scholarly journals Distribution of suspended particulate matter at the equatorial transect in the Atlantic Ocean

Ocean Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1421-1435
Author(s):  
Vadim Sivkov ◽  
Ekaterina Bubnova
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Boundary Current ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic ◽  
Nepheloid Layer ◽  
Suspended Particulate

Abstract. A suspended particulate matter distribution against a hydrographical background was studied at the oceanographic transect across the equatorial Atlantic in the year 2000. An area of abnormally high suspended matter volume concentrations was found above the Sierra Leone Rise in the entire water column (eastern part of the transect). The suggested explanation for the anomaly is based on the ballast hypothesis whereby solid particles are incorporated as ballast into suspended biogenic aggregates, leading to increased velocities of sinking. This occurs within the Northwest African upwelling area, where the plankton exposed to the Saharan dust abundance form a significant number of aggregates, which are later transported equatorward via the Canary Current. An intermediate nepheloid layer associated with the Deep Western Boundary Current was recorded from the South American Slope at depths of 3200–3700 to 4300 m above the Para Abyssal Plain. Antarctic Bottom Water enriched in suspended matter was found mostly in the troughs at 40–41∘ W. It was detached from the bottom, coinciding with the core of the flow due to the bottom rise “dam” located up-stream. The grain size of particles along the entire transect has a polymodal distribution with 2–4 and 8–13 µm modes. The registered rise in percentage in some parts of the transect of the 7–21 µm sized particles suggests the presence of the well-known coarse mode (20–60 µm) formed by aggregation of transparent exopolymer particles (mucus).

scholarly journals Distribution of suspended particulate matter at the equatorial transect in the Atlantic Ocean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Sivkov ◽  
Ekaterina Bubnova
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Boundary Current ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic ◽  
Nepheloid Layer ◽  
Suspended Particulate

Abstract. Studied oceanographic transect across the Equatorial Atlantic is considered as a “screenshot” of suspended particulate matter distribution against a hydrographical background. The area of abnormal high suspended matter volume concentrations was found above the Sierra Leone Rise from top to bottom (eastern part of the transect). The suggested explanation for the anomaly is based on the ballast hypothesis whereby solid particles are incorporated as ballast into suspended biogenic aggregates, leading to increased velocities of sinking. This process is located within the Northwest African upwelling area since the plankton exposed to the Saharan dust abundance form a significant number of aggregates lately transported equatorward via Canary Current. The intermediate nepheloid layer associated with the Deep Western Boundary Current was recorded from the American Slope at the 3200–3700 m to the depth of 4300 m above the Para Abyssal Plain. Antarctic Bottom Water enriched in the suspended matter was found mostly in the troughs at 40–41° W. It was detached from the bottom, coinciding with the core of the flow due to the bottom rise (“dam”) located up-stream. The grain size of particles was in accordance with polymodal distribution – the 2–4 μm and the 8–13 μm modes. The registered rise in the percentage of the 7–21 μm-sized particles suggests the presence of the well-known coarse mode (20–60 μm) formed by aggregation of transparent exopolymer particles (mucus).

Distribution and Transport of Suspended Particulate Matter in the Gulf of St. Lawrence

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1517-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Sundby
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Intermediate Layer ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Surface Circulation ◽  
Suspended Particulate

The distribution of suspended matter was studied in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. A three-layer distribution was found. In the surface layer, which was less than 50 m deep, concentrations of suspended matter ranged from 0.10 mgl−1 to 2.9 mgl−1. A relationship to the surface circulation pattern existed with the highest concentrations occurring in the low salinity surface outflow from the estuary. In the intermediate layer, which extended down to about 50 m above bottom, the concentrations of suspended matter ranged from 0.05 mgl−1 to 0.1 mgl−1. The intermediate layer, characterized by these concentrations, was found in all the deep areas of the Gulf. Concentrations of 0.1 mgl−1 to 0.4 mgl−1 were found in the bottom layer, with highest values occurring near the estuary.Budget calculations indicate that 5 × 106 tons/yr of suspended matter enter the Gulf from the rivers, and that erosion of the coastline and reworking of sediments are significant processes which contribute about 10.5 × 106 tons/yr of suspended matter. The net seaward transport at Cabot Strait is estimated as 5.5 × 106 tons/yr.

scholarly journals Distribution of suspended particulate matter in the Barents Sea in late winter 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
S. Buettner ◽  
V. V. Ivanov ◽  
H. Kassens ◽  
N. A. Kusse-Tiuz
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Nepheloid Layer ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Sediment Distribution ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Suspended Particulate

Arctic summer and winter sea-ice extent is continuously declining as a result of climate change, affecting the hydrography and biogeochemical cycles on the seasonally ice-free Eurasian Shelves. The prolongation of the open-water season causes higher sediment resuspension and coastal erosion due to larger wind fetch and wave heights. This impacts the optical properties of the water column and hence biological productivity in this region. During “Transarktika-2019” leg 1 in late winter 2019, a comprehensive dataset of and optical data was collected throughout the central and northern Barents Sea. Combining suspended particulate matter concentrations obtained from water samples and optical data revealed a pronounced bottom nepheloid layer on the Barents Sea shelf even under ice-covered conditions. Moreover, the data indicate that the Franz Viktoria Trough could be a major pathway for sediment transport into the Eurasian Basin. Therefore, to link changes in sediment distribution and its impact on the ecosystem under a warming climate, further studies of sediment dynamics are required, particularly during winter.

The Adsorption and Sedimentation of Clean, Carrier-Free, Yttrium Solutions

1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Mellish ◽  
J.A. Payne ◽  
G. Worrall
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Carrier Free ◽  
Exchange Adsorption ◽  
Vessel Walls

SummaryExperiments on the adsorption and Sedimentation of yttrium solutions have been carried out with solutions containing minimal suspended matter. It has been shown that such clean solutions of 'carrierfree' yttrium can be kept in polystyrene vessels, even at pH = 8 or more, with no Sedimentation taking place, and only a small amount of adsorption on to the vessel walls. It has also been shown that addition of 'Analar' water to such solutions converts the yttrium to a centrifugable form.It is suggested that the 'radiocolloidal' properties of yttrium reported in the literature are due to ion exchange adsorption of yttrium ions on to suspended particulate matter and on to surfaces.

Physical and bacterial processes affecting suspended particulate matter in a tidal river

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-335
Author(s):  
Yasunori Kozuki ◽  
Yoshihiko Hosoi ◽  
Hitoshi Murakami ◽  
Katuhiro Kawamoto
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Tidal River ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Size Change ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
And Behavior

In order to clarify the origin and behavior of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in a tidal river, variation of SPM in a tidal river was investigated with regard to its size and constituents. SPM was separated into three groups according to size. Change of contents of titanium and organic substances of each group of SPM was examined. SPM which was discharged by run-off was transported with decomposition and sedimentation in a tidal river. Concentration of SPM with a particle size greater than 0.45 μm increased due to resuspension in a tidal river. Origin of SPM with a size of less than 0.45 μm at upstream areas was from natural soil and most of such SPM which had been transported settled near a river mouth. It was determined from examination of the CN ratio and the ratio of the number of attached bacteria to free bacteria that SPM with a size greater than 1.0 μm at upstream areas was decomposing intensively. At the downstream areas, SPM with a size of less than 0.45 μm came from the sea. SPM with particle size greater than 1.0 μm consisted of plankton and substances which were decomposed sufficiently while flowing.

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