforts, and coastal protection measures. Moreover, these will support the local government units' mandate to raise public awareness, disseminate information about storm surge hazards, and implement appropriate counter-measures for a given PSWS.

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The Level of Public Acceptance to the Development of a Coastal Flooding Early Warning System in Jakarta

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13020566 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 566

Author(s):

Nelly Florida Riama ◽

Riri Fitri Sari ◽

Henita Rahmayanti ◽

Widada Sulistya ◽

Mohamad Husein Nurrahmat

Keyword(s):

Path Analysis ◽

Early Warning ◽

Early Warning System ◽

Warning System ◽

Coastal Flooding ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Public Acceptance ◽

Community Attitudes ◽

Early Warning Model ◽

Warning Model

Coastal flooding is a natural disaster that often occurs in coastal areas. Jakarta is an example of a location that is highly vulnerable to coastal flooding. Coastal flooding can result in economic and human life losses. Thus, there is a need for a coastal flooding early warning system in vulnerable locations to reduce the threat to the community and strengthen its resilience to coastal flooding disasters. This study aimed to measure the level of public acceptance toward the development of a coastal flooding early warning system of people who live in a coastal region in Jakarta. This knowledge is essential to ensure that the early warning system can be implemented successfully. A survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to people in the coastal areas of Jakarta. The questionnaire results were analyzed using cross-tabulation and path analysis based on the variables of knowledge, perceptions, and community attitudes towards the development of a coastal flooding early warning system. The survey result shows that the level of public acceptance is excellent, as proven by the average score of the respondents’ attitude by 4.15 in agreeing with the establishment of an early warning system to manage coastal flooding. Thus, path analysis shows that knowledge and perception have a weak relationship with community attitudes when responding to the coastal flooding early warning model. The results show that only 23% of the community’s responses toward the coastal flooding early warning model can be explained by the community’s knowledge and perceptions. This research is expected to be useful in implementing a coastal flooding early warning system by considering the level of public acceptance.

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First Approach of a Storm Surge Early Warning System for Santos Region

Climate Change in Santos Brazil: Projections, Impacts and Adaptation Options ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-96535-2_7 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 135-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Renan Braga Ribeiro ◽

Alexandra Franciscatto Penteado Sampaio ◽

Matheus Souza Ruiz ◽

José Chambel Leitão ◽

Paulo Chambel Leitão

Keyword(s):

Storm Surge ◽

Early Warning ◽

Early Warning System ◽

Warning System

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Anduyog: A web-based application for relief and casualty monitoring and early warning system for local government units in the Philippines

2017 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP) ◽

10.1109/tenconspring.2017.8070002 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ramon L. Rodriguez ◽

Elcid A. Serrano ◽

Ariel Kelly D. Balan

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Early Warning ◽

Early Warning System ◽

Warning System ◽

The Philippines ◽

Web Based ◽

Monitoring And Early Warning

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Topographical Analysis of the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan Storm Surge Flooding by Combining the JMA Storm Surge Model and the FLO-2D Flood Inundation Model

Water ◽

10.3390/w11010144 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 144 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lea Dasallas ◽

Seungsoo Lee

Keyword(s):

Storm Surge ◽

Fluid Velocity ◽

The Philippines ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Japan Meteorological Agency ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Validation Data ◽

Synthetic Aperture Radar Data ◽

Topographical Analysis ◽

Surge Flooding

The floods associated with the effects of an incoming tropical cyclone have an immense effect in the Philippines, especially with respect to agriculture, industry, livelihood, and public safety. Knowledge of how such storm surge flooding can affect the community is therefore of great importance. In this study, the mechanisms behind Typhoon Haiyan’s anomalous storm surge flooding in 2013, which resulted in more than 6300 casualties and 2.86 billion USD worth of damage in the Philippines, were investigated. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) storm surge model and the FLO-2D flood model were used to simulate Typhoon Haiyan’s storm surge height and the extent of inundation, respectively. The storm surge input data were obtained from JMA typhoon data, and the digital terrain models used were gathered from the airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar data. The model’s accuracy was also validated using field validation data of the extent of the observed storm surge in affected coastal areas. Topographical analysis of the inundated regions showed the effects of coastal shape, elevation, and position relative to the typhoon’s approach angle on storm surge flow depth and velocity. Storm surge maximum velocity appears to increase as the fluid flows to an increasingly elevated area. Observing fluid velocity in a coastal area with uniform storm surge discharge from all directions also showed that flow velocity tends to increase at the center. Greater flood depths were experienced in areas with lower coastal elevation and not directly located at the coast, compared to higher elevation coastal areas. Greater extents of storm surge flooding are expected in coastal areas that have a concave shape, as fluid is more likely to be dispersed when hitting a convex coast. Extents are likewise observed to be greater in coastal regions that are located perpendicular to the direction of the typhoon. The research also validated the option of using a combination of typhoon and flood models to simulate the inundation flooding caused by extreme weather events.

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Gap Assessment of Warning and Dissemination Process of Early Warning System in Coastal Areas of Sri Lanka

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering - ICSBE 2018 ◽

10.1007/978-981-13-9749-3_4 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 36-44

Author(s):

H. M. S. S. Hippola ◽

E. M. S. D. Jayasooriya ◽

G. P. Jayasiri ◽

Chameera Randil ◽

Chamal Perera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Early Warning ◽

Early Warning System ◽

Warning System ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Dissemination Process

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Development of an operational coastal flooding early warning system

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-12-379-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 379-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

D.-J. Doong ◽

L. Z.-H. Chuang ◽

L.-C. Wu ◽

Y.-M. Fan ◽

C. C. Kao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Storm Surge ◽

Early Warning ◽

System Integration ◽

Early Warning System ◽

Warning System ◽

Wave Model ◽

Warning Signal ◽

Coastal Flooding ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Astronomical Tide

Abstract. Coastal floods are a consistent threat to oceanfront countries, causing major human suffering and substantial economic losses. Climate change is exacerbating the problem. An early warning system is essential to mitigate the loss of life and property from coastal flooding. The purpose of this study is to develop a coastal flooding early warning system (CoFEWs) by integrating existing sea-state monitoring technology, numerical ocean forecasting models, historical database and experiences, as well as computer science. The proposed system has capability of offering data for the past, information for the present and future. The system was developed for the Taiwanese coast due to its frequent threat by typhoons. An operational system without any manual work is the basic requirement of the system. Integration of various data sources is the system kernel. Numerical ocean models play an important role within the system because they provide data for assessment of possible flooding. The regional wave model (SWAN) that nested with the large domain wave model (NWW III) is operationally set up for coastal wave forecasting, in addition to the storm surge predicted by a POM model. Data assimilation technology is incorporated for enhanced accuracy. A warning signal is presented when the storm water level that accumulated from astronomical tide, storm surge, and wave-induced run-up exceeds the alarm sea level. This warning system has been in practical use for coastal flooding damage mitigation in Taiwan for years. An example of the system operation during the Typhoon Haitung which struck Taiwan in 2005 is illustrated in this study.

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