I second that emoji: The standards, structures, and social production of emoji

First Monday ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Berard
Keyword(s):  
Operating Systems ◽  
Social Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technical Standardization

How does an emoji come to be? In 2010 emoji character sets were incorporated into Unicode Standard 6 which allowed “picture characters” to become standardized alongside text-based characters. The technical standardization allowed emoji to be used across devices, operating systems, and Internet platforms, producing a technical codification that made it easier for emoji to circulate widely. This paper provides a brief history of emoji, focusing on the technical standardization that demarcates emoji as unique from emoticons or other pictographic or iconographic formats, and examines the factors Unicode delineates as key for emoji inclusion and exclusion, and who ultimately decides whether an emoji will be created. 

Generative pedagogies from and for the social production of habitat: Learning from HIC-AL School of grassroots urbanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Wesely ◽  
Adriana Allen ◽  
Lorena Zárate ◽  
María Silvia Emanuelli
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Popular Education ◽  
Global South ◽  
Generative Learning ◽  
Social Production ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depth Interviews

Re-thinking dominant epistemological assumptions of the urban in the global South implies recognising the role of grassroots networks in challenging epistemic injustices through the co-production of multiple saberes and haceres for more just and inclusive cities. This paper examines the pedagogies of such networks by focusing on the experiences nurtured within Habitat International Coalition in Latin America (HIC-AL), identified as a ‘School of Grassroots Urbanism’ (Escuela de Urbanismo Popular). Although HIC-AL follows foremost activist rather than educational objectives, members of HIC-AL identify and value their practices as a ‘School’, whose diverse pedagogic logics and epistemological arguments are examined in this paper. The analysis builds upon a series of in-depth interviews, document reviews and participant observation with HIC-AL member organisations and allied grassroots networks. The discussion explores how the values and principles emanating from a long history of popular education and popular urbanism in the region are articulated through situated pedagogies of resistance and transformation, which in turn enable generative learning from and for the social production of habitat.

Linux Based Mobile Operating Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Lee Chao
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Mobile Learning ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
Memory Management ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Interface Management ◽  
Device Management ◽  
History Of

In today’s mobile computing, Linux plays a significant role. The Linux kernel has been adopted by a variety of mobile operating systems to handle tasks such as device management, memory management, process management, networking, power management, application interface management, and user interface management. This chapter introduces Linux based mobile operating systems installed on various mobile devices. It first gives a brief introduction of the history of mobile Linux. Then, the chapter introduces the mobile Linux features that can be used to meet the mobile learning requirements. The last part of the chapter presents strategies on selecting a Linux based operating system for a particular mobile learning project.

Capital vs. Digital Labor in the Post-industrial Information Age: A Marxist Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
T. Kumar ◽  
Lalatendu Kesari Jena
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Social Production ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Industrial

In the third millennium AD, humanity has reached the phase of the post-industrial information age. This age is characterized by the ubiquitous usage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in all aspects of social reality. ICTs are not just a tool for automation of social production but are qualitatively different from other preceding technologies. It can be understood that ICTs are situated at the cutting edge of current global capitalism. There is a danger that ICTs are enhancing capitalist consumerism by converting the “complete human being” into the “complete consumer.” ICT-enabled “telework” has changed the “political economy of the home,” so that more surplus value can be extracted. ICTs have influenced the contestation of time between capital and labor that has been happening all through the history of capitalism. “Telework” and flexible production have influenced workers’ powers of collective bargaining. There are new challenges in organizing workers in the gig economy. When the ontological roots of ICTs are situated within the neo-Marxist Habermasian framework of critical theory, its potential for human emancipation is understood. On the contrary, there is also a danger that ICTs may end up as a tool to consolidate and strengthen the existing powers of the bourgeoisie. After engaging with such issues, this article surmises that the nature of the relation between capital and labor in the post-industrial information age is qualitatively different from the earlier industrial age. Nevertheless, it concludes that the possibilities of labor getting into a more just relation with capital and in the process bring about a more equitable global social order still exists.

scholarly journals Geosemiotics←→Social Geography: Preschool Places and School(ed) Spaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-74
Author(s):  
Colleen E. Whittingham
Keyword(s):  
Early Literacy ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Literacy Research

The purpose of the present article is to attend to the theoretical and methodological implications of expanding a view of geosemiotic to include a social geography lens. A Geosemiotics←→social geography approach creates possibilities to more fully attend to the dynamic and dialogic relationship of material, spatial, and social resources as mediators of literacy interactions. The article begins with a brief history of geosemiotics, advocating for the integration of social geography when attending to place semiotics specifically. This argument is situated within the existing landscape of spatialized literacy research, and illustrates one methodological approach found to be useful when applying an analysis informed by both theoretical perspectives. An analysis of early literacy interactions of one preschool classroom serves as an example to highlight the utility of this approach when investigating the social production of school[ed] spaces. Implications for literacy theory, methods, and instruction are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Research Analysis of Marine Ecological Suitability

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongdan Liu ◽  
Xinfei Jin ◽  
Weifei Wu ◽  
Chen Shen
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Chinese Library Classification ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ecological Suitability

Whether in the past, present and future, marine ecological environment is the most important part in the history of human development, we can call it the "patron saint" of mankind. It provides all kinds of resources and energy needed for social production, and plays an irreplaceable role in species diversity and ecological balance. However, the weakening of self-purification ability of marine ecosystem, the decline of pollution purification ability, the deterioration of marine ecological environment, and the decline of biological resources and biodiversity ,etc. all these bring fatal impact to coastal areas and even the whole terrestrial ecosystem, it is imminent to strengthen ecological protection. It is our bounden duty to protect the living environment of human. We have the right to enjoy the convenience brought by the natural environment, so we should fulfill the obligation to protect it.[Chinese Library Classification Number]   X31        [Document Code]  A

scholarly journals Improvisational Practices in the Production of the Precarious Common Spaces on the Periphery of Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gigi Argyropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Social Imaginaries ◽  
Alternative Structures ◽  
Specific Reading ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Orders

This article discusses improvisational cultural practices in relation to sedimented processes and other modes of production. During the economic crisis on Europe’s south edge, extreme neoliberal policies experimented with new modes of social engineering. Yet, even in the face of such coercive systems, emergent cultural practices were improvising, testing their own radical alternatives, and producing nomadic, ephemeral, and impromptu practices inside and outside of social orders. Focusing on a seemingly grey period in the history of a theatre occupation in Athens during the years of the economic crisis, this article examines a series of improvisational practices that emerged in a constant fragile negotiation between agents, structures, social orders, and impossibilities. Through this specific reading of an emergent cultural operation, this article seeks to explore how practices of improvisation can help us rethink and actively produce alternative structures and forms of organization, and further, how practices of improvisation can function as a form of social production in relation to other productions of the same moment. The discussion of these precarious improvisational structures may uncover a modus operandi for rethinking the cultural constellation as a continuously ever-changing system. Improvisational tactics emerge as moments of self-institution that produce ephemerally alternative social imaginaries that might allow us to rethink improvisation’s potential in the current landscape.

scholarly journals As belas imagens corporais

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Paulo Sergio Bereoff
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activities ◽  
Cultural Industry ◽  
Social Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Dialectic ◽  
Formative Experience ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Static Character

ResumoNeste ensaio, tendo por objeto o potencial regressivo da heteronomia provocada pelas belas imagens padronizadas das atividades físicas midiatizadas pela Indústria Cultural, optamos em narrar a história deste mecanismo repressivo que paralisa e prende a subjetividade; isto por meio do procedimento dialético negativo e tendo como instrumento de análise a categoria estética na interlocução com Nietzsche e Adorno, para relacionar este conhecimento com o que ele não é: instintivo, sensível, pois, historicamente tem suas bases no pensamento identificante que está na essência da produção social. Assim, tentamos avançar no sentido de compreender este sistema racional que insiste em resumir a essência do desigual em ideias iguais e essenciais, apresentando como formas/aparências universais, técnicas corporais com um caráter estático, arquétipos de mediação entre o sujeito e o objeto, mas subtraindo daquele a experiência sensível com este, com o conteúdo, com a realidade corporal.Palavras-chave: Semiformação. Experiência Formativa. Técnicas Corporais. Indústria Cultural.The beautiful body imagesAbstractIn this essay, which aims at the regressive potential of the heteronomy caused by the beautiful and standardized images of physical activities extensively promoted in the media by the Cultural Industry, we chose to narrate the history of this repressive mechanism that paralyzes and binds subjectivity. We carried this out by means of the negative dialectic procedure and by using the aesthetic class in the interlocution with Nietzsche and Adorno as an instrument of analysis to relate such knowledge to what it is not: instinctive, sensitive; once, historically, it is rooted in the identifying thought which is in the essence of social production. Thus, we tried to move ahead in the attempt to understand this rational system that insists on curtailing the essence of the unequal into equal and essential ideas, by presenting universal shapes/appearance as bodily techniques having a static character which are archetypes of mediation between the subject and the object, but they subtract from the former the sensitive experience with the latter, with the content, and with its body reality.Keywords: Semi-Formation. Formative Experience. Body Techniques. Cultural Industry.Las hermosas imágenes corporalesResumenEn este ensayo, centrándose en el potencial regresivo de la heteronomía por las hermosas imágenes estandarizadas de las actividades físicas corporales mediadas por la Industria Cultural, elegimos narrar la historia de este mecanismo represivo que paraliza y encarcela a subjetividad; esto a través del procedimiento dialéctico negativo y la categoría estética en la interlocución con Nietzsche y Adorno, para relacionar este conocimiento con lo que no es: instintivo, sensible, porque históricamente tiene sus bases en el pensamiento identificativo que está en la esencia de la producción social. Así que tratamos de avanzar hacia la comprensión de este sistema racional que insiste en resumir la esencia de lo desigual en las ideas iguales y esenciales, presentando como formas/apariencias universales, técnicas corporales con carácter arquetipos de mediación entre el sujeto y el objeto, pero restando de aquel, la experiencia sensible con esto, con contenido, con la realidad corporal.Palabras clave: Semiformación. Experiencia Formativa. Técnicas Corporales. Industria Cultural.

scholarly journals Trends and Patterns in the Economic History of the Energy Complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa S. Shakhovskaya ◽  
Victoria I. Timonina
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Global Control ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Strategic Resources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Broad Scale

Abstract The age-old history of capitalist countries includes the fact that many of these metropolitan countries, which, unlike their colonies, were producers, used various methods to gain global control over energy resources, as they were concentrated in the colonies. Control over strategic resources allows control over the national economy of any country as a whole. The article describes a broad-scale conflict in which resource dependence is directly proportional to the intensity of social production required for the effective functioning of the national economy as a whole.

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