scholarly journals Creating an Interactive Aid to Mediate Obesity Diagnosis and Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shariwa Oke ◽  
Kristin Mount ◽  
Kristina Varady ◽  
Samantha Bond
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Iterative Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Phase Group ◽  
Phase Phase

The purpose of this research was to design an application using iterative design and usability testing to convey nutrition, exercise, and obesity information to a patient with obesity. The study consisted of three phases: the research phase (Pre-phase), prototype phase (Phase 1), and application phase (Phase 2).In the pre-phase, group discussions were held with four experts, where they discussed the desired functionality of the proposed application. Their suggestions were incorporated into a paper prototype that was developed for iterative design testing in Phase 1. Experts first answered questions about their patients and then were given tasks to complete using the prototype.In Phase 2, the application was developed in the Unity 2D gaming engine. User feedback from Phase 1 testing was considered for Phase 2 design and functionality choices. Test subjects were given either the mobile application or a handout with the identical written content. All subjects were given a pre-test, including questions about comfort level with their health care provider and knowledge of exercise and nutrition, before they were given either the application or the handout. A post-test was given after subjects had interacted with their materials for one week.Qualitative data from prototyping and iterative design testing is a valuable tool for improving future health and wellness applications.

Hypoxic release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of pulmonary artery smooth muscle

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (2) ◽  
pp. L318-L325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Dipp ◽  
Piers C. G. Nye ◽  
A. Mark Evans
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Transient Phase ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Hypoxic Response ◽  
Pulmonary Vessels ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle ◽  
Phase Phase

The hypoxic constriction of isolated pulmonary vessels is composed of an initial transient phase ( phase 1) followed by a slowly developing increase in tone ( phase 2). We investigated the roles of the endothelium and of intracellular Ca2+ stores in both preconstricted and unpreconstricted intrapulmonary rabbit arteries when challenged with hypoxia (Po 2 16–21 Torr). Removing the endothelium did not affect phase 1, but phase 2 appeared as a steady plateau. Removing extracellular Ca2+ had essentially the same effect as removing the endothelium. Depletion of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+stores with caffeine and ryanodine abolished the hypoxic response. Omitting preconstriction reduced the amplitude of the hypoxic response but did not qualitatively affect any of the above responses. We conclude that hypoxia releases intracellular Ca2+ from ryanodine-sensitive stores by a mechanism intrinsic to pulmonary vascular smooth muscle without the need for Ca2+ influx across the plasmalemma or an endothelial factor. Our results also suggest that extracellular Ca2+ is required for the release of an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor.

scholarly journals Kinetic studies on mammalian cytochrome c modified with 2-hydroxy-5-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide

1975 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Brittain ◽  
C Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Flash Photolysis ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
Stopped Flow ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Difference Spectra ◽  
Phase Phase

The reduction of 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl tryptophyl cytochrome c by the chromous ion was studied by stopped-flow techniques. At pH6.5 the reduction of 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl tryptophyl cytochrome c is complex, showing the presence of three distinct phases. Two chromium concentration-dependent phases are observed (1.1 × 105 M-1-S-1, phase 1; 1.25 × 104M-1-S-1, phase 2) and one slow first-order process (0.25S-1, phase 3). A comparison of the static and kinetic difference spectra, along with the data from the reduction of the reoxidized reduced protein, suggests that the slow chromium concentration-independent phase is due to a slow conformational event after fast reduction of the NO2 group. The rates of the chromium concentration-dependent phases show a marked variation with pH above 7.5. The activation energies for the three processes were also measured at 33.2, 38.6 and 69.7 kJ-mol-1 for phases 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The reaction of reduced 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl tryptophyl cytochrome c with CO was foollowed by means of both stopped-flow and flash photolysis. The combination with CO at pH 6.8 as measured in stopped-flow experiments showed two phases, one CO-dependent phase (phase 2, 2.4 × 102M-1-S-1) and one CO-independent phase (phase 1, 0.015S-1). Investigation of the pH-dependence of the phases showed both the rates and amounts of each phase to be pH-invariant. CO recombination, after photolytic removal, was found to be biphasic; a CO-dependent phase (phase 2, 2.4 × 102M-1-S-1) and a CO-independent phase (phase 1, 1.0s-1) were observed. A tentative model which can accommodate these observations is proposed.

scholarly journals The Positive Inotropic and Calcium-Mobilizing Effects of Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptides on Rat Heart

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 5050-5057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Bin Xu ◽  
Ji-Min Cao ◽  
Jing-Jiang Pang ◽  
Rong-Kun Xu ◽  
Chao Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Perfused Heart ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Phase Phase

Abstract GH-releasing peptides (GHRP) are synthetic peptides exerting GH-dependent or GH-independent effects via GH secretagogue receptor on many organs, including the heart. The underlying mechanisms of the cardiotropic properties of GHRP are poorly understood. This study investigates these effects of four GHRP in isolated perfused heart preparations and isolated neonatal and adult ventricular myocytes. The calcium response of cardiocytes to GHRP was visualized using confocal microscopy. All tested GHRP facilitated both ventricular contraction and relaxation in a dose-dependent manner, moderately decreasing coronary flow, but not modifying heart rate. GHRP induced a biphasic increase in intracellular free Ca2+ of the cardiocytes, consisting of a transient phase (phase 1), followed by a plateau phase (phase 2). Phase 1 was abolished by pretreatment with thapsigargin, a Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The phase 2 response was eliminated by removing extracellular free Ca2+, by verapamil, a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel blocker, or by 24-h pretreatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, down-regulating protein kinase C. In isolated (denervated) heart, GHRP have a direct cardiotropic, without chronotropic, effect. GHRP elevate myocardial intracellular free Ca2+ through activating Ca2+ influx via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and triggering Ca2+ release from thapsigargin-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ stores. Protein kinase C mediates the GHRP-induced Ca2+ influx, but not Ca2+ release. These finding support a number of roles for GHRP in the cardiovascular system.

scholarly journals Coordination and Symmetry Patterns During the Drop Vertical Jump in People With Chronic Ankle Instability and Lateral Ankle Sprain Copers

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1152-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cailbhe Doherty ◽  
Chris Bleakley ◽  
Jay Hertel ◽  
Brian Caulfield ◽  
John Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Lateral Ankle Sprain ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Control Patterns ◽  
Phase Phase

Abstract Background The drop vertical jump (DVJ) task has previously been used to identify movement patterns associated with a number of injury types. However, no current research exists evaluating people with chronic ankle instability (CAI) compared with people coping with lateral ankle sprain (LAS) (referred to as “LAS copers”) during this task. Objective The aim of this study was to identify the coping movement and motor control patterns of LAS copers in comparison with individuals with CAI during the DVJ task. Design This was a case-control study. Methods Seventy individuals were recruited at convenience within 2-weeks of sustaining a first-time acute LAS injury. One year following recruitment, these individuals were stratified into 2 groups: 28 with CAI and 42 LAS copers. They attended the testing laboratory to complete a DVJ task. Three-dimensional kinematic and sagittal-plane kinetic profiles were plotted for the lower extremity joints of both limbs for the drop jump phase (phase 1) and drop landing phase (phase 2) of the DVJ. The rate of impact modulation relative to body weight during both phases of the DVJ also was determined. Results Compared with LAS copers, participants with CAI displayed significant increases in hip flexion on their “involved” limb during phase 1 of the DVJ (23° vs 18°) and bilaterally during phase 2 (15° vs 10°). These movement patterns coincided with altered moment-of-force patterns at the hip on the “uninvolved” limb. Limitations It is unknown whether these movement and motor control patterns preceded or occurred as a result of the initial LAS injury. Conclusions Participants with CAI displayed hip-centered changes in movement and motor control patterns during a DVJ task compared with LAS copers. The findings of this study may give an indication of the coping mechanism underlying outcome following initial LAS injury.

An Evidence-based Approach to Developing the Collaborative, Client-Centred Nutrition Education (3CNE) Framework and Practice Points

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Morley ◽  
Deborah MacLellan ◽  
Karol Traviss ◽  
Theresa Cividin
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Phase Study ◽  
Subsequent Phase ◽  
Phase Phase

Purpose: The purpose of this, the third phase of a 3-phase research project, was to develop guidelines for client-centred nutrition education (NE). Methods: A 3-phase study was conducted using a progressive development design, where each phase informed the subsequent phase. Phase 1 was a national online survey of dietitians’ perceptions of consumers’ NE needs and preferences; results informed the Phase 2 national online survey of consumers about their NE needs and preferences. Phase 3 involved national 2-part teleconference consultations with dietitians to discuss implications of the Phase 2 findings for NE practice. This paper is the report of Phase 3. Results: Discussion group participants were 22 dietitians from around Canada who had been in practice for an average of 14.5 years. Discussions resulted in the development of the Collaborative Client-Centred Nutrition Education (3CNE) conceptual framework and related Practice Points that explicate the complexity of NE practice. Conclusion: The 3CNE framework and Practice Points provide a means to inform precepting students and interns, and for use in planning for the professional development of practicing dietitians on providing client-centred NE.

scholarly journals Surgical management of oncologic patient during and after the COVID-19 outbreak: practical recommendations from the Italian society of Surgical Oncology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Cavaliere ◽  
◽  
Dario Parini ◽  
Luigi Marano ◽  
Federica Cipriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Surgical Oncology ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Italian Society ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Oncologic Patients ◽  
Phase Phase ◽  
Practical Recommendations

AbstractThe recent outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy caused a limitation of the resources of the health system, which necessarily led to their rationalization in the critical phase (phase 1) and a reorganization of the system in the following phase (phase 2). The Italian Society of Oncological Surgery–SICO has drafted these practical recommendations, calibrated on the most recent scientific literature and taking into account current health regulations and common sense. Surgical activity during phase 1 and 2 should follow a dynamic model, considering architectural structures, hospital mission, organizational models. Surgical delay should not affect oncological prognosis. However, COVID-19-positive cancer patients should be postponed until the infection is cured. The patients to consider more carefully before delaying surgery are those who have completed neoadjuvant therapy, patients with high biological aggressiveness tumors or without therapeutic alternatives. The multidisciplinary discussions are fundamental for sharing clinical decisions; videoconference meetings are preferable and use of telemedicine for follow-up is recommended. Especially in phase 1, maximum effort must be made to reduce the spread of the pandemic. Prefer intra-corporeal rather than open anastomosis during laparoscopy and mechanical rather than hand-sewn anastomosis in open surgery. Consider PPE for caregivers during stoma management. Minimal invasive surgery is not discouraged, because there is little evidence for augmented risk. Specific procedures have to be followed and use of energy devices has to be limited. Training programs with COVID-19 + patients are not recommended. All staff in OR should be trained with specific courses on specific PPE use. Differentiate recommendations are presented for every district cancer. Surgical oncology during phase 2 should be guaranteed by individual and distinct protocols and pathways between cancer patients and COVID-19 + patients with resources specifically addressed to the two distinct kind of patients to limit diagnostic/therapeutic interferences or slowdowns. These recommendations are based on currently available evidence about management of oncologic patients during COVID-19 pandemic, were endorsed by the SICO Executive Board, and are considered suitable for nationwide diffusion. They will be subject to updates and revisions in case of new and relevant scientific acquisitions.

scholarly journals Pelatihan Desain Pembelajaran dengan E-learning Berbasis LMS Moodle

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Parulian Silalahi ◽  
Charlota Agripina ◽  
Yang Agita
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Phase Phase

Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk melatih guru agar memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam mendesain dan mengembangkan pembelajaran dengan E-learning berbasis LMS Moodle. Pelatihan ini diberikan pada guru SMP Maria Goretti Sungailiat Bangka. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian dilakukan dengan tiga phase: phase 1. persiapan; phase 2. pelaksanaan; dan phase 3. Evaluasi. Pelaksanaan pengabdian dilakukan secara tatap muka dan daring. Melalui tatap muka pelatihan diberikan dengan ceramah dan demonstrasi yang diselenggarakan selama 3 kali pertemuan pada bulan Juli 2020 dengan jumlah yang guru yang ikut dalam pelatihan ini sebanyak 10 orang. Secara daring diberikan dengan menggunakan aplikasi Moodle..  Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan dan keterampilan guru dalam mendesain dan mengembangkan pembelajaran menggunakan aplikasi E-learning LMS Moodle meningkat. Selanjutnya dari aplikasi Moodle yang telah dikembangkan oleh pengabdi untuk pembelajaran yang diberikan guru kepada siswa, dapat  diterapkan dengan baik.  

scholarly journals Neurophobia Inception: A Study of Trainees' Perceptions of Neurology Education

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeu A. Fantaneanu ◽  
Katherine Moreau ◽  
Kaylee Eady ◽  
Chantalle Clarkin ◽  
Christine DeMeulemeester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Questionnaire Response ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Single Centre Study

Objectives:We wanted to examine the extent to which “neurophobia” exists among medical students and determine if students’ perceptions of neurology differ by year of study while exploring the factors that contribute to the development of “neurophobia”.Methods:We used a two-phase, sequential, mixed-methods explanatory design in this single centre study. Phase 1 involved the collection and analysis of a questionnaire administered to students in the first three years of medical school. Phase 2 involved focus groups of a subgroup of students who demonstrated evidence of neurophobia in Phase 1.Results:In total, 187 (39 %) undergraduate medical trainees responded to the questionnaire (response rates of 37%, 44% and 19% for first-, second- and third-year students, respectively). 24% of respondents indicated that they were afraid of clinical neurology and 32% were afraid of the academic neurosciences. Additionally, 46% of respondents thought that clinical neurology is one of the most difficult disciplines in medicine. Phase 2 findings revealed that many students reported negative preconceptions about neurology and commented on neurology’s difficulty. Some experienced changes in these conceptions following their neurology block. Past clinical, educational, and personal experiences in neurology impacted their comfort level.Conclusions:This study shows that the level of comfort towards clinical neurology increases following students’ participation in second-year neurology blocks, but that third-year students continue to show signs of neurophobia with lower comfort levels. It provides insight into why neurophobia exists amongst medical students and sheds light on pre-existing and emerging factors contributing to this sense of neurophobia.

scholarly journals EduIMPACT: A scale for measuring the impact of literacy programmes for youth and adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Iván Gutiérrez-Carvajal ◽  
Mónica Perdomo ◽  
Jenny Lorena Agredo ◽  
Geisler Dayani Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article presents an instrument for measuring the effectiveness of literacy programmes for youth and adults. To assess the impact of participation on individual learners’ lives and their environment, the authors developed a structure comprising five main dimensions: (1) “personal sphere” (six sub-dimensions); (2) “social skills” (six sub-dimensions); (3) “life project” (four sub-dimensions); (4) “knowledge” (five sub-dimensions); and (5) “economic situation” ´(five sub-dimensions). Phase 1 of developing this instrument included the definition of dimensional and sub-dimensional features; Phase 2 comprised drafting the design of the measurement scale. During Phase 1, the authors conducted focus group discussions and individual interviews with 15 students, 14 teachers, 10 graduates and 2 former managers of a Colombian second-chance adult education programme called Avancemos [Let’s go forward]. The programme was launched in 1993 and has since been further developed by the University of Ibagué. During Phase 2, six specialists in education and psychology validated the survey items in an expert trial. In the third phase of development, the authors finalised a survey questionnaire to test their scale and distributed it among 132 Avancemos graduates, of whom 124 (63 women and 61 men) returned completed forms. In their analysis of the results, the authors found that their instrument, which they named EduIMPACT, had proved useful for evaluating and acting upon the programme’s perception among its target group.

Rationalization and internalization

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Léon Beauvois
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Dissonance Reduction

After having been told they were free to accept or refuse, pupils aged 6–7 and 10–11 (tested individually) were led to agree to taste a soup that looked disgusting (phase 1: initial counter-motivational obligation). Before tasting the soup, they had to state what they thought about it. A week later, they were asked whether they wanted to try out some new needles that had supposedly been invented to make vaccinations less painful. Agreement or refusal to try was noted, along with the size of the needle chosen in case of agreement (phase 2: act generalization). The main findings included (1) a strong dissonance reduction effect in phase 1, especially for the younger children (rationalization), (2) a generalization effect in phase 2 (foot-in-the-door effect), and (3) a facilitatory effect on generalization of internal causal explanations about the initial agreement. The results are discussed in relation to the distinction between rationalization and internalization.

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