INCIDENCE OF TOXIGENIC MOULDS IN FOOD SPICES SOLD IN OPEN MARKETS IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA

Spices are parts of plants or plant substances primarily used for flavouring and preservation of food. Spices can be exposed to microbial contamination and toxic substances such as mycotoxins during processing storage and distribution. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of toxigenic moulds in food spices sold in open markets in Benin City. A total of 35 samples were obtained from three markets. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus agar (AFPA) were employed for the isolation, characterization and identification of fungal isolates using standard microbiological procedures. The pH was determined using an electronic pH meter, titratable acidity and moisture content were also determined using appropriate methods. Fungi isolated in this study included; Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Rhizopus sp., Geotrichum sp., Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. The most occurring fungus was Fusarium sp. (26%) while Alternaria sp. (2%) was the least occurring fungus. The fungal load ranged from 0.33 - 28.67 x 103 sfu/g and the pH values of samples ranged from 4.83 – 5.67. The titratable acidity ranged from 0.037 – 0.521 mg/l, while the moisture content ranged from 2.0 – 28.0%. The study revealed the presence of toxigenic moulds such as Fusarium and Penicillium species in food spices sold in open markets. This may have resulted from improper storage, handling and poor sanitary conditions in the open markets.

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Trigona sp. COMO VISITANTE FLORAL E VETOR DE ESPOROS FÚNGICOS PARA GOIABEIRA (Psidium guajava L. – MYRTACEAE)

Estudos de Biologia ◽

10.7213/reb.v26i55.21636 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 26 (55) ◽

Author(s):

Rodrigo Makowiecky Stuart ◽

Carolina Lamas ◽

Ida Chapaval Pimentel

Keyword(s):

Psidium Guajava ◽

Penicillium Sp ◽

Alternaria Sp ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Aspergillus Sp ◽

Rhizopus Sp ◽

Mycelia Sterilia

Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar a ação de Trigona sp. como visitante floral e vetor de esporos fúngicos para goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.). As observações foram feitas entre dezembro de 2003 e fevereiro de 2004 em flores de goiabeiras do Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Foi verificado que três gêneros de abelhas estavam visitando as flores de goiaba: Apis melifera, Bombus sp. e Trigona sp.. Entretanto, Trigona demonstrou ser mais freqüente que as outras durante as observações. A freqüência de visitas de Trigona foi maior durante o início da manhã, decrescendo ao longo do dia. A avaliação dos fungos associados a Trigona demonstrou a presença de 11 gêneros distintos: Acremonium sp., Altenaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Fonsecaea sp., Fusarium sp., Mycelia sterilia, Penicillium sp., Phoma sp. e Rhizopus sp.. 48 % destes representam fitopatógenos potenciais como Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp. e Phoma sp.. Estes dados demonstram que o gênero Trigona pode atuar na disseminação de doenças para diversas culturas, funcionando como vetor de esporos fúngicos para outras plantas.

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Occurrence and Diversity of Soil Microflora in Potato Fields of Bangladesh

Journal of Advances in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/jamb/2020/v20i930277 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

M. A. Nitu ◽

M. Rahaman ◽

F. M. Aminuzzaman ◽

N. Sultana

Keyword(s):

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Soil Microflora ◽

Bacterium Species ◽

Alternaria Sp ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Aspergillus Sp ◽

Rhizopus Sp ◽

Soil Dilution ◽

Made In

Microflora from potato rhizosphere soil was isolated from different potato fields of Bangladesh. Seventeen soil samples were analyzed for the presence of microflora in selected potato field soils. Seven fungal species and one bacterium species were morphologically characterized using soil dilution and streak plate methods. The predominant fungi isolated including Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Bipolaris sp., Phytophthora sp., Fusarium sp. and one bacterium was identified as Ralstonia solanacearum. Individual colonies of fungi and bacteria were counted on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), V8 juice Agar and their presence in soil was compared in respect of different locations of potato fields. The occurrence of Phytophthora sp. was medium in Tongibari and lower in Singair Union, Sonargaon, Matlab Dakshin, Gobindaganj, Palashbari, Gopinathpur and Bagmara. The highest counts of R. solanacearum were found in Singair Union, Tongibari and Daudkandi and the lowest counts were made in Palashbari and Bagmara. This was the first reported examination of the microbial diversity of soil microflora in some selected potato fields of Bangladesh.

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Treating sunflower seeds subjected to ozonization

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v37n3148582 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 202-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vitor Oliveira Rodrigues ◽

Fabiano Ramos Costa ◽

Marcela Carlota Nery ◽

Sara Michelly Cruz ◽

Soryana Gonçalves Ferreira de Melo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Ozone Concentration ◽

Sunflower Seeds ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Alternaria Sp ◽

Ozone Control ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Aspergillus Sp

Abstract:Sunflower crops (Helianthus annuus L.) are a source of pathogens that can be transmitted by means of the seeds. An alternative for the treatment of seeds can be the application of an ozone compound, which has been used in various segments to eliminate microorganisms. Three lots of the Embrapa 122 variety have been used to assess the efficacy of ozone to control pathogens in sunflowers seeds. To typify the profile of the lots we have determined the moisture content, the first germination counting, the germination, the germination speed index, emergence, initial stand, emergence speed index and health. The lots have been stored in an ozone-rich environment for periods of 20, 60 and 120 minutes and without ozone (control). After the treatments, the seeds were tested to assess their health and physiological quality through the said tests as well as a test for accelerating aging, tetrazolium and incidence and severity of fungi. It has been concluded that the treatment for H. annuus seeds, Embrapa 122 variety, with ozone concentration of 1741 ppmv (0.24 g/h), for 60 minutes, reduces the fungal presence of Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. without affecting their physiological potential.

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Associação de Fungos com Sementes de Espécies Florestais Nativas

Summa Phytopathologica ◽

10.1590/0100-5405/2211 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 246-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Lídia Moura do Carmo ◽

Edson José Mazaratto ◽

Bárbara Eckstein ◽

Álvaro Figueredo dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Penicillium Sp ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Alternaria Sp ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Aspergillus Sp ◽

Rhizopus Sp

RESUMO No Brasil, ainda há poucas pesquisas sobre os microrganismos associados às sementes florestais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi detectar fungos associados às sementes de seis espécies florestais nativas: açoita-cavalo (Luehea divaricata), araçá amarelo (Psidium cattleyanum), corticeira (Erythrina falcata), rabo-de-bugio (Lonchocarpus sp.), vassoura-vermelha (Dodonea viscosa) e pau-jacaré (Piptadenia gonoacantha). Foram identificados oito gêneros de fungos potencialmente patogênicos: Cladosporyum sp., Fusarium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Phomopsis sp., Coletotrichum sp., Alternaria sp., Phoma sp. e Botrytis sp. e fungos saprófitas: Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Epicoccum sp., Torula sp., Trichoderma sp., Gliocladium sp., Chaetomium sp. e Trichothecium sp. Os resultados evidenciam a diversidade de fungos associados às sementes florestais nativas, incluindo vários potencialmente fitopatogênicos.

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Germinação, qualidade sanitária e armazenamento de sementes de canafístula (Peltophorum dubium)

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/s0100-67622012000100001 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 01-06 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adriana Martinelli Seneme ◽

Edilberto Possamai ◽

Silvelena Vanzolini ◽

Cibele Chalita Martins

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Semitectum ◽

Alternaria Sp ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Aspergillus Sp ◽

Rhizopus Sp

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de métodos de superação de dormência e do ambiente de armazenamento sobre a qualidade fisiológica e fitopatológica das sementes de canafístula (Peltophorum dubium). As sementes foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos de superação de dormência: escarificação com lixa (200); imersão em água na temperatura ambiente, durante 24 e 72 h; imersão em ácido sulfúrico por 2, 6, 10, 15, 20 e 30 min; imersão em água quente (70, 80 e 90 C); e umedecimento do substrato com solução de KNO3 (0,2%). As sementes foram armazenadas na temperatura ambiente e a 10 C por 210 dias. Os efeitos dos tratamentos e do armazenamento foram avaliados por meio do teor de água, teste de germinação (cinco repetições de 30 sementes), de comprimento de plântulas e sanidade (400 sementes), com incubação por oito dias (22-25 C). Na análise estatística dos dados, utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 14 (condições de armazenamento x tratamentos para a superação da dormência). As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P>0,5). Com relação às sementes não armazenadas, os melhores tratamentos para superar a dormência e promover a germinação foram escarificação com lixa ou ácido sulfúrico por 15 a 30 min; quanto às sementes armazenadas, houve a imersão em água quente (70 a 80 ºC). Os fungos detectados nas sementes foram Pestalotia sp., Alternaria sp., Rhizopus sp., Nigrospora sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp. e Fusarium semitectum.

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Health and transmission of fungi associated with seeds of Luehea divaricata

Revista Agro mbiente On-line ◽

10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v14i0.6181 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Alexsandra Cezimbra Quevedo ◽

Marlove Fatima Brião Muniz ◽

Clair Walker ◽

Mateus Alves Saldanha

Keyword(s):

Native Forest ◽

Germination Test ◽

Seedling Roots ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Alternaria Sp ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Aspergillus Sp ◽

Rhizopus Sp ◽

Health Test ◽

Transmission Test

Research related to the pathology of seeds of native forest species, açoita-cavalo (Luehea divaricata), is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the sanitary and physiological quality of whipshorse seeds and the possible transmission of fungi associated with the seeds to the seedlings, in lots from Santa Maria - RS. Were 100 seeds used, divided into four repetitions of 25 per lot (2016 and 2018) and test. The health test was carried out in which the seeds without asepsis were placed in “gerbox” boxes with filter paper substrate at a temperature of 25 °C, with a photoperiod of 12 h for seven days. The germination test and the fungi transmission test seeds were conducted in a germination room at a temperature of 25 ºC, and a photoperiod of 12 h. Only the seeds used in the germination test underwent asepsis. The evaluations of the two tests consisted of the First Germination Count (at 14 days) and the count in the number of normal, abnormal seedlings, and non-germinated seeds (at 28 days). In the health test, fungi were identified and quantified: Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Cladosporium sp., Pestalotia sp. and Epicoccum sp. The Fusarium genus was identified associated with the symptoms of browning and rotting in seedling roots in the transmission test. The sample from 2018 showed greater vigor, reaching 21% at 14 days, not different from the lot of 2016 that reached 10%. The lot of 2018 presented the best results concerning health, vigor, and germination.

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Isolation frequency of medically important fungi and fluconazole resistant of Candida sp from hospital cockroaches.

10.21203/rs.2.24339/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Doreen Anna Mloka ◽

George M Bwire ◽

Kenndy Mwambete

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Opportunistic Fungi ◽

Candida Sp ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Alternaria Sp ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Aspergillus Sp ◽

Rhizopus Sp ◽

Parasitic Pathogens

Abstract BackgroundCockroaches are common pests in homes and hospitals. They are known to cause allergic reactions in certain individuals and have found to be potential vectors for various bacterial and parasitic pathogens. This study assessed the potential of hospital cockroaches to act as vectors of medically important fungal pathogens on their external surfaces.MethodsCockroaches were captured from the main Intensive care unit (ICU), burn unit, adult surgical wards , pediatric oncology wards, intern hostel kitchen and the central kitchen of a national referral teaching hospital in Tanzania. Normal saline washings from the external surface of cockroaches were cultured on standard mycological media to facilitate isolation and identification of medically important molds and yeasts. Susceptibility of Candida sp isolates to fluconazole was tested using the CLSI M27-A3 microdilution method.ResultsAt total of 72 cockroaches were captured from various sites of the hospital between February and March 2015. All cockroaches captured were shown to carry medically importance fungi. A total of 956 medically important fungi were isolated, 57.9 % were Candida sp., 23.2%, Aspergillus sp. , 3.1% Cladosporium sp., 1.8% Rhizopus sp., 1.2 % Geotrichum sp., 0.9 % Pencillum sp. , 0.7% Alternaria sp, 0.6 % Fusarium sp , 0.3% Mucor sp and 10.1% others. Aspergillus fumigatus (50.0%) was the most commonly isolated followed by Aspergillus niger ( 15.8%) among the Aspergillus isolates.Over 16.3 % of the Candida isolates not intrinsically resistant to fluconazole showed resistance to this drug.mResistance was most frequently found in Candidapseudotropicalis (23.8%) and Candida glabarata (20.0%) and least in isolates of Candida albicans ( 6.3%). ConclusionThe external surfaces of cockroaches from this hospital may act as reservoirs of medically important opportunistic fungi exhibiting resistance to fluconazole.

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Production of Exopolysaccharide from Local Fungal Isolate

Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal ◽

10.12944/crnfsj.5.3.19 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 338-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alaa Jabbar Al-Manhel

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Exopolysaccharide Production ◽

Maximum Production ◽

Penicillium Sp ◽

Alternaria Sp ◽

Substitution Ratio ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Aspergillus Sp ◽

Rhizopus Sp ◽

Layer Chromatography

The study investigated in isolation of 26 fungal isolates belonging to 6 different genera viz., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. , Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., , Rhizopus sp. and Phoma sp. Were screened for exopolysaccharide production. Glucose in culture media was studied to select the medium that gives a maximum production of exopolysaccharide by Penicillium sp., Exopolysaccharide was isolated by ethanol precipitation. The medium which contains glucose had been selected to get the heights production of exopolysaccharide . Fermentation conditions were further investigated to optimize exopolysaccharide production by Penicillium sp. , The optimum substitution ratio, temperatures, pH and incubation periods for the maximum production of the polysaccharide were 100% , 30 ˚C , pH 5 and 9 days respectively. Characteristic of exopolysaccharide compounds were observed in the FTIR spectrum. Thin layer chromatography of the hydrolyzed polysaccharide showed that the exopolysaccharide production was heteropolysaccharide consists of galactose, glucose and mannose.

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The Mycotoxin Risks Lurking in Breads Sold in Abuja Metropolis

Asian Food Science Journal ◽

10.9734/afsj/2021/v20i730320 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

G. B. Olukotun ◽

Z. Labbo ◽

O. G. Abakpa ◽

B. B. Adamu ◽

P. A. Nosakhare

Keyword(s):

Microbial Contamination ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Plate Method ◽

Safety Risks ◽

Alternaria Sp ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Aspergillus Sp ◽

Rhizopus Sp ◽

Identification Techniques ◽

Essential Food

Bread is one of the most essential food products that is universally accepted as a very convenient form of food that has desirability to all population rich or poor, rural or urban dwellers. A staple food prepared by baking dough of flour, water and/or sugar. It is a good source of nutrients, such as macronutrients and micronutrients that are all essential for human Bread like other bakery products are subject to microbial contamination and spoilage by molds irrespective of the intrinsic composition of the product. The present study was carried out to identify the fungi associated with bread spoilage sold in Abuja metropolis, Nigeria and the possible health risks. Twenty-four (24) bread products from different locations within FCT, Abuja, Nigeria covering the six regions; Abaji, AMAC, Bwari, Gwagwalada, Kuje and Kwali were sampled and the molds associated with them were isolated using spread plate method. Based on the cultural and morphological characterizations using standard identification techniques, the mold namely Aspergillus sp. (29.7%), Mucor sp. (17.4%), Penicillum sp. (17.1%), Fusarium sp. (14.7%), Rhizopus sp. (8.0%), Cladosporium sp. (7.4%) Alternaria sp. (3.4%) and Geotricum sp. (2.3%) were found. The presence of mold is a signal to the possibility of mycotoxin build-up and other food safety risks. Therefore, bread manufacturer and distribution vendors need to periodically validate their preventive measures to control potential hazards associated with fungi-laden breads.

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FUNGOS ASSOCIADOS À CASCA DO CAULE DE Platanus orientalis L.

Estudos de Biologia ◽

10.7213/reb.v26i54.21285 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 26 (54) ◽

Author(s):

Denise Zelak Leite Bastos ◽

Ida Chapaval Pimentel ◽

Christian Dykstra ◽

Carlos Eduardo Kania ◽

Juarez Gabardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Platanus Orientalis ◽

Alternaria Sp ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Aspergillus Sp ◽

Rhizopus Sp

Para posterior emprego na biotransformação do ácido betulínico e ácido betulônico, foram isolados fungos epifíticos e endofíticos da casca de caule de Platanus orientalis L. de acordo com metodologia específica. Para cada experimento foram utilizadas 800 amostras cortadas em pequenos pedaços e plaqueadas em dois meios de culturas diferentes: BDA (batata-dextrose-ágar) e SDA (sabouraud-dextrose-ágar). Os dados foram expressos em incidência de aparecimento do fungo. Foi realizado teste qui-quadrado (÷˝) para verificar se algum dos meios favoreceu o isolamento e cultivo dos fungos isolados. Foram identificados 13 gêneros de fungos epifíticos: Mucor sp.; Rhizopus sp.; Dematium sp.; Chaetophoma sp.; Arthobotrys sp.; Trichoderma sp.; Drecheslera sp.; Nigrospora sp.; Fusarium sp.; Pestalotia sp.; Rhizomucor sp.; Aspergillus sp. e Alternaria sp. Constatou-se que Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp. apresentaram as maiores incidências nos dois meios. Oito gêneros foram identificados para os fungos endofíticos: Mucor sp.; Stachibotrys sp.; Trichophyton sp.; Trichoderma sp.; Aspergillus sp.; Phoma sp.; Fusarium sp. e Curvularia sp. Observaram-se as maiores incidências dos fungos: Mucor sp. presente nos dois meios; Stachibotrys sp. em BDA; Trichophyton sp. em SDA. Pôde-se comprovar pelo teste (÷˝) que para alguns fungos a alteração do meiofoi significativa.

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