Pocket-sized Ultrasound versus Cardiac Auscultation in Diagnosing Cardiac Valve Pathologies: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background: Pocket-sized ultrasound devices are used to perform focused ultrasound studies (POCUS). We compared valve malfunction diagnosis rate by cardiac auscultation to POCUS (insonation), both conducted by medical students. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among patients with and without clinically relevant valve dysfunction. Recruitment to the study group was based on the presence of at least one valve pathology of at least moderate severity identified on recent echocardiography study that was required for clinical reasons. Three final-year medical students examined the patients. Each patient underwent auscultation and a POCUS using a pocket-sized ultrasound machine. Sensitivity was defined as the percentage of patients correctly identified as having a valve disorder. Specificity was defined as correct identification of the absence of valve pathology. Results: The study included 56 patients. In 18 (32%), no valve pathology was found. Nineteen patients (34%) had at least two valvular pathologies. Sixty valve lesions were present in the whole cohort. Students' sensitivity for detecting any valve lesion was 32% and 64% for auscultation and insonation; respectively, specificity was similar. The sensitivity for diagnosing mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, and aortic regurgitation rose significantly by using POCUS compared to auscultation alone. When using POCUS, Students identified valve pathologies in 22 cases (39%) from the patients with at least two valve dysfunctions, and none when using auscultation. Conclusions: Final-year medical students' competency to detect valve dysfunction by performing cardiac auscultation is poor. Cardiac ultrasound-focused training significantly improved medical students' sensitivity for diagnosing a variety of valve pathologies.

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Use of Learning Media by Undergraduate Medical Students in Pharmacology: A Prospective Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0122624 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. e0122624 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Joanna Gutmann ◽

Felizian Kühbeck ◽

Pascal O. Berberat ◽

Martin R. Fischer ◽

Stefan Engelhardt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Medical Students ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students

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734 Evaluation of A Webinar Based Surgical Teaching Course (EDUCATE) - A Prospective Cohort Study

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab258.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽

Author(s):

L Tan ◽

W Mullins ◽

K Gargan ◽

J Shea ◽

J Brice ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Medical Students ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Surgical Education ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Undergraduate Curriculum ◽

Free Access ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Surgical Teaching

Abstract Aim Anecdotal evidence suggests Foundation Year (FY) doctors start surgical rotations with less confidence than medical rotations. The study aimed to determine the effect of a national webinar-based surgical teaching course on participants’ confidence, and to assess attitudes surrounding undergraduate surgical education. Method This prospective cohort study is reported with reference to STROBE guidelines and received ethical approval. A series of 15 free-access webinars was developed based on the Royal College of Surgeons Undergraduate Curriculum. An expert-validated questionnaire was used to collect data before and after the course. Inclusion criteria were UK-based medical students and FY doctors who attended at least one webinar. The primary outcome was confidence in completing common tasks during surgical rotations. Results Completed pre-course (484) and post-course (352) questionnaires yielded 92 paired samples (63% female). 85% were medical students, representing 29 UK universities, and 15% FY doctors. Mean confidence in assessing, investigating, and implementing initial management of surgical conditions was greater after the intervention (p ≤ 0.001). Mean confidence in managing on-call tasks and starting a surgical FY job was also higher post-course greater (p ≤ 0.001). These improvements correlated with webinar attendance (p ≤ 0.05). 27.1% of participants were satisfied with the quality of undergraduate surgical education. 22.9% agreed that surgical placements prepared them well to manage surgical tasks. Conclusions Medical students and FY doctors report low confidence and feel unprepared in managing surgical tasks. Additionally, they report poor satisfaction with undergraduate surgical education. This shortfall may be improved through delivery of a national, accessible, targeted online webinar series and curriculum.

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Evaluation of standardized doctor's orders as an educational tool for undergraduate medical students: a prospective cohort study

BMC Medical Education ◽

10.1186/1472-6920-13-97 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yuna Lee ◽

Ophyr Mourad ◽

Daniel Panisko ◽

Robert Sargeant ◽

Rodrigo B Cavalcanti

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Medical Students ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Educational Tool ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students

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Kvote 2 optagelse og akademiske præstationer: Hvor stor betydning har det adgangsgivende eksamenssnit?

Dansk Universitetspædagogisk Tidsskrift ◽

10.7146/dut.v8i14.6135 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (14) ◽

pp. 86-99

Author(s):

Lotte Dyhrberg ONeill ◽

Maria Cecilie Vonsild ◽

Birgitta Wallstedt

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Medical Students ◽

Medical School ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

School Grades ◽

Early Dropout ◽

The University

Kvote 2 optagelse (optagelsesprøver) til medicinstudiet har vist sig at have virket beskyttende på tidligt studiefrafald sammenlignet med kvote 1 optagelse på Syddansk Universitet. Dette prospektive kohorte studie af de samme kohorter viser, at de lavere adgangsgivende karakterer i kvote 2 gruppen samtidigt kun var forbundet med lidt lavere bachelor karaktergennemsnit. Admission testing appears to be protective against early dropout compared to grade-based admission for undergraduate medical students at the University of Southern Denmark. This prospective cohort study shows that the lower entry grades of the admission tested students were simultaneously associated with obtaining only slightly lower medical school grades.

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Are dyspeptic symptoms linked to Helicobacter pylori? A prospective cohort study among medical students

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(01)83671-4 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A737-A737

Author(s):

K HOFFMANN ◽

A EHERER ◽

H HAMMER ◽

G KREJS

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Medical Students ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Dyspeptic Symptoms

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Molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from nasal samples of sixth year medical students during their pediatric services practices

Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials ◽

10.1186/s12941-021-00429-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kamile Arıkan ◽

Eda Karadag-Oncel ◽

Emre Aycan ◽

Banu Sancak ◽

Mehmet Ceyhan

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Medical Students ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Pediatric Services

Abstract Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are prevalent in healthcare services. Medical students are at risk for MRSA carriage, subsequent infection and potential transmission of nosocomial infection.Few studies have examined MRSA carriage among medical students. Methods In this prospective cohort study, between July 2016 and June 2017, two nasal swab samples were taken per student 4 weeks apart during their pediatric internship. MRSA typing was performed by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types, Panton Valentine leukocidin (PVL) encoding genes. Results A total of 239 sixth year medical students, 164 (68.6%) male (M/F:2.1),with median age 25 years (min–max; 23–65 years) were included in this prospective cohort study. Among 239 students, 17 students (7.1%) were found to be colonized with methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) at the beginning of pediatric internship. After 4 weeks, at the end of pediatric internship totally 52 students were found to be S. aureus colonized (21.8%). Three of 52 S. aureus isolates were MRSA (1.3%) and the rest was MSSA (20.5%), all were PVL gen negative. Two of three MRSA isolates were characterized as SCCmec type IV, one isolate was untypeable SCCmec. Nasal carriage of S. aureus increased from 7.1% to 21.5% (p < 0.001). Nasal S. aures colonization ratio was higher in students working in pediatric infectious disease service (p = 0.046). Smoking was found to be associated with a 2.37-fold [95% CI (1.12–5.00); p = 0.023] and number of patients in pediatric services was 2.66-fold [95% CI (1.13–6.27); p = 0.024] increase the risk of nasal S. aureus colonization. Gender was not found to increase risk of MRSA carriage. Conclusion MSSA nasal carriage increased at the end of pediatric internship and significantly high in students working in pediatric infectious diseases services. Smoking and high number of patients in pediatric services significantly increase S.aureus colonization.

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Fostering the physician–scientist workforce: a prospective cohort study to investigate the effect of undergraduate medical students’ motivation for research on actual research involvement

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. e028034 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Belinda WC Ommering ◽

Floris M van Blankenstein ◽

Marjo Wijnen-Meijer ◽

Merel van Diepen ◽

Friedo W Dekker

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Medical Students ◽

Medical School ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

Research Activities ◽

Research Involvement ◽

Physician Scientist

ObjectivesThe medical field is facing a physician–scientist shortage. Medical schools could contribute to developing physician–scientists by stimulating student involvement in research. Studies have examined motivation for research as a key parameter of success. However, previous studies did not investigate if students act on their self-reported motivation. The aim of this study is to examine if motivation for research of medical students is related to actual research involvement. Furthermore, this study distinguishes intrinsic (IM) and extrinsic motivation (EM) for research and aims to investigate if a type of motivation matters in the relation between research motivation and involvement.Design and settingProspective cohort study in which students were surveyed at the start of medical school and reported IM and EM for research, self-efficacy, perceptions of research and curiosity on a 7-point Likert scale. One year later, students involved in research were identified. Logistic regression was used to examine influences of IM and EM on research involvement.ParticipantsAll undergraduate medical students starting at one medical school in the Netherlands in 2016. In total, 315 out of 316 students participated (99.7%), of whom 55 became involved in research (17.5%).Main outcome measureResearch involvement, which was operationalised as the enrolment of students in the research-based honours programme or the involvement of students in voluntary research activities outside of the regular curriculum.ResultsStudents with higher levels of IM were more often involved in research (OR 3.4; 95% CI 2.08 to 5.61), also after adjusting for gender, age, extracurricular high school activities, self-efficacy, perceptions and curiosity (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.35 to 4.78). Higher levels of EM increased the odds of research involvement (OR 1.4; 95% CI 0.96 to 2.11). However, the effect of EM disappeared after adjusting for the above-mentioned factors (OR 1.05; 95% CI 0.67 to 1.63). Furthermore, the effect of IM remained after adjusting for EM, whereas the effect of EM disappeared after adjusting for IM.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the type of motivation matters and IM influences research involvement. Therefore, IM could be targeted to stimulate research involvement and could be seen as the first step towards success in fostering the physician–scientist workforce.

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