AMIR’S ANXIETY AND MOTIVE IN KHALED HOSSEINI’S THE KITE RUNNER

This paper discusses Amir’s anxiety and motive in Khaled Hosseini’s “The Kite Runner". The library research method was applied in this research. In analyzing the data, the structural approach was used to scrutinize the intrinsic elements such as character, conflict, setting, and plot, while the psychological approach was used to examine extrinsic elements such as anxiety and motive of Amir as the main character in “The Kite Runner”. The results show that Amir, as the main character, is a caring, inferior, coward, optimistic, anxious, selfish, careless, sly, and patient person. It also indicates that Amir is a round static character since he has complex traits but his character as a caring person remains the same from the beginning to the end of the story. Besides, as the main character, Amir experienced both internal and external conflicts. The settings of time, social, and place showed the period in Afghanistan between 1975 and 2001 and the social stratum, Pashtun and Hazara in Kabul. Dealing with the plot, it starts from Amir’s effort to get Baba’s recognition and respect, Amir’s anxiety after betraying Hassan, Amir efforts to take Sohrab out from Kabul, the liberation of Sohrab from Assef, the Sohrab suicide trial, up to Amir’s effort to get back Sohrab trust. Also, Amir’s anxiety deals with realistic, neurotic, and moral anxiety, while the motives are safety and security need, belongingness and love need, and self-esteem needs.

The relational embeddedness as the differentiator of the cluster supply chain collaboration – a multidimensional comparative analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to fill the research and cognitive gap by comparative analyzing of the cluster supply chain (CSC) and supply chains not belonging to the clusters to examine the relational embeddedness as the differentiator of supply chains operating in the clusters. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual model was tested with data collected from 475 industrial companies cooperating with their partners within supply chains, including 135 CSC. To identify the livraisons between different indicators, the correspondence analysis was applied. Findings The division of enterprises participating in this study into groups allows for the determination of relatively clear boundaries between enterprises belonging to the cluster and those that do not declare such affiliation. The obtained results confirmed that the relational embeddedness is the differentiator of the CSC collaboration. Research limitations/implications The main limitations are referred to as the static character of the data. Practical implications The paper contains implications for cluster facilitators, as well as for cluster policy decision makers, to better design support for cluster organizations. Originality/value This research is a contribution to the literature on inter-organizational structures, such as clusters and supply chains, and in particular, contributes to the creation of the scientific ground of SCS theory. The research allowed to better understand the nature of collaboration taking into consideration the fact of the relational embeddedness of the companies operating within supply chains located in clusters. It proves the existence of a new type of inter-organizational form that is CSC.

Dynamic character graph via online face clustering for movie analysis

An effective approach to automated movie content analysis involves building a network (graph) of its characters. Existing work usually builds a static character graph to summarize the content using metadata, scripts or manual annotations. We propose an unsupervised approach to building a dynamic character graph that captures the temporal evolution of character interaction. We refer to this as the character interaction graph (CIG). Our approach has two components: (i) an online face clustering algorithm that discovers the characters in the video stream as they appear, and (ii) simultaneous creation of a CIG using the temporal dynamics of the resulting clusters. We demonstrate the usefulness of the CIG for two movie analysis tasks: narrative structure (acts) segmentation and major character retrieval. Our evaluation on full-length movies containing more than 5000 face tracks shows that the proposed approach achieves superior performance for both the tasks.

Opposition “living – lifeless” and antique imagery in “Tales and Trials of Love” by Jeanne Flore

This article examines the previously unstudied aspects of the concept of true love in “Tales and Trials of Love” by Jeanne Flore based on the material of second novel in the compilation. The subject of this research is the ancient images, which reflect the central topics of the book – role of sensuality and dangers caused by it. A detailed analysis is conducted on the opposition “living – lifeless”, which is structured through the motifs of sight, word, kiss and image of a human-statue. Within the new concept of true love, which dictates to reciprocate the feelings of those seeking love, the danger hides not sensuality, but in resisting it. The novella in question stands out in the compilation, as it is the only “tale” which focus falls on sensorics to convey a warning. Special attention is given to the images of eyes and mouth, which mark the boundary between external and internal, and play the key role in the motif of poisoning. When does a fatal act takes place? When “lifeless" is behind the living (which can be achieved only by witchcraft), and the other way around. Using the ancient images, Jeanne Flore demonstrates how a sight and words of the heroes can be poisonous and upon contact with the Other can translate characteristics of the hero’s inner world (such as indifference, static character, lifelessness) to others, thereby "poisoning" them to death. This article is first to analyze the opposition of “living – lifeless” on the material of references to ancient mythology in “Love and Trials of Love”, which defines the scientific novelty.

Visual Semiotics of Inequality in the Structure of an Architectural Text

The article is devoted to the consideration of the architectural environment as a form of materialization of social existence. It is noted that the architectural text of a large city contains special subject and spatial inclusions – loci of power. The article focuses on the relations of topological segregation – the disproportionate distribution of structural elements in the space of a populated place. This is a set of obstacles in choosing a place, and at the same time a condition for the formation of a social hierarchy of urban spaces. Methods. In the course of the work, the problem and thematic, structural and functional and comparative and historical methods to identify basic concepts of architectural spaces of power were applied. Results. It is shown that social inequality and topological segregation occur in the city in a “natural” way, since it embodies various facets of inequality inherent in society. The typology of constantly reproducible principles of organization of architectural objects and spaces of power such as monumentality, static character, conciseness, verticality, hierarchy, the presence of a central structure, tradition, consistency, syncretism is clarified. It is shown that the emerging signs of inequality, embodied in architectural and urban planning decisions, participate in the formation of the social structure, reproduce and transform its value and semantic content. The basic principles of the organization of architectural objects and spaces of power are considered. Models for implementing these principles in the process of creating new loci of power are proposed. It is concluded that the hypothesis put forward by the authors that loci of power are the spatial embodiment of complex mechanisms for maintaining the dynamic balance of the social system is confirmed by the results of research on the semiotics of inequality in the structure of the architectural text.

As belas imagens corporais

ResumoNeste ensaio, tendo por objeto o potencial regressivo da heteronomia provocada pelas belas imagens padronizadas das atividades físicas midiatizadas pela Indústria Cultural, optamos em narrar a história deste mecanismo repressivo que paralisa e prende a subjetividade; isto por meio do procedimento dialético negativo e tendo como instrumento de análise a categoria estética na interlocução com Nietzsche e Adorno, para relacionar este conhecimento com o que ele não é: instintivo, sensível, pois, historicamente tem suas bases no pensamento identificante que está na essência da produção social. Assim, tentamos avançar no sentido de compreender este sistema racional que insiste em resumir a essência do desigual em ideias iguais e essenciais, apresentando como formas/aparências universais, técnicas corporais com um caráter estático, arquétipos de mediação entre o sujeito e o objeto, mas subtraindo daquele a experiência sensível com este, com o conteúdo, com a realidade corporal.Palavras-chave: Semiformação. Experiência Formativa. Técnicas Corporais. Indústria Cultural.The beautiful body imagesAbstractIn this essay, which aims at the regressive potential of the heteronomy caused by the beautiful and standardized images of physical activities extensively promoted in the media by the Cultural Industry, we chose to narrate the history of this repressive mechanism that paralyzes and binds subjectivity. We carried this out by means of the negative dialectic procedure and by using the aesthetic class in the interlocution with Nietzsche and Adorno as an instrument of analysis to relate such knowledge to what it is not: instinctive, sensitive; once, historically, it is rooted in the identifying thought which is in the essence of social production. Thus, we tried to move ahead in the attempt to understand this rational system that insists on curtailing the essence of the unequal into equal and essential ideas, by presenting universal shapes/appearance as bodily techniques having a static character which are archetypes of mediation between the subject and the object, but they subtract from the former the sensitive experience with the latter, with the content, and with its body reality.Keywords: Semi-Formation. Formative Experience. Body Techniques. Cultural Industry.Las hermosas imágenes corporalesResumenEn este ensayo, centrándose en el potencial regresivo de la heteronomía por las hermosas imágenes estandarizadas de las actividades físicas corporales mediadas por la Industria Cultural, elegimos narrar la historia de este mecanismo represivo que paraliza y encarcela a subjetividad; esto a través del procedimiento dialéctico negativo y la categoría estética en la interlocución con Nietzsche y Adorno, para relacionar este conocimiento con lo que no es: instintivo, sensible, porque históricamente tiene sus bases en el pensamiento identificativo que está en la esencia de la producción social. Así que tratamos de avanzar hacia la comprensión de este sistema racional que insiste en resumir la esencia de lo desigual en las ideas iguales y esenciales, presentando como formas/apariencias universales, técnicas corporales con carácter arquetipos de mediación entre el sujeto y el objeto, pero restando de aquel, la experiencia sensible con esto, con contenido, con la realidad corporal.Palabras clave: Semiformación. Experiencia Formativa. Técnicas Corporales. Industria Cultural.

The Law and Question. The Phenomenon of Question as a Possible Point of Departure for the Phenomenologico-Genetic Theory of Law

In his original phenomenology of law Adolf Reinach distinguishes among experiences the so-called “social acts”. These include acts directed towards other persons that require that the latter acknowledge the communicated contents and assume certain attitudes. Among these acts Reinach mentions there are promises, orders, requests and questions. He argues the promise is the special act that creates the a priori grounds of law. It is to be noted that Reinach’s phenomenology of law is of static character (in the Husserlian sense of the word) and therefore it shares all its advantages and disadvantages. In my paper I would like to draw attention to another social act, which can also be attributed to certain law-making activities, especially from the perspective of the genetic phenomenology. It is questioning. At the same time when Reinach was working on his theory of law, his Munich friend, Johannes Daubert (1877–1947), also a student of Theodor Lipps and a friend of Edmund Husserl, who together with Reinach made an “invasion of the Munichs at Göttingen”, worked on the first phenomenology of the question. Although he did not refer his research to the phenomenon of law, we can ask whether, like Reinach’s deliberations about promises and obligation, it cannot be done. That this is possible to some extent, for example, is evinced by the Hannah Arendt and Klaus Held’s phenomenology of the political world. He points out that the public world as such arises from the primordial openness of man, understood as “zoon politikon”. This openness might be interpreted as the question which is not so much a single act as it is an attitude. The purpose of the paper is to outline how, while starting with the phenomenological reflection over various types of utterances, one can specify their certain forms and the acts constituting them as well as the attitudes which allow for a priori grounding the phenomenon of law from the perspective of static and genetic phenomenology.

GENRE SPECIFICITY OF MIKHAIL ALBOV’S DILOGY “OF PEOPLE «IN SEARCH OF THE CITY»”

Genre specifi cs of the stories «Lyol’ka’s Upbringing» and «A Day in the Vastness of Nature» by Mikhail Albov is considered. Historical-typological analysis of both works is given. Chronotope, type of plots, features of speech organisation in both stories, which are considered as a dilogy, are analysed. The overview characteristic of the existence of the genre of story in the Russian literary process is given, the exclusive affi liation of story genre to Russian literature is noted. Literary trends of the late 19th century are marked, the signifi cant role of the story genre in Russian literature in the 2nd half of the 19th century is indicated. Two traditions in determining the specifi cs of the story genre – by formal features and by meaningful characteristics - are noted. Mikhail Albov’s works general specifi city - the static character of heroes when repeatedly using the same names and life stories of characters in different works of the writer – is presented. The story «Lyol’ka’s Upbringing» by Mikhail Albov is characterised as storytelling traditional one for literature about suffering children, a conclusion about the writer’s creative perception of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s works is made. The story «A Day in the Vastness of Nature» by Mikhail Albov is defi ned as one unrelated to the story «Lyol’ka’s Upbringing» by plot. The article proves that the stories constitute a dilogy. Prevalence of psychology in portraying heroines of both stories is noted; the genre invariant of a story, characteristic of belles lettres of the last third of the 19th century, is identified.

Features of the Implementation of the Conceptual Method of the Musical and Historical Analysis in the Choral Conducting Class

The significance of the in­depth analytical work of future musicians and teachers with the artistic image and its need for the process of conducting training are considered in the article. As the most important mechanism for the formation of students’ analytical competencies, the conceptual method by A. I. Demchenko for musical­historical analysis of choral works is considered. The essence of the proposed method is to determine the leading idea of the work and its subsequent disclosure in the form of a plan of capacious theses that concentrate the musical content. The features of its application in the conditions of university conducting and choral training are examined on the example of an analysis of a Russian spiritual concert of the last third of the 20th century, represented in the works by A. G. Schnittke – “Concert on verses by Grigor Narekatsi”, “Penance poems” and G. V. Sviridov “Concert in memory of A. A. Yurlov”. Two interrelated directions for training are proposed in the conducting class: analysis of spiritual concerts through the prism of the genre and through the prism of musical drama. The two­vector orientation of the study of compositions provides the opportunity for students to fully understand the phenomenon of a spiritual concert in modern musical art, not only to understand the trends leading to the emergence of its innovative models, but also to clarify students’ ideas about ways to discover musical content during performance. A direct study of the conceptual method of musical and historical analysis of choral works by students allows to avoid the narrowly professional interpretation of the conductor’s activity, to overcome the unambiguousness and static character of the performing interpretations of the musical text.