scholarly journals Heterotopia and Illness: Older women and Hypertension in a Brazilian Favela

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Leibing
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Limited Usefulness ◽  
The Way

This article is about older women and the way hypertension is linked to their life in a favela, a “shantytown”, in Rio de Janeiro. Inspired by Foucault, I suggest calling this complex phenomenon ‘heterotopic illness’. By calling attention to the importance of place for understanding certain illnesses, the limited usefulness of some public health prevention campaigns is shown. Since hypertension can be considered a “disease of aging”, it will be argued that some place-related stressors often have a greater impact on seniors than they have on younger adults.

Partner Selection Across the Life-Course: Age Variation in Partner Preferences in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 136078042199237
Author(s):  
Jana Klímová Chaloupková ◽  
Renáta Topinková ◽  
Markéta Šetinová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Partner Preferences ◽  
Age Variation ◽  
The Life Course

The proportion of people seeking a partner later in life has increased in recent decades. However, studies exploring age variation in partner preferences are quite rare. We aim to fill this gap by examining the partner preferences for household care skills, financial resources, and education of unpartnered individuals aged 19–65 years ( n = 1145) who participated in speed-dating events in the Czech Republic. We hypothesized that the importance of these characteristics varies with age, and that this variance may differ for men and women. The results show that gender differences concerning these characteristics are mostly stable across age groups. The exception is the importance of household care skills, which increases for older men and decreases for older women. We found that older adults value financial resources more than younger adults, and that this increase is true for women and men. Finally, we did not find evidence that the importance of education differs with age.

Ensuring Accountability in Public Health Prevention Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. E1-E9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demia Sundra Wright ◽  
Jo Anne Grunbaum ◽  
Nicola Dawkins ◽  
Geri Dino ◽  
Doryn Chervin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prevention Research ◽  
Health Prevention

scholarly journals The rise and fall of diseases: reflections on the history of population health in Europe since ca. 1700

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan P. Mackenbach
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Epidemiological Transition ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Human Interventions ◽  
Ultimate Cause ◽  
History Of ◽  
Limited Usefulness

AbstractThis essay explores the amazing phenomenon that in Europe since ca. 1700 most diseases have shown a pattern of 'rise-and-fall'. It argues that the rise of so many diseases indicates that their ultimate cause is not to be sought within the body, but in the interaction between humans and their environment. In their tireless pursuit of a better life, Europeans have constantly engaged in new activities which exposed them to new health risks, at a pace that evolution could not keep up with. Fortunately, most diseases have also declined again, mainly as a result of human interventions, in the form of public health interventions or improvements in medical care. The virtually continuous succession of diseases starting to fall in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries suggests that the concept of an “epidemiological transition” has limited usefulness.

scholarly journals The Ethics of Stigma in Medical Male Circumcision Initiatives Involving Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Rennie ◽  
Adam Gilbertson ◽  
Denise Hallfors ◽  
Winnie K Luseno
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Human History ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Medical Male Circumcision ◽  
Demand Creation ◽  
Ethics Research

Abstract Ongoing global efforts to circumcise adolescent and adult males to reduce their risk of acquiring HIV constitute the largest public health prevention initiative, using surgical means, in human history. Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs in Africa have significantly altered social norms related to male circumcision among previously non-circumcising groups and groups that have practiced traditional (non-medical) circumcision. One consequence of this change is the stigmatization of males who, for whatever reason, remain uncircumcised. This paper discusses the ethics of stigma with regard to uncircumcised adolescent males in global VMMC programs, particularly in certain recruitment, demand creation and social norm interventions. Grounded in our own experiences gained while conducting HIV-related ethics research with adolescents in Kenya, we argue that use of explicit or implicit stigma to increase the number of VMMC volunteers is unethical from a public health ethics perspective, particularly in campaigns that leverage social norms of masculinity. Ongoing global efforts to circumcise adolescent and adult males to reduce their risk of acquiring HIV constitute the largest public health prevention initiative, using surgical means, in human history. VMMC programs in Africa have significantly altered social norms related to male circumcision among previously non-circumcising groups and groups that have practiced traditional (non-medical) circumcision. One consequence of this change is the stigmatization of males who, for whatever reason, remain uncircumcised. This paper discusses the ethics of stigma with regard to uncircumcised adolescent males in global VMMC programs, particularly in certain recruitment, demand creation and social norm interventions. Grounded in our own experiences gained while conducting HIV-related ethics research with adolescents in Kenya, we argue that use of explicit or implicit stigma to increase the number of VMMC volunteers is unethical from a public health ethics perspective, particularly in campaigns that leverage social norms of masculinity.

scholarly journals Royalties do setor petrolífero e desigualdades regionais no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

GEOgraphia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello De Mello Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The Way

As preocupações deste estudo são: (a) apresentar a maneira pelo qual os recursos extraordinários dos royalties do petróleo são distribuídos entre os municípios do Rio de Janeiro; (b) evidenciar a falta de coordenação e irresponsabilidade dos municípios fluminenses receptores destes government  takes; e (c) ponderar sobre as possíveis conseqüências deste cenário.Abstract:This  study is  focused on:  (a) present  the way  by which  the extraordinary resources from oil  are distributed among municipalities in Rio de Janeiro; (b) to  become evident  the lack  of  coordination and  irresponsibility of  fluminense municipalities  receivers of  these government takes; and  (c) to  reflect about  the possible consequences of  this scenery.

scholarly journals Learning from health care in other countries: the prospect of comparative research

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Van Teijlingen ◽  
Cecilia Benoit ◽  
Ivy Bourgeault ◽  
Raymond DeVries ◽  
Jane Sandall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Reproductive Health Care ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Cross National ◽  
The Way

It is widely accepted that policy-makers (in Nepal and elsewhere) can learn valuable lessons from the way other countries run their health and social services. We highlight some of the specific contributions the discipline of sociology can make to cross-national comparative research in the public health field. Sociologists call attention to often unnoticed social and cultural factors that influence the way national reproductive health care systems are created and operated. In this paper we address questions such as: ‘Why do these health services appear to be operating successfully in one country, but not another?’; ‘What is it in one country that makes a particular public health intervention successful and how is the cultural context different in a neighbouring country?’ The key examples in this paper focus on maternity care and sex education in the Netherlands and the UK, as examples to highlight the power of cross-national research. Our key messages are: a) Cross-national comparative research can help us to understand the design and running of health services in one country, say Nepal, by learning from a comparison with other countries, for example Sri Lanka or India. b) Cultural factors unique to a country affect the way that reproductive health care systems operate. c) Therefore,we need to understand why and how services work in a certain cultural context before we start trying to implement them in another cultural context.

scholarly journals THE ANTI-ECHINOCOCCIASIS CAMPAIGN IN CYPRUS

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Κ. ΠΟΛΥΔΩΡΟΥ
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Complete Eradication ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Way

The author is referring to the anti - echinococciasis en npaign in Cyprus which started in February 1971. A 15 years program was arranged in order to obtain a complete eradication of the disease. Since the application of this program that is 2 1/2 years 33.748 stray dogs were killed and 2.532 female dogs became sterile by hysterectomy. Information about the disease and its dangers was given by specialized persons or groups to different State staff, slaughterhouses staff, animal breeders, schools» housewives etc. Complementary measures were taken : registration and taxation of dogs» disinfestation etc. The results of this campaign are already very satisfactory. The infestation rate in young ruminants and swine was reduced 83,3 - 95% and in dogs 58.8%. Especially the infestation rate in dogs beign 6.8% during 1972 dropped to 2.8% in the first six months of 1973. The echinococciasis which was a scourge for the animal breeding and the Public Health of Cyprus is on the way of its definite eradication.

scholarly journals Parasites in stool samples in the environment of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: an approach in public health

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Coronato ◽  
Otilio Machado Pereira Bastos ◽  
Rosemere Duarte ◽  
Antonio Nascimento Duarte ◽  
Valmir Laurentino-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
High Level ◽  
Trichuris Vulpis

This research aimed to describe the frequency of parasites in stool samples in the environment of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One hundred and five stool samples were collected and processed by the coproparasitological techniques ethyl acetate sedimentation and centrifuge-flotation using saturated sugar solution. Parasites were detected in 81.9% of the samples, hookworm being the most prevalent, followed by Trichuris vulpis. Ascaris sp. eggs were also found. A high level of evolutive forms of parasites with public health risk was found in stool samples of the environment studied. We propose that health education programs, allied to an improvement of human and animal health care, must be employed to reduce the environmental contamination.

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