scholarly journals Monstrosity and War Memories in Latin American Post-conflict Cinema

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-112
Author(s):  
Maria Chiara D'Argenio
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Between The Acts ◽  
War Memories ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Internal Armed Conflicts

This article explores the relationship between inhumanity, monstrosity, war and memory in two Latin American films: Días de Santiago (Peru, 2004) and La sombra del caminante (Colombia, 2004). These aesthetically innovative films tackle the internal armed conflicts that have occurred in Colombia and Peru in recent years. Focusing on former soldiers’ reintegration into civilian life, they display war as a traumatic experience that produces monstrosity, understood as a dehumanisation of the individual. By analysing the tropes of monstrosity and the haunting past, and the films’ aesthetics, I show how the performance of the monster articulates a tension between inhumanity and humanness, which can be read as a metaphor for the tension between the acts of remembering, investigating and forgetting within post-conflict societies. 

Holding to Account the Commission of International Crimes in the Central African Republic: The Establishment of the Special Criminal Court

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Ignacio Tredici ◽  
Renaud Galand
Keyword(s):  
Central African Republic ◽  
National Court ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
National Reconciliation ◽  
Internal Armed Conflicts

The Special Criminal Court for the Central African Republic (scc) is a national court that has been established with the assistance of the Un Multidimensional Integrated Mission of Stabilization in the Central African Republic (minusca) to bring to justice perpetrators of international crimes committed in car from 2003. The establishment of the scc is a response to the legal obligation to fight impunity for the most serious crimes in a country severely affected by decades of internal armed conflicts, social and political crises: car has been depleted of the resources required to investigate and prosecute those responsible for the commission of international crimes. Taking to justice the perpetrators will help consolidate peace, security and justice and break the cycle of violence. The scc is hence expected to serve as a catalyst for the restoration of the rule of law in car more broadly and to advance national reconciliation and peacebuilding processes. Notwithstanding the challenges that it will face, it is submitted that the scc could be a valid model to be replicated in other post-conflict contexts where impunity for either international crimes or serious organized crime is a fundamental impediment to social peace and progress.

Memory at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-287
Author(s):  
Kristen Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
International Criminal Tribunal ◽  
International Criminal Tribunals ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Narrative Control ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Scrutiny of the legal elements of international criminal tribunals such as the ICTY are frequent and important, but this article suggests that new avenues need to be taken in order to truly understand what is taking place within the courtroom sociologically. Embedded within courtroom interactions are symbolic exchanges that can stand as both reflections of and implications for the success or failure of transitional justice as a tool to promote community understanding post-conflict. Using a mixture of social psychology and cognitive linguistics, this article examines the significance of in-court references to memory, theorising that the concepts of remembering and forgetting as discussed in transcripts reveal greater struggles between the witnesses and the court over narrative control. This ultimately raises questions about the nature of the relationship between international legal bodies and the individual victim-witness, and demonstrates that there are failings occurring here that could make processes of reconciliation and community healing more difficult.

Explaining How Human Rights Protections Change After Internal Armed Conflicts

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-264
Author(s):  
Johannes Karreth ◽  
Patricia Lynne Sullivan ◽  
Ghazal Dezfuli
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Internal Armed Conflicts

Abstract Societies emerging from internal armed conflicts display surprising variation in the degree to which governments protect human rights. Employing new data on civilian victimization by both government and rebel forces, we find that the human rights climate of a post-conflict country is not simply a perpetuation of pre-conflict conditions, or the result of repressive regimes remaining in power. Instead, the treatment of civilians during conflict has an independent impact on post-conflict human rights protections (HRP). Analyses of ninety-six post-conflict periods (1960–2015) show that when governments systematically and extensively target civilians during counterinsurgency campaigns, post-conflict human rights conditions decline substantially compared to pre-conflict levels, even accounting for other predictors of human rights violations, including pre-conflict human rights conditions. This holds regardless of who is in power after conflicts end. These findings have implications for theoretical models of repression and conflict cycles, and for practitioners and policymakers aiming to restore and protect human rights after war.

scholarly journals Determinants of migration motives as a precondition for the migration flows formation

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Shymanska ◽  
Mykola Kurylo ◽  
Oleksandra Karmaza ◽  
Gennady Timchenko
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Internationalization Of Education ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Political Security ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Opening And Closing

The processes of international migration in recent years concern a large number of people due to many military conflicts intensification, borders liberalization, internationalization of education, etc. Migration motives are believed to consist of economic, socio-demographic, political and security, language-cultural and ecological and natural determinants. Reviewing migration motives and migration flows dependence on the respective determinants for Ukraine provided an opportunity to form a set of parameters to study empirically migration motivation for leaving abroad. The article researches and generalizes the questionnaire results on migration motivation of individuals. The general results of respondents’ views on their potential migration format are highlighted. The respondents’ individual assessment of the reasoned determinants in relation to their influence on the motivating people to migrate abroad is analyzed. To confirm the results, the indicators of the individual determinants importance are presented. It is determined that the prevailing determinants of migration belong to the group of economic and political-security ones, in particular, low wages, high level of corruption in the country, high unemployment, corrupt and ineffective judicial protection system, state participation in armed conflicts and post-conflict state of the country, high level of inflation, high level of labor income taxation, the complexity of opening and closing a business.

The Relationship Between Trust and Truth and Reconciliation Commissions in Post-Conflict Sub-Saharan Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 882-909
Author(s):  
Julie Keil ◽  
Alexander Stegbauer
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Truth And Reconciliation ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Truth And Reconciliation Commissions ◽  
Trust In Institutions ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Election Violence ◽  
The Relationship

Sub-Saharan African countries have conducted Truth and Reconciliation Commissions (TRC) from the early 1970’s to 2020 in twenty-one different countries.  TRCs have been chosen by states after armed conflicts, attempted or completed coups or in several cases after contested elections and election violence, in attempt to agree at a common “truth” to the events and to bring reconciliation to individual victims and polarized groups within the state.  Most TRCs have claimed the need to build trust in institutions, government and communities as one of the reasons for the conduct of a TRC.  However, despite extensive scholarly study of TRCs in general, and some study of sub-Saharan African TRCs (particularly the South African TRC) there is a lack of study of the relationship between TRCs and the development of trust.  This study utilizes Afrobarometer data regarding trust in various governmental and quasi-governmental entities in ten Sub-Saharan African states that conducted a TRC.  This study concludes that the processes in strong TRCs are related to the improvement in trust in some of the entities, but others are unaffected or show decreases in trust because the processes generally used in the TRC were not effective in creating trust.

Trauma as Double Wound in Shimmer Chinodya’s Harvest of Thorns

Matatu ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Bernard Otonye Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Ngugi Wa Thiong'o ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Ousmane Sembene ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
Hamidou Kane ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
The Individual

The colonial experience in Africa left deep corporeal and psychic scars. The anti-colonial struggle involved bloody armed conflicts which left many dead and many more physically and psychologically maimed. Writers as diverse as Chinua Achebe, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, Cheikh Hamidou Kane, Ousmane Sembène, and Shimmer Chinodya have variously addressed the cultural, material, racial, class, psychological, and ideological aspects of this unprecedented history. And literary critics have equally responded by examining African literary texts from cultural, Marxist, colonial, and post-colonial angles. However, given the traumatic experience of the struggle for independence, not much has been done by way of applying trauma theory to the study of African literary texts to illuminate Africa’s violent encounter with the racist imperialism of Europe. Employing the insights of Cathy Caruth, the essay analyses trauma’s characteristic double infliction of a wound on the individual in Chinodya’s anti-colonial novel Harvest of Thorns. The traumatic memories of the liberation war testify to the physical and psychic wounds inflicted on the individual and the community.

Amnesty, Revenge, and the Threat of Conflict Relapse

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1122
Author(s):  
Jacob Childers
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Conflict Mitigation ◽  
Internal Armed Conflicts

Recent decades have witnessed an increase in internal armed conflicts, resulting in significant consequences for affected civilian populations. At the same time, there has been rapid growth in international criminal law and a trend towards accountability. Yet, attempts to mitigate violence may come at the cost of accountability, leading to the commonly referenced to peace-versus-justice dispute. Blanket amnesties are one tool for conflict mitigation, bargaining chips that allow actors to come to the negotiating table. This article examines issues related to blanket amnesties that are absent from the amnesty versus accountability debate. The basis of the analysis is not whether accountability reduces a victim’s desire for revenge. Instead, the analysis examines whether amnesty increases a victim’s desire for revenge, and when combined with other socio-political factors that contribute to conflict relapse, finds that this increased desire may escalate the potential for renewed violence in post-conflict regions.

scholarly journals Higher Education in Post-Conflict Conditions

2014 ◽  
pp. 8-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan F Pacheco ◽  
Ane Turner Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Internal Armed Conflicts

The connection between higher education and peacebuilding remains largely uncharted. This article explores how internal armed conflicts have affected higher education institutions in Colombia and Kenya and their ability to promote peacebuilding. Despite the differences in context and the evolution of the conflicts, in both countries the transformation efforts started during the conflict stage.

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