scholarly journals PLATFORMIZING KNOWLEDGE: MESS AND MEANING IN WEB 3.0 INFRASTRUCTURES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Iliadis ◽  
Wesley Stevens ◽  
Jean-Christophe Plantin ◽  
Amelia Acker ◽  
Huw Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Semantic Annotation ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Web 3.0 ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Status ◽  
Nature Of Information ◽  
Data Portability ◽  
Machine Readable

This panel focuses on the way that platforms have become key players in the representation of knowledge. Recently, there have been calls to combine infrastructure and platform-based frameworks to understand the nature of information exchange on the web through digital tools for knowledge sharing. The present panel builds and extends work on platform and infrastructure studies in what has been referred to as “knowledge as programmable object” (Plantin, et al., 2018), specifically focusing on how metadata and semantic information are shaped and exchanged in specific web contexts. As Bucher (2012; 2013) and Helmond (2015) show, data portability in the context of web platforms requires a certain level of semantic annotation. Semantic interoperability is the defining feature of so-called "Web 3.0"—traditionally referred to as the semantic web (Antoniou et al, 2012; Szeredi et al, 2014). Since its inception, the semantic web has privileged the status of metadata for providing the fine-grained levels of contextual expressivity needed for machine-readable web data, and can be found in products as diverse as Google's Knowledge Graph, online research repositories like Figshare, and other sources that engage in platformizing knowledge. The first paper in this panel examines the international Schema.org collaboration. The second paper investigates the epistemological implications when platforms organize data sharing. The third paper argues for the use of patents to inform research methodologies for understanding knowledge graphs. The fourth paper discusses private platforms’ extraction and collection of user metadata and the enclosure of data access.

scholarly journals Privacy And Web 3.0: Implementing Trust and Learning from Social Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
George Bouchagiar
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
New Era ◽  
Web 3.0 ◽  
Data Portability ◽  
Privacy Risks

After having shifted from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0, scientists welcome the advent of Web 3.0, an environment where meaning is added to data. While in the Semantic Web people are no longer users, but part of the emerging applications, producers, subjects and beneficiaries of the Big Data, however, opaque processing of personal data poses tremendous risks and dangers for individuals. Given the new era of Big Data this paper studies firms’ purposes and practices to detect some emerging privacy risks. Moreover, theories that deal with social networks are examined to conclude that, even if people state that they value their privacy, however, they often disclose a huge volume of personal information. Taking into account that today’s European concept of privacy is conceptualized in negative terms this paper also proposes the implementation of trust and loyalty into the privacy concept through flexible fiduciary laws. Furthermore, data portability is discussed to detect its potential as a strategic feature, a key tool that will enhance trust. Finally, further scenarios and proposals are submitted, in our attempt to answer the question whether the European concept of privacy could be re-shaped for the benefit of individuals.

scholarly journals Privacy And Web 3.0: Implementing Trust and Learning from Social Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1632
Author(s):  
George Bouchagiar
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
New Era ◽  
Web 3.0 ◽  
Data Portability ◽  
Privacy Risks

After having shifted from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0, scientists welcome the advent of Web 3.0, an environment where meaning is added to data. While in the Semantic Web people are no longer users, but part of the emerging applications, producers, subjects and beneficiaries of the Big Data, however, opaque processing of personal data poses tremendous risks and dangers for individuals. Given the new era of Big Data this paper studies firms’ purposes and practices to detect some emerging privacy risks. Moreover, theories that deal with social networks are examined to conclude that, even if people state that they value their privacy, however, they often disclose a huge volume of personal information. Taking into account that today’s European concept of privacy is conceptualized in negative terms this paper also proposes the implementation of trust and loyalty into the privacy concept through flexible fiduciary laws. Furthermore, data portability is discussed to detect its potential as a strategic feature, a key tool that will enhance trust. Finally, further scenarios and proposals are submitted, in our attempt to answer the question whether the European concept of privacy could be re-shaped for the benefit of individuals.

scholarly journals The strongest link: libraries and linked data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Byrne ◽  
Lisa Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Authority Control ◽  
Web Standards ◽  
Web Of Data ◽  
Data Portability ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
The Web

Since 1999 the W3C has been working on a set of Semantic Web standards that have the potential to revolutionize web search. Also known as Linked Data, the Machine‐Readable Web, the Web of Data, or Web3.0, the Semantic Web relies on highly structured metadata that allow computers to understand the relationships between objects. Semantic web standards are complex, and difficult to conceptualize, but they offer solutions to many of the issues that plague libraries, including precise web search, authority control, classification, data portability, and disambiguation. This article will outline some of the benefits that linked data could have for libraries, will discuss some of the non‐technical obstacles that we face in moving forward, and will finally offer suggestions for practical ways in which libraries can participate in the development of the semantic web.

Framework for Automatic Semantic Annotation of Arabic Websites

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650001
Author(s):  
Tarek Helmy ◽  
Saeed Al-Bukhitan
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Semantic Annotation ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Minimal Extension ◽  
Web Searching ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
The Web

In order to achieve the vision of the semantic Web, it is important to have enough amount of semantic content on the Web sources. To produce the semantic content on the existing Web, semantic annotation of the Web sources is required. Semantic annotation adds machine-readable content to the Web sources. Because the Web is growing at an exponential rate, semantic annotation by hand is not possible. In this paper, we present an Automatic Semantic Annotation Framework (ASAF) for semantic annotation of Arabic Web sources based on the domain ontologies. We present a learning approach that utilizes public Arabic resources, such as Wikipedia and WordNet for building Arabic ontologies. Moreover, we present different approaches for extracting name entities and relationships from Arabic Web sources. As a case study, we have developed and expanded a set of Arabic ontologies related to food, health, and nutrition through a set of processes. We have also developed the ASAF prototype, and showed how it can utilize these ontologies for extracting health, food related name entities, and relationships from the Web sources in order to annotate and store them in the knowledge-base. We conducted several experiments to test the capability of ASAF in recognizing the name entities and relationships using different approaches. Empirical evaluations of ASAF show promising performance results in terms of precision, recall, and [Formula: see text]-measure. The outcome of the presented framework could be utilized by semantic Web searching applications to retrieve precise answers to the end user smarter queries. An important feature of ASAF is that it could be ported to other domains with minimal extension. ASAF also contributes to the vision of the semantic Web in the target domains in Arabic Web sources.

In or Out?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Alternative State ◽  
Empirical Measurement ◽  
The Status ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

This chapter introduces a benchmark theory of public opinion towards European integration. Rather than relying on generic labels like support or scepticism, the chapter suggests that public opinion towards the EU is both multidimensional and multilevel in nature. People’s attitudes towards Europe are essentially based on a comparison between the benefits of the status quo of membership and those associated with an alternative state, namely one’s country being outside the EU. This comparison is coined the ‘EU differential’. When comparing these benefits, people rely on both their evaluations of the outcomes (policy evaluations) and the system that produces them (regime evaluations). This chapter presents a fine-grained conceptualization of what it means to be an EU supporter or Eurosceptic; it also designs a careful empirical measurement strategy to capture variation, both cross-nationally and over time. The chapter cross-validates these measures against a variety of existing and newly developed data sources.

scholarly journals MMoOn Core – the Multilingual Morpheme Ontology

Semantic Web ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Bettina Klimek ◽  
Markus Ackermann ◽  
Martin Brümmer ◽  
Sebastian Hellmann
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Semantic Model ◽  
Lexical Resources ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Core Ontology ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Rapid Emergence

In the last years a rapid emergence of lexical resources has evolved in the Semantic Web. Whereas most of the linguistic information is already machine-readable, we found that morphological information is mostly absent or only contained in semi-structured strings. An integration of morphemic data has not yet been undertaken due to the lack of existing domain-specific ontologies and explicit morphemic data. In this paper, we present the Multilingual Morpheme Ontology called MMoOn Core which can be regarded as the first comprehensive ontology for the linguistic domain of morphological language data. It will be described how crucial concepts like morphs, morphemes, word forms and meanings are represented and interrelated and how language-specific morpheme inventories can be created as a new possibility of morphological datasets. The aim of the MMoOn Core ontology is to serve as a shared semantic model for linguists and NLP researchers alike to enable the creation, conversion, exchange, reuse and enrichment of morphological language data across different data-dependent language sciences. Therefore, various use cases are illustrated to draw attention to the cross-disciplinary potential which can be realized with the MMoOn Core ontology in the context of the existing Linguistic Linked Data research landscape.

A Model for Cooperative Design Based on Multi-Agent System

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Yi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Multi Agent System ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Knowledge Processing ◽  
Cooperative Design ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Design Result

Distributed cooperative design is carried out by teams located at different places. The regional limitation must be overcome to facilitate information exchange, knowledge processing, and design result exchange, etc., among the teams. This paper proposes a multi-agent based model for cooperative design. The model consists of five types of agents according to cooperative design environment and design activities. Integrated fine grained security mechanism into different agents is the major feature of this model.

Research on Plug&Play Technology for Smart Grid Information Exchange Bus

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2047-2056
Author(s):  
Di Si Zhang ◽  
Guang Xian Lv ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Xue Yuan Su ◽  
Hai Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Distribution Automation ◽  
Control Information ◽  
Routing Table ◽  
The Status ◽  
Routing Tables

To promote the ease of use and reliability of IEC 61968 based Information Exchange Bus and fulfill the rapid establishment of inter-buses and adapters-bus communication channels, this article first analyzes the status quo of distribution automation integrity. Combined with the concept of universal PnP technology, the functions of IEC 61968 based adapters as well as buses are improved and more adapted. Considering characteristics of IEC 61968 standards, components like adapter identification information, topic-authorization table, and topic-authorization routing table are introduced and then a set of special mechanisms are built, including binding&unbinding procedures for inter-buses and adapters-buses, retransmission scheme, and mergence of topic authorization routing tables used to control information flow. By implementing this theory, the adapters-buses and inter-buses PnP functions are realized and the ease of use and reliability of smart grid information exchange buses are enhanced.

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