scholarly journals Recent trends in daily rainfall extremes over Montenegro (1951–2010)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 2347-2377 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Burić ◽  
J. Luković ◽  
B. Bajat ◽  
M. Kilibarda ◽  
V. Ducić
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Intense Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Extremes ◽  
Expert Team ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract. More intense rainfall may cause a range of negative impacts upon society and the environment. In this study we analyzed trends in extreme ETCCDI (Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices) rainfall indices in Montenegro for the period 1951–2010. Montenegro has been poorly studied in terms of rainfall extremes, yet it contains the wettest Mediterranean region known as Krivošije. Several indices of precipitation extremes were assessed including the number of dry days and rainfall totals, and their trends to identify possible changes. The results generally suggest that the number of days with precipitation decreased while rainfall intensity increased particularly in south-western parts of the country. A slight tendency towards intense rainfall events is suggested. Calculated trends for each index are spatially presented and examined using a plotGoogleMaps software package. This study also examined spatial pattern of relationship between extreme rainfall indices and North Atlantic Oscillation. Results suggested negative, mainly statistically significant correlations at annual, winter and autumn scale.

Extreme rainfall events during and following heatwaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Sauter ◽  
Christopher White ◽  
Hayley Fowler ◽  
Seth Westra
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Extremes ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
The Impact

<p>Heatwaves and extreme rainfall events are natural hazards that can have severe impacts on society. The relationship between temperature and extreme rainfall has received scientific attention with studies focussing on how single daily or sub-daily rainfall extremes are related to day-to-day temperature variability. However, the impact multi-day heatwaves have on sub-daily extreme rainfall events and how extreme rainfall properties change during different stages of a heatwave remains mostly unexplored.</p><p>In this study, we analyse sub-daily rainfall records across Australia, a country that experiences severe natural hazards on a frequent basis, and determine their extreme rainfall properties, such as rainfall intensity, duration and frequency during SH-summer heatwaves. These properties are then compared to extreme rainfall properties found outside heatwaves, but during the same time of year, to examine to what extent they differ from normal conditions. We also conduct a spatial analysis to investigate any spatial patterns that arise.</p><p>We find that rainfall breaking heatwaves is often more extreme than average rainfall during the same time of year. This is especially prominent on the eastern and south-eastern Australian coast, where frequency and intensity of sub-daily rainfall extremes show an increase during the last day or the day immediately after a heatwave. We also find that although during heatwaves the average rainfall amount and duration decreases, there is an increase in sub-daily rainfall intensity when compared to conditions outside heatwaves. This implies that even though Australian heatwaves are generally characterised by dry conditions, rainfall occurrences within heatwaves are more intense.</p><p>Both heatwaves and extreme rainfall events pose great challenges for many sectors such as agriculture, and especially if they occur together. Understanding how and to what degree these events co-occur could help mitigate the impacts caused by them.</p>

scholarly journals Recent trends in daily rainfall extremes over Montenegro (1951–2010)

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2069-2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Burić ◽  
J. Luković ◽  
B. Bajat ◽  
M. Kilibarda ◽  
N. Živković
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Intense Rainfall ◽  
The North ◽  
Rainfall Extremes ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract. More intense rainfall may cause a range of negative impacts upon society and the environment. In this study we analysed trends in extreme ETCCDI (Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices) rainfall indices in Montenegro for the period between 1951 and 2010. Montenegro has been poorly studied in terms of rainfall extremes, yet it contains the wettest Mediterranean region known as Krivošije. Several indices of precipitation extremes were assessed including the number of dry days and rainfall totals in order to identify trends and possible changes. A spatial pattern relationship between extreme rainfall indices and the North Atlantic Oscillation has also been examined. The results generally suggest that the number of days with precipitation decreased while rainfall intensity increased, particularly in south-western parts of the country. A slight tendency towards intense rainfall events is suggested. The examined rainfall indices and North Atlantic Oscillation over Montenegro seemed to be directly linked to changes in one of the major large-scale circulation modes such as the NAO pattern that is particularly evident during the winter season.

scholarly journals Variability and trends in extreme rainfall over India

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-766
Author(s):  
A. K. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
G. P. SINGH ◽  
O. P. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
North Central ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Increasing Trends

This study has been attempted to investigate the seasonal and annual trends and variations in the occurrence of extreme rainfall over different Indian region and India as a whole. Trends and variations are examined on the basis of following parameters (i) frequency and magnitude of extreme rainfall intensity (ERI) and its contribution in total rainfall (ii) highest rainfall events (iii) frequency of extreme rainfall events and days (iv) frequency of rainfall events and days with daily rainfall above 100 mm and 200 mm in a grid box (1° × 1°) over different Indian regions and India as a whole. Daily gridded rainfall data from India Meteorological Department (IMD) available at 1° × 1° resolution has been used to examine trends and variations associated with extreme rainfall events. Based on the long term 95 and 99 percentile values of daily total /maximum rainfall as a threshold for extreme rainfall intensity/events of category 1 and category 2 respectively, the trends and variations in above mentioned parameters are analyzed for the periods 1951-2007, 1951-1980 and 1981-2007.  The magnitude of highest intensity rainfall is increased over country as a whole and over peninsular India; it is found to be increased by 1% during 1981-2007 as compared to period 1951-1980. The frequency of extreme rainfall intensity (ERI) days of category 1 is found to be significant increasing (0.4 days/decade) over north central region and significant decreasing trend is found over north east region (0.5 days/decade) during the pre-monsoon season. The magnitude of 24 hours highest rainfall in a grid box is found to be significant increasing over all regions under consideration except over north east and south peninsular regions. Over the last ten years period of the present study, most of the 24 hours highest rainfall events in a grid box are seen over west peninsular region. Generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted with annual highest rainfall event over the country as a whole and over different Indian region indicates an increase in magnitude of most probable 24 hours highest rainfall in a grid box during second half of the  study period over north central region of the country. Analysis also reveals an increase in frequency and severity of extreme rainfall over north west, north central and west peninsular regions during the period of 1981-2007 as compared to 1950-1980.                 Annual frequency of days and events with extreme rainfall of both categories is increased most significantly over country during the period of present study (1951-2007). Significant increasing trends in frequency of days with extreme rainfall of both categories is noticed only during the monsoon season while extreme rainfall events showed increasing trends during monsoon and winter season over country as a whole. Number of days and events with daily rainfall in any grid box above 100 mm and 200 mm is observed to be significantly increased over the country. Out of six regions, significant increasing trends  in annual number of days with rainfall above 100 mm in a grid box is observed over north central and north east  regions and for rainfall above 200 mm significant increase is observed over north west and north central regions.

The Influence of Geographical Factors on Extreme Rainfalls in Lampung Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
M Welly
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Design Flood ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Ungauged Basin ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Design Rainfall ◽  
Geographical Factors

Many people in Indonesia calculate design rainfall before calculating the design flooddischarge. The design rainfall with a certain return period will eventually be convertedinto a design flood discharge by combining it with the characteristics of the watershed.However, the lack of a network of rainfall recording stations makes many areas that arenot hydrologically measured (ungauged basin), so it is quite difficult to know thecharacteristics of rain in the area concerned. This study aims to analyze thecharacteristics of design rainfall in Lampung Province. The focus of the analysis is toinvestigate whether geographical factors influence the design rainfall that occurs in theparticular area. The data used in this study is daily rainfall data from 15 rainfallrecording stations spread in Lampung Province. The method of frequency analysis usedin this study is the Gumbel method. The research shows that the geographical location ofan area does not have significant effect on extreme rainfall events. The effect of risingearth temperatures due to natural exploitation by humans tends to be stronger as a causeof extreme events such as extreme rainfall.Keywords: Influence, geographical, factors, extreme, rainfall.

scholarly journals TRMM rainfall estimative coupled with Bell (1969) methodology for extreme rainfall characterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 369 ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Schiavo Bernardi ◽  
D. Allasia ◽  
R. Basso ◽  
P. Freitas Ferreira ◽  
R. Tassi
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Remote Sensors ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Equation Error ◽  
Convective Cells

Abstract. The lack of rainfall data in Brazil, and, in particular, in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), hinders the understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, especially in the case of the more complex extreme events. In this context, rainfall's estimation from remote sensors is seen as alternative to the scarcity of rainfall gauges. However, as they are indirect measures, such estimates needs validation. This paper aims to verify the applicability of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite information for extreme rainfall determination in RS. The analysis was accomplished at different temporal scales that ranged from 5 min to daily rainfall while spatial distribution of rainfall was investigated by means of regionalization. An initial test verified TRMM rainfall estimative against measured rainfall at gauges for 1998–2013 period considering different durations and return periods (RP). Results indicated that, for the RP of 2, 5, 10 and 15 years, TRMM overestimated on average 24.7% daily rainfall. As TRMM minimum time-steps is 3 h, in order to verify shorter duration rainfall, the TRMM data were adapted to fit Bell's (1969) generalized IDF formula (based on the existence of similarity between the mechanisms of extreme rainfall events as they are associated to convective cells). Bell`s equation error against measured precipitation was around 5–10%, which varied based on location, RP and duration while the coupled BELL+TRMM error was around 10–35%. However, errors were regionally distributed, allowing a correction to be implemented that reduced by half these values. These findings in turn permitted the use of TRMM+Bell estimates to improve the understanding of spatiotemporal distribution of extreme hydrological rainfall events.

scholarly journals Trend and spatial variability of 1-day extreme rainfall from 1980 - 2015: study at the adminisitrative area of UPT PSDA Pasuruan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Indarto Indarto
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Main Input ◽  
Crossing Test

This study aims to analyze trends,  shift and spatial variability of extreme-rainfall in the area of UPT PSDA Pasuruan. The daily rainfall data from 64 stations from 1980 until 2015 were used as main input. The 1-day extreem rainfall data is determined as the maximum annual of 24-hour rainfall events.  The statistical  analysis using Mann-Kendall, Rank-Sum, and Median Crossing Test using significance level α = 0,05. The spatial variability of extrem rainfall data is described using average annual 24-hour rainfall during the periods of record. Each station is represented by one value. The values are then interpolated using IDW interpolation methods to maps the spatial variability of extreem rainfall event.  The results show the value of statistical test for each stations that show the existing  trend, shift, or randomness of data. The result also produce thematic maps show the spatial variability of extreme rainfall and the value of each trend.

scholarly journals Intensification of Summer Rainfall Extremes over Nigeria during Recent Decades

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1084
Author(s):  
Victor Nnamdi Dike ◽  
Zhao-Hui Lin ◽  
Chikwem Coleman Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Guinea Coast ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Rainfall Extremes ◽  
Expert Team ◽  
Increasing Trends

Rainfall extremes can cause a significant loss of lives and economic losses in Nigeria. This study aims to investigate the trends of summer rainfall extremes over Nigeria with daily station datasets from 1975 to 2013. Using the rainfall extreme indices recommended by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Monitoring Indices (ETCCDMI), it is found that regionally averaged summer total wet-day rainfall amount (PRCPTOT), maximum consecutive 5-day rainfall amount (RX5day), and wet-day rainfall intensity (SDII) have increased in the three climatic regions of Nigeria namely Guinea coast, Sub-Sahel, and the Sahel regions. Meanwhile, heavy rainfall days (R20mm) increased significantly over the Guinea coast and sub-Sahel regions, while the wet-day frequency (RR1) only increased slightly. The increase in PRCPTOT over the two regions is mainly resulting from the increasing intensity and frequency of rainfall extremes. However, the Nigerian Sahel is characterized by a decreasing wet-day frequency, which demonstrates that a large proportion of the increasing PRCPTOT in the region is more associated with intense rainfall than its frequency. These characteristic increasing trends of rainfall extremes may explain the frequent flood events over Nigeria and as such this study may give guidance to stakeholders on how best to cope with it in the future.

scholarly journals Application for Terrestrial LiDAR on Mudstone Erosion Caused by Typhoons

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 2425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeuan-Chang Cheng ◽  
Ci-Jian Yang ◽  
Jiun-Chuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Terrestrial Lidar ◽  
High Gradients ◽  
Scanning Lidar

Storms are important agents for shaping the Earth’s surface and often dominate the landscape evolution of mudstone areas, by rapid erosion and deposition. In our research, we used terrestrial scanning LiDAR (TLS) to detect surface changes in a 30 m in height, 60 m in width mudstone slope. This target slope shows the specific erosion pattern during extreme rainfall events such as typhoons. We investigate two major subjects: (1) how typhoon events impact erosion in the target slope, and (2) how rills develop on the hillslopes during these observation periods. There were three scans obtained in 2011, and converted to two observation periods. The permanent target points (TP) method and DEMs of differences were used to check the accuracy of point cloud. The results showed that the average erosion rate was 5 cm during the dry period in 2011. Following the typhoons, the erosion rate increased 1.4 times to 7 cm and was better correlated with the increase in the rainfall intensity than with general precipitation amounts. The hillslope gradient combined with rainfall intensity played a significant role in the geomorphic process. We found that in areas with over 75° gradients with larger rainfall intensity showed more erosion that at other gradients. The gradient also influenced the rill development, which occurred at middle and low gradients but not at high gradients. The rills also created a transition zone for erosion and deposition at the middle gradient where a minimal change occurred.

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