scholarly journals Field-Test of Wind Turbine by Voltage Source Converter

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Espinoza ◽  
Ola Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Testing Equipment ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Grid Codes ◽  
Wind Energy Development

Abstract. One of the main challenge for the wind energy development is to make the wind turbines efficient in respect of costs while maintaining a safe and reliable operation. An important design criterion is the fulfilment of Grid Codes given by transmission system operators (TSO). The Grid Codes state how wind turbines/farms must behave when connected to the grid in normal and abnormal conditions. In this regard, it is well known that not all the technical requirements can be tested by using the actual impedance-based testing equipment. For this reason, a new type of testing equipment which comprises the use of fully-rated Voltage Source Converter (VSC) in back-to-back configuration is proposed. Thanks to the full controllability of the applied voltage in terms of magnitude, phase and frequency, the use of VSC-based testing equipment, provides more flexibility as compared with actual testing systems. In addition, the AC grid is decoupled from the tested object when performing the test; meaning that the strength of the grid is not a major limitation. Finally, test results of a 4 MW wind turbine and an 8 MW test equipment, located in Gothenburg, Sweden, are shown in order to validate the investigated grid code testing methodology.

scholarly journals Field-test of wind turbine by voltage source converter

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Espinoza ◽  
Ola Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Test Equipment ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
State Tests ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Grid Codes ◽  
Wind Energy Development

Abstract. One of the main challenges for wind energy development is making wind turbines efficient in terms of costs whilst maintaining safe and reliable operation. An important design criterion is to fulfil the grid codes given by the transmission system operators. Grid codes state how wind farms must perform when connected to the grid under normal and abnormal conditions. In this regard, it is well-known that not all technical requirements can be tested by using actual impedance-based test equipment. Therefore, test equipment comprising a fully rated voltage source converter in back-to-back configuration is proposed. Thanks to the full controllability of the applied voltage in terms of magnitude, phase and frequency, the use of voltage-source-converter-based test equipment provides more flexibility compared to actual test systems. As demonstrated in this paper, the investigated test device not only can recreate any type of fault, including its recovery ramp, but also can carry out steady-state tests, such as frequency variations and frequency scan, on the test object. Finally, test results from a 4.1 MW wind turbine and 8 MW test equipment located in Gothenburg, Sweden, are shown to validate the investigated grid code test methodology.

DNV GL Standard for Floating Wind Turbines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lene Haukanes Hopstad ◽  
Kimon Argyriadis ◽  
Andreas Manjock ◽  
Jarett Goldsmith ◽  
Knut O. Ronold
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Floating Structures ◽  
Service Specification ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Floating Wind Turbine ◽  
Damage Stability

The first issue of the DNV Offshore Standard, DNV-OS-J103 Design of Floating Wind Turbine Structures, was published in June 2013. The standard was based on a joint industry effort with representatives from manufacturers, developers, utility companies and certifying bodies from Europe, Asia and the US. The standard represented a condensation of all relevant requirements for floaters in existing DNV standards for the offshore oil and gas industry which were considered relevant also for offshore floating structures for support of wind turbines, supplemented by necessary adaptation to the wind turbine application. The development of the standard capitalized much on experience from development projects going on at the time, in particular the Hywind spar off the coast of western Norway, the WindFloat off the coast of Portugal and the Pelastar TLP concept. In July 2018, DNV GL published a revision of DNV-OS-J103 as a part of the harmonization of the DNV GL codes for the wind turbine industry after the merger between Det Norske Veritas (DNV) and Germanischer Lloyd (GL) in the fall of 2013. The standard was re-issued as DNVGL-ST-0119 Floating wind turbine structures. This new revision reflects the experience gained after the first issue in 2013 as well as the current trends within the industry. Since 2013, numerous guidelines addressing the design of floating structures for offshore wind turbines have been published by various certifying bodies, and an IEC technical specification on the subject is under way. In addition, several prototypes have been installed and the first small array of floating wind turbines, Hywind Scotland pilot park, are currently in operation. The most important updates in the revision of the standard include formulation of floater-specific load cases, requirements to be fulfilled to support the exemption for design of unmanned floaters with damage stability, and replacement of current consequence-class based requirements for design fatigue factors with low-consequence based factors dependent on the accessibility for inspection and repair, the aim being a safety level against fatigue similar to that which is currently targeted for bottom-fixed structures. Other topics which have been considered in the revision are the floater motion control system and its possible integration with the control and protection system for the wind turbine, the issue of how to deal with slack in tendons in the station keeping system, corrosion, anchor design and power cable design. In parallel to the revision of the standard, a new service specification for certification of floating wind turbines has been developed by DNV GL, identified as DNVGL-SE-0422 Certification of floating wind turbines. For technical requirements, the service specification refers to the revised standard, DNVGL-ST-0119. The technical paper summarizes the updates and changes in the revised standard, in addition to the content of the new service specification.

scholarly journals Development of a Voltage Compensation Type Active SFCL and Its Application for Transient Performance Enhancement of a PMSG-Based Wind Turbine System

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Hongkun Chen ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Huiwen He
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Test System ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Wind Turbine System ◽  
Voltage Compensation

Considering the rapid development of high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials, superconducting power applications have attracted more and more attention in the power industry, particularly for electrical systems including renewable energy. This paper conducts experimental tests on a voltage compensation type active superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) prototype and explores the SFCL’s application in a permanent-magnet synchronous generator- (PMSG-) based wind turbine system. The SFCL prototype is composed of a three-phase air-core superconducting transformer and a voltage source converter (VSC) integrated with supercapacitor energy storage. According to the commissioning test and the current-limiting test, the SFCL prototype can automatically suppress the fault current and offer a highly controlled compensation voltage in series with the 132 V electrical test system. To expand the application of the active SFCL in a 10 kW class PMSG-based wind turbine system, digital simulations under different fault cases are performed in MATLAB/Simulink. From the demonstrated simulation results, using the active SFCL can help to maintain the power balance, mitigate the voltage-current fluctuation, and improve the wind energy efficiency. The active SFCL can be regarded as a feasible solution to assist the PMSG-based wind turbine system to achieve low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) operation.

Guideline for Offshore Floating Wind Turbine Structures

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut O. Ronold ◽  
Vigleik L. Hansen ◽  
Marte Godvik ◽  
Einar Landet ◽  
Erik R. Jo̸rgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Floating Wind Turbine ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Offshore Floating Wind Turbine

Floating offshore wind turbines is a field undergoing major development. Several companies and research institutes worldwide are engaged in research programs, pilot projects and even planning of commercial floating wind farms. Developing standards for design of floating wind turbine structures and a framework for prevailing rules are crucial and necessary for the industry to continue to grow. Det Norske Veritas (DNV) is an international provider of offshore standards for both the oil and gas industry and the wind energy industry. The standard DNV-OS-J101 “Design of Offshore Wind Turbine Structures” provides principles, technical requirements and guidance for design, construction and in-service inspection of offshore wind turbine structures. As a first step towards updating this standard to fully cover floating wind turbine structures, a DNV Guideline for Offshore Floating Wind Turbines has been established. This development is based on identification of current floating wind turbine concepts and the guideline includes an evaluation of what is required to make DNV-OS-J101 suitable for floating wind turbine structures. This paper presents the highlights of the new DNV Guideline for Offshore Floating Wind Turbine Structures.

Technology of Offshore Wind Turbines and Farms and Novel Multilevel Converter-Based HVDC Systems for Their Grid Connections

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassilios G. Agelidis ◽  
Christos Mademlis
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Multilevel Converter ◽  
Multilevel Converters ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Hvdc System

The technology associated with offshore wind farms is discussed in detail. First, the various offshore wind turbines are reviewed and the factors influencing their characteristics are outlined in comparison with their onshore counterparts. This overview serves as a basis for the discussion that follows regarding the possible electrical connection within the farm, and between the farm and the grid. Voltage-source converter-based HV DC connection is compared with HVAC connection. Finally, a novel multilevel converter-based HVDC system, based on flying capacitor multilevel converters is proposed, as a possible interface between the farm and the grid.

scholarly journals Application of Input Shaping Method to Vibrations Damping in a Type-IV Wind Turbine Interfaced with a Grid-Forming Converter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur AVAZOV
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Input Shaping ◽  
Torsional Vibrations ◽  
Electromagnetic Torque ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Type Iv

Type-IV wind turbines can experience torsional vibrations in the drivetrain structure. This can lead to additional stress on turbine components and a quality reduction of the power delivered to the grid. The vibrations are mostly induced by fast variations of the electromagnetic torque, which depends on the control of a back-to-back converter. A number of studies have already presented methods to mitigate the drivetrain vibrations. However, the research was dedicated to cases when the converter, interfacing a wind turbine to the grid, operates based on a grid-following control. A wind turbine can be also interfaced to a grid-forming converter. In this case, a back-to-back converter control creates a strong link between the electromagnetic torque and grid dynamics, so the abovementioned problem remains relevant. Therefore, this paper presents a solution to damp torsional vibrations in the direct drive of a Type-IV wind turbine, interfaced to the electrical power grid with a voltage source converter based on a grid-forming control. The damping of the drivetrain vibrations relies on the input shaping method implemented using a zero-vibration filter. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of the method to damp drivetrain vibrations during grid frequency variations. In addition to that, damping impact on system behavior with respect to other parameters is analyzed and its mitigation is discussed.

De-icing of wind turbine blades by light

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-526
Author(s):  
Yuri M Lytvynenko
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Wind Energy Development

One of the problems of wind energy development is the icing of blades of wind turbines. The devices for melting ice on the surface of blades of wind turbines with the use of external light sources in the form of mirrors, a paraboloid mirror, and a system of projectors are proposed. Simple economical mobile devices use renewable solar energy or a small amount of standard electrical energy.

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