scholarly journals The Eve of a New Age

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Cruikshank
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
New World ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Alejo Carpentier ◽  
American Identity ◽  
Cultural Innovation ◽  
Cultural Themes ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Theoretical Developments

Discussions of the Neobaroque began to find an important position in Latin American circles during the twentieth century. The goal of these discussions was a reassessment of an American identity by using the Baroque as a historical catalyst for cultural transformation. One of the prominent figures during this period who connected the Baroque with questions revolving around Latin American identity was the Cuban writer Alejo Carpentier. The following article examines Carpentier's theories on the New World Baroque taken from various essays published in La novela lationamericana en visperas de un nuevo siglo (1981). Through these essays, Carpentier's perspective of the Baroque is relayed into cultural themes of Latin America such as the importance of American solidarity, historical constancy, cultural innovation/progression, the natural environment, and urbanism. Analyzing the connection of such themes with the arrival of the New World Baroque sheds light on the crucial theoretical developments of Latin American identity during the twentieth century.

scholarly journals O RECURSO DO MÉTODO – UMA LEITURA INTERTEXTUAL

Organon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Selva Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Alejo Carpentier ◽  
American Identity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
Literary Device ◽  
Definition Of

This essay studies the Cuban novel El Recurso del Método by the Cuban novelist Alejo Carpentier,precursor of the “marvelous realism” in the Americas from a comparative perspective of literary theories andnotions such as intertextuality, the cultural decolonization process, deterritorialization, literary and culturalhybridism and the search for cultural identity within the historical, social and political framework ofCarpentier’s literary rendering. Some fundamental notions about the historical evolution of comparativeliterature are dealt with to better comprehend the importance of Carpentier’s literary work, his contribution to agenuine Latin American identity as well as the inclusion of this peripheral literature into the world literature.Providing some examples of this literary device present in the novel, the origin and definition of the so-called“marvelous reality” are focused. The intertextual nature of Carpentier’s text and its carnavalized discourse, itshybrid features and the transcultural issues are outlined in this essay as well.

Latin American Anglicanism in the Twentieth Century

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Kater
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South America ◽  
Liberation Theology ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
American Identity ◽  
South American ◽  
Early American ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Early Establishment

This chapter examines the early establishment of Anglican Christianity in Central and South America in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, through Church of England chaplaincies, the South American Missionary Society, and early American missionary activity. It traces the work of Evangelical missionaries among native peoples and the complex emergence in the twentieth century of autonomous churches in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean, the Central Region of America, Mexico, Brazil, and the Southern Cone of South America. It examines the emergence of a nascent Latin American identity among Anglicans as well as the effects of racism, widespread military dictatorships, liberation theology, and globalization on the inculturation of Anglicanism in Latin American contexts.

“¡Vaya Papaya!”: Cuban Baroque and Visual Culture in Alejo Carpentier, Ricardo Porro, and Ramón Alejandro

PMLA ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kaup
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Latin American ◽  
New World ◽  
Alejo Carpentier ◽  
First Century ◽  
Jose Lezama Lima ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
Santa Maria

Cuba assumes a special place in the genealogy of the latin American Baroque and its twentieth-century recuperation, ongoing in our twenty-first century—the neobaroque. As Alejo Carpentier has pointed out (and as architectural critics confirm), the Caribbean lacks a monumental architectural baroque heritage comparable with that of the mainland, such as the hyperornate Churrigueresque ultrabaroque of central Mexico and Peru (fig. 1). Nevertheless, it was two Cuban intellectuals, Alejo Carpentier and José Lezama Lima, who spearheaded a new turn in neobaroque discourse after World War II by popularizing the notion of an insurgent, mestizo New World baroque unique to the Americas. Carpentier and Lezama Lima are the key authors of the notion of a decolonizing American baroque, a baroque that expressed contraconquista (counterconquest), as Lezama punned, countering the familiar identification of the baroque with the repressive ideology of the Counter-Reformation and its allies, the imperial Catholic Iberian states (80). Lezama and Carpentier argue that the imported Iberian state baroque was transformed into the transculturated, syncretic New World baroque at the hands of the (often anonymous) native artisans who continued to work under the Europeans, grafting their own indigenous traditions onto the iconography of the Catholic baroque style. The New World baroque is a product of the confluence (however unequal) of Iberian, pre-Columbian, and African cultures during the peaceful seventeenth century and into the eighteenth in Spain's and Portugal's territories in the New World. The examples studied by Lezama and Carpentier are all from the monumental baroque sculpture and architecture of Mexico, the Andes, and Brazil's Minas Gerais province: the work of the Brazilian mulatto artist O Aleijadinho (Antônio Francisco Lisboa [1738–1814]; see fig. 2 in Zamora in this issue) and the indigenous Andean artist José Kondori (dates unknown; see fig. 1 in Zamora), central Mexico's Church of San Francisco Xavier Tepotzotlán (fig. 1), and the folk baroque Church of Santa María Tonantzintla (see fig. 3 in Zamora), to mention a few landmarks and names.

A Hybrid New World... or Not?

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Fatima Essadek
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
New World ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Cultural Pattern

During the last three decades, early modern scholarship has drawn heavily on twentieth-century theorisation to analyse the socio-cultural conditions in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. An example of such scholarly endeavours is the attempt to appropriate the concept of hybridity to explain the constitution of cultural identity. This article re-evaluates this critical trend by reviewing the model of hybridity in relation to early modern cultures; it simultaneously proposes the existence of another cultural pattern that is here labelled ‘cultural transformation’. The article also contends that hybridisation is more manifest in the domain of material culture: the ethno-cultural characteristics of early modern communities made them more receptive towards accepting and integrating material objects but less welcoming towards assimilating beliefs, values or cultural practices from other nations.

scholarly journals Yellow Fever’s Historical Lessons for COVID-19: International Interventions and Disease Control in Early Twentieth-century Ecuador and Guatemala

2021 ◽  
pp. 0169796X2199848
Author(s):  
David Carey
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

Throughout tropical urban Latin America, yellow fever wreaked havoc. Located at sea level, Guayaquil (Ecuador) and Puerto Barrios (Guatemala) were particularly susceptible to yellow fever; yet, Ecuadorians and Guatemalans enjoyed significant success in early twentieth-century campaigns against yellow fever. Reflecting international efforts that informed, collaborated with, and at times underwrote Latin American public health campaigns, the Rockefeller Foundation (RF) sent representatives to Guatemala and Ecuador in the mid-1910s to eradicate yellow fever. While those interventions enjoyed immediate success, the long-term effects were more ambiguous. By collaborating with RF, Ecuador had all but eradicated yellow fever by 1919. In Guatemala, however, a few months after RF declared Guatemala free of yellow fever, influenza struck, likely originating from US military camps in Guatemala that RF sought to shield from yellow fever.  Analysis of early twentieth-century yellow fever epidemics and campaigns to arrest them sheds light on COVID-19 pandemic challenges. Even as knowledge of disease etiology was evolving in Ecuador and Guatemala, most leaders accepted or at least did not publicly reject scientific medicine. In contrast, beginning with the most powerful politicians and filtering down throughout federal, state, and municipal authorities, many US leaders rejected science crucial to the campaigns against COVID-19. Similarly, in a pattern that resonates with US residents rejecting precautionary measures against COVID-19 such as wearing masks and maintaining social distance, compliance with anti-yellow fever campaigns was not always forthcoming.

The Argentine Allusion: On the Significance of the Southern Cone in Early Twentieth-Century São Paulo

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-87
Author(s):  
James P. Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Home State ◽  
American Intellectual ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThis article examines a much cited but little understood aspect of the Latin American intellectual and cultural ferment of the 1910s and 1920s: the frequency with which intellectuals from the southeastern Brazilian state of São Paulo referred to developments in post Sáenz Peña Argentina, and to a lesser extent in Uruguay and Chile. In books, pamphlets, speeches, and the pages of a vibrant periodical press—all key sources for this article—São Paulo intellectuals extolled developments in the Southern Cone, holding them out for imitation, especially in their home state. News of such developments reached São Paulo through varied sources, including the writings of foreign travelers, which reached intellectuals and their publics through different means. Turning from circuits and sources to motives and meanings, the Argentine allusion conveyed aspects of how these intellectuals were thinking about their own society. The sense that São Paulo, in particular, might be “ready” for reform tending toward democratization, as had taken place in Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile, was accompanied by a belief in the difference of their southeastern state from other Brazilian states and its affinities with climactically temperate and racially “white” Spanish America. While these imagined affinities were soon forgotten, that sense of difference—among other legacies of this crucial period—would remain.

Elites, Elite Settlements, and Revolutionary Movements in Latin America, 1950–1980: Introduction

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-574
Author(s):  
Timothy P. Wickham-Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
American Politics ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
Latin American Politics ◽  
Revolutionary Movements

Social revolutions as well as revolutionary movements have recently held great interest for both sociopolitical theorists and scholars of Latin American politics. Before we can proceed with any useful analysis, however, we must distinguish between these two related but not identical phenomena. Adapting Theda Skocpol’s approach, we can define social revolutions as “rapid, basic transformations of a society’s state and class structures; and they are accompanied and in part carried through by” mass-based revolts from below, sometimes in cross-class coalitions (Skocpol 1979: 4; Wickham-Crowley 1991:152). In the absence of such basic sociopolitical transformations, I will not speak of (social) revolution or of a revolutionary outcome, only about revolutionary movements, exertions, projects, and so forth. Studies of the failures and successes of twentieth-century Latin American revolutions have now joined the ongoing theoretical debate as to whether such outcomes occur due to society- or movement-centered processes or instead due to state- or regime-centered events (Wickham-Crowley 1992).

Latin American Cities: Aspects of Function and Structure

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
New World ◽  
American City ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

This essay will advance two interrelated hypotheses about the Latin American city. The first of them has to do with the role of the city in the settlement of the New World. The second suggests certain characteristics of the modern Latin American metropolis.

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