scholarly journals Post-Match Recovery in Soccer with Far-Infrared Emitting Ceramic Material or Cold-Water Immersion

2021 ◽  
pp. 732-742
Author(s):  
Tiago M. Coelho ◽  
enan F. H. Nunes ◽  
Fabio Y. Nakamura ◽  
Rob Duffield ◽  
Marília C. Serpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Satellite Systems

We investigated the effects of two common recovery methods; far-infrared emitting ceramic materials (Bioceramic) or cold-water immersion on muscular function and damage after a soccer match. Twenty-five university-level soccer players were randomized into Bioceramic (BIO; n = 8), Cold-water immersion (CWI; n = 9), or Control (CON; n = 8) groups. Heart rate [HR], rating of perceived exertion [RPE], and activity profile through Global Positioning Satellite Systems were measured during the match. Biochemical (thiobarbituric acid reactive species [TBARS], superoxide dismutase [SOD], creatine kinase [CK], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]), neuromuscular (countermovement [CMJ] and squat jump [SJ], sprints [20-m]), and perceptual markers (delayed-onset muscle soreness [DOMS], and the perceived recovery scale [PRS]) were assessed at pre, post, 24 h, and 48 h post-match. One-way ANOVA was used to compare anthropometric and match performance data. A two-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests compared the timeline of recovery measures. No significant differences existed between groups for anthropometric or match load measures (P > 0.05). Significant post-match increases were observed in SOD, and decreases in TBARS in all groups (p < 0.05), without differences between conditions (p > 0.05). Significant increases in CK, LDH, quadriceps and hamstring DOMS (p < 0.05), as well as decreases in 20-m, SJ, CMJ, and PRS were observed post-match in all groups (p < 0.05), without significant differences between conditions (p > 0.05). Despite the expected post-match muscle damage and impaired performance, neither Bioceramic nor CWI interventions improved post-match recovery.

Efficacy of Cold Water Immersion Prior to Endurance Cycling or Running to Increase Performance: A Critically Appraised Topic

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Connor A. Burton ◽  
Christine A. Lauber
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Endurance Cycling

Clinical Question: Is there evidence to support precooling with cold water immersion prior to endurance cycling and running in hot, humid environments to enhance performance? Clinical Bottom Line: There is moderate evidence suggesting cold water immersion (CWI) as a precooling intervention improves endurance performance in cyclists and runners in a hot, humid environment. All five included studies reported significant improvements in endurance performance regarding time to exhaustion or distance traveled. In all included studies, core temperature was significantly decreased in the CWI group versus the control group during the fifth and twentieth minutes of exercise. No significant differences were reported for the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) between the CWI and control groups.

scholarly journals Recovery following Rugby Union matches: effects of cold water immersion on markers of fatigue and damage

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 546-556
Author(s):  
Renan Felipe Hartmann Nunes ◽  
Rob Duffield ◽  
Fábio Yuzo Nakamura ◽  
Ewertton de Souza Bezerra ◽  
Raphael Luiz Sakugawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Rugby Players

We investigated the effect of postmatch cold-water immersion (CWI) on markers of muscle damage, neuromuscular fatigue, and perceptual responses within 72 h after a rugby match. Twenty-two professional male rugby players were randomized into CWI (10 °C/10 min; n = 11) or control (CON: 30 min seated; n = 11) groups. Activity profile from Global Positioning Satellite systems and postmatch rating of perceived exertion were measured to determined match load. Biochemical (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6), neuromuscular performance (squat (SJ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ), peak power output (PPO), rate of force development (RFD), stiffness, 10- and 30-m sprint time, and perceptual markers (soreness, perceived recovery) were obtained before and immediately after the match, and then at 30 min, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after the match. Magnitude-based inference and Cohen’s effect size (ES) were used to analyze change over time and between groups. Thus, the higher/beneficial, similar/trivial, or lower/harmful differences were evaluated as follows: <1%, almost certainly not; 1% to 5%, very unlikely; 5% to 25%, unlikely; 25% to 75%, possible; 75% to 95%, likely; 95% to 99%, very likely; >99%, almost certainly. Changes were unclear for the match loads, sprint times, and perceptual markers between groups. Higher %ΔSJ at 24 h (very likely (ES = 0.75)) and in %ΔPPO_SJ at 48 h (likely (ES = 0.51)) were observed in CWI than in CON. Values in %ΔRDF_CMJ were higher immediately after (likely (ES = 0.83)), 30 min after (very likely (ES = 0.97)), and 24 h after the match (likely (ES = 0.93)) in CWI than in CON. Furthermore, %Δlog TNF-α were lower in the CWI group than in the CON group immediately after (almost certainly (ES = −0.76)), 24 h after (very likely (ES = −1.09)), and 72 h after the match (likely (ES = −0.51)), and in Δstiffness_SJ at 30 min after (likely (ES = −0.67)) and 48 h after the match (very likely (ES = −0.97)). Also, different within-groups effects throughout postmatch were reported. Implementing postmatch CWI-based strategies improved the recovery of markers of inflammation and fatigue in rugby players, despite no change in markers of speed or perceptual recovery.

scholarly journals Postexercise cold-water immersion improves intermittent high-intensity exercise performance in normothermia

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1163-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avina McCarthy ◽  
James Mulligan ◽  
Mikel Egaña
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
High Intensity Exercise

A brief cold water immersion between 2 continuous high-intensity exercise bouts improves the performance of the latter compared with passive recovery in the heat. We investigated if this effect is apparent in normothermic conditions (∼19 °C), employing an intermittent high-intensity exercise designed to reflect the work performed at the high-intensity domain in team sports. Fifteen young active men completed 2 exhaustive cycling protocols (Ex1 and Ex2: 12 min at 85% ventilatory threshold (VT) and then an intermittent exercise alternating 30-s at 40% peak power (Ppeak) and 30 s at 90% Ppeak to exhaustion) separated by 15 min of (i) passive rest, (ii) 5-min cold-water immersion at 8 °C, and (iii) 10-min cold-water immersion at 8 °C. Core temperature, heart rate, rates of perceived exertion, and oxygen uptake kinetics were not different during Ex1 among conditions. Time to failure during the intermittent exercise was significantly (P < 0.05) longer during Ex2 following the 5- and 10-min cold-water immersions (7.2 ± 3.5 min and 7.3 ± 3.3 min, respectively) compared with passive rest (5.8 ± 3.1 min). Core temperature, heart rate, and rates of perceived exertion were significantly (P < 0.05) lower during most periods of Ex2 after both cold-water immersions compared with passive rest. The time constant of phase II oxygen uptake response during the 85% VT bout of Ex2 was not different among the 3 conditions. A postexercise, 5- to 10-min cold-water immersion increases subsequent intermittent high-intensity exercise compared with passive rest in normothermia due, at least in part, to reductions in core temperature, circulatory strain, and effort perception.

Immersion with menthol improves recovery between 2 cycling exercises in hot and humid environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 902-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kévin Rinaldi ◽  
Than Tran Trong ◽  
Florence Riera ◽  
Katharina Appel ◽  
Olivier Hue
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Mean Power Output

Endurance exercise performance is impaired in a hot and humid environment. This study compared the effects of cold water immersion, with (CMWI) and without (CWI) menthol, on the recovery of cycling performance. Eight heat-acclimatized cyclists (age, 24.1 ± 4.4 years; mass, 65.3 ± 5.2 kg) performed 2 randomized sessions, each consisting of a 20-min cycling trial (T1) followed by 10 min of immersion during recovery and then a second 20-min cycling trial (T2). Mean power output and perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded for both trials. Rectal (Trec) and skin temperatures were measured before and immediately after T1, immersion, and T2. Perceived thermal sensation (TS) and comfort were measured immediately after T1 and T2. Power output was significantly improved in T2 compared with T1 in the CMWI condition (+15.6%). Performance did not change in the CWI condition. After immersion, Trec was lower in CWI (–1.17 °C) than in CMWI (–0.6 °C). TS decreased significantly after immersion in both conditions. This decline was significantly more pronounced in CMWI (5.9 ± 1 to 3.6 ± 0.5) than in CWI (5.6 ± 0.9 to 4.4 ± 1.2). In CMWI, RPE was significantly higher in T1 (6.57 ± 0.9) than in T2 (5.14 ± 1.25). However, there was no difference in TC. This study suggests that menthol immersion probably (i) improves the performance of a repeated 20-min cycling bout, (ii) decreases TS, and (iii) impairs thermoregulation processes.

scholarly journals The Effects of Daily Cold-Water Recovery and Postexercise Hot-Water Immersion on Training-Load Tolerance During 5 Days of Heat-Based Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-647
Author(s):  
David N. Borg ◽  
Ian B. Stewart ◽  
John O. Osborne ◽  
Christopher Drovandi ◽  
Joseph T. Costello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Water Recovery

Purpose: To examine the effects of daily cold- and hot-water recovery on training load (TL) during 5 days of heat-based training. Methods: Eight men completed 5 days of cycle training for 60 minutes (50% peak power output) in 4 different conditions in a block counter-balanced-order design. Three conditions were completed in the heat (35°C) and 1 in a thermoneutral environment (24°C; CON). Each day after cycling, participants completed 20 minutes of seated rest (CON and heat training [HT]) or cold- (14°C; HTCWI) or hot-water (39°C; HTHWI) immersion. Heart rate, rectal temperature, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected during cycling. Session-RPE was collected 10 minutes after recovery for the determination of session-RPE TL. Data were analyzed using hierarchical regression in a Bayesian framework; Cohen d was calculated, and for session-RPE TL, the probability that d > 0.5 was also computed. Results: There was evidence that session-RPE TL was increased in HTCWI (d = 2.90) and HTHWI (d = 2.38) compared with HT. The probabilities that d > 0.5 were .99 and .96, respectively. The higher session-RPE TL observed in HTCWI coincided with a greater cardiovascular (d = 2.29) and thermoregulatory (d = 2.68) response during cycling than in HT. This result was not observed for HTHWI. Conclusion: These findings suggest that cold-water recovery may negatively affect TL during 5 days of heat-based training, hot-water recovery could increase session-RPE TL, and the session-RPE method can detect environmental temperature-mediated increases in TL in the context of this study.

scholarly journals Intermittent Pneumatic Compression and Cold Water Immersion Effects on Physiological and Perceptual Recovery during Multi-Sports International Championship

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Ismael Martínez-Guardado ◽  
Daniel Rojas-Valverde ◽  
Randall Gutiérrez-Vargas ◽  
Alexis Ugalde Ramírez ◽  
Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Intermittent Pneumatic Compression ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Mechanical Function ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Congested-fixture championships are common during the selection of the athletes and teams participating in the Olympic Games. Throughout these tournaments, it is fundamental to perform optimally, rest well, and recover between competitions. This study aimed to (a) explore the effectiveness of the use of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) and cold water immersion (CWI) to recover muscle mechanical function (MuscleMechFx), hydration status (HydS), pain perception (PainPercep), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), sleep hours, and sleep quality (SleepQual) during a regional multi-sports international championship and (b) compare these results by sex. Methods: A total of 52 basketball and handball players were exposed to a recovery protocol after the competition as follows: IPC, sequential 20 min at 200 mmHg, and CWI, continuous 12 min at 12 °C. Results: MuscleMechFx presented differences by match and sex (p = 0.058) in time of contraction of biceps femoris; SleepQual and sleep hours were different between matches (<0.01). Conclusions: IPC + CWI seems to be effective to maintain some MuscleMechFx, HydS, and recovery and pain perception during a congested multi-sport tournament.

scholarly journals Precooling, Hyperthermia, and Postexercise Cooling Rates in Humans Wearing American Football Uniforms

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 758-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Taylor ◽  
Kevin C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
American Football ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cooling Rates

Context Exertional heatstroke is one of the leading causes of death in American football players. Precooling (PC) with whole-body cold-water immersion (CWI) may prevent severe hyperthermia and, possibly, exertional heatstroke. However, it is unknown how much PC delays severe hyperthermia when participants wear American football uniforms during exercise in the heat. Does PC alter the effectiveness of CWI once participants become hyperthermic or affect perceptual variables during exercise? Objectives We asked 3 questions: (1) Does PC affect how quickly participants become hyperthermic during exercise in the heat? (2) Does PC before exercise affect rectal temperature (Trec) cooling rates once participants become hyperthermic? (3) Does PC affect perceptual variables such as rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation, and environmental symptoms questionnaire (ESQ) responses? Design Crossover study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Twelve physically active males (age = 24 ± 4 years, height = 181.8 ± 8.4 cm, mass = 79.9 ± 10.3 kg). Intervention(s) On PC days, participants completed 15 minutes of CWI (9.98°C ± 0.04°C). They donned American football uniforms and exercised in the heat (temperature = 39.1°C ± 0.3°C, relative humidity = 36% ± 2%) until Trec was 39.5°C. While wearing equipment, they then underwent CWI until Trec was 38°C. Control-day procedures were the same except for the PC intervention. Main Outcome Measure(s) Rectal temperature, heart rate, thermal sensation, RPE, and ESQ responses were measured throughout testing. The duration of cold-water immersion was used in conjunction with Trec to calculate cooling rates. Results Precooling allowed participants to exercise 17.6 ± 3.6 minutes longer before reaching 39.5°C (t11 = 17.0, P &lt; .001). Precooling did not affect postexercise CWI Trec cooling rates (PC = 0.18°C/min ± 0.06°C/min, control = 0.20°C/min ± 0.09°C/min; t11 = 0.9, P = .17); ESQ responses (F2,24 = 1.3, P = .3); or RPE (F2,22 = 2.9, P = .07). Precooling temporarily lowered thermal sensation (F3,26 = 21.7, P &lt; .001) and heart rate (F3,29 = 21.0, P &lt; .001) during exercise. Conclusions Because PC delayed hyperthermia without negatively affecting perceptual variables or CWI effectiveness, clinicians may consider implementing PC along with other proven strategies for preventing heat illness (eg, acclimatization).

Cold Water Immersion as a Strategy for Muscle Recovery in Professional Basketball Players During the Competitive Season

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-309
Author(s):  
Jesús Seco-Calvo ◽  
Juan Mielgo-Ayuso ◽  
César Calvo-Lobo ◽  
Alfredo Córdova
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Muscle Recovery ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
S Peak

Context: Despite prior studies that have addressed the recovery effects of cold-water immersion (CWI) in different sports, there is a lack of knowledge about longitudinal studies across a full season of competition assessing these effects. Objective: To analyze the CWI effects, as a muscle recovery strategy, in professional basketball players throughout a competitive season. Design: A prospective cohort design. Setting: Elite basketball teams. Participants: A total of 28 professional male basketball players divided into 2 groups: CWI (n = 12) and control (n = 16) groups. Main Outcome Measures: Muscle metabolism serum markers were measured during the season in September—T1, November—T2, March—T3, and April—T4. Isokinetic peak torque strength and ratings of perceived exertion were measured at the beginning and at the end of the season. CWI was applied immediately after every match and after every training session before matches. Results: All serum muscular markers, except myoglobin, were higher in the CWI group than the control group (P < .05). The time course of changes in muscle markers over the season also differed between the groups (P < .05). In the CWI group, ratings of perceived exertion decreased significantly from the beginning (T1–T2) to the end (T3–T4). Isokinetic torque differed between groups at the end of the season (60°/s peak torque: P < .001 and ; and 180°/s peak torque: P < .001 and ) and had changed significantly over the season in the CWI group (P < .05). Conclusions: CWI may improve recovery from muscle damage in professional basketball players during a regular season.

Patient Involvement in Treatment Decision Making Can Help or Hinder Placebo Analgesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Geers ◽  
Jason P. Rose ◽  
Stephanie L. Fowler ◽  
Jill A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Patient Involvement ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Placebo Analgesia ◽  
Treatment Decision Making ◽  
Immersion Experience

Experiments have found that choosing between placebo analgesics can reduce pain more than being assigned a placebo analgesic. Because earlier research has shown prior experience moderates choice effects in other contexts, we tested whether prior experience with a pain stimulus moderates this placebo-choice association. Before a cold water pain task, participants were either told that an inert cream would reduce their pain or they were not told this information. Additionally, participants chose between one of two inert creams for the task or they were not given choice. Importantly, we also measured prior experience with cold water immersion. Individuals with prior cold water immersion experience tended to display greater placebo analgesia when given choice, whereas participants without this experience tended to display greater placebo analgesia without choice. Prior stimulus experience appears to moderate the effect of choice on placebo analgesia.

Thermoregulatory responses to cold water at different times of day

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Castellani ◽  
Andrew J. Young ◽  
James E. Kain ◽  
Michael N. Sawka
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Body Temperature Change ◽  
The Mean

This study examined how time of day affects thermoregulation during cold-water immersion (CWI). It was hypothesized that the shivering and vasoconstrictor responses to CWI would differ at 0700 vs. 1500 because of lower initial core temperatures (Tcore) at 0700. Nine men were immersed (20°C, 2 h) at 0700 and 1500 on 2 days. No differences ( P > 0.05) between times were observed for metabolic heat production (M˙, 150 W ⋅ m−2), heat flow (250 W ⋅ m−2), mean skin temperature (T sk, 21°C), and the mean body temperature-change in M˙(ΔM˙) relationship. Rectal temperature (Tre) was higher ( P < 0.05) before (Δ = 0.4°C) and throughout CWI during 1500. The change in Tre was greater ( P < 0.05) at 1500 (−1.4°C) vs. 0700 (−1.2°C), likely because of the higher Tre-T skgradient (0.3°C) at 1500. These data indicate that shivering and vasoconstriction are not affected by time of day. These observations raise the possibility that CWI may increase the risk of hypothermia in the early morning because of a lower initial Tcore.

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